One of the most important techniques for determining the atomic structure of a material is X-ray diffraction. One of the great problems of the technique, however, is the fact that only the intensity of the diffraction pattern can be measured, not its phase. The inverse problem, of determining the structure from the pattern thus contains ambiguities that must be resolved by other means. Quantitative X-ray analysis provides one way to resolve this phase problem: mixing the material in question with a material of known structure yields interferences that can be analyzed to yield the unknown phases. Invented in 1916, but little used at the time, the technique has seen a recent revival due to the development of extremely precise X-ray diffractometers coupled with powerful computers.

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Product Description: In this, the only book available to combine both theoretical and practical aspects of x-ray diffraction, the authors emphasize a "hands on" approach through experiments and examples based on actual laboratory data. Part I presents the basics of x-ray diffraction and explains its use in obtaining structural and chemical information...read more

Product Description: Covering both theory and applications, this important work provides a comprehensive introduction to the modern theory of X-ray and electronic spectra of free atoms. Romas Karazija discusses methods of angular momenta, irreducible tensorial operators, and coefficients of fractional parentage and their use in determining cross sections and probabilities of elementary processes...read more

Product Description: From its early days in the 1950s, the electron microanalyzer has offered two principal ways of obtaining x-ray spectra: wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS), which utilizes crystal diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), in which the x-ray quantum energy is measured directly...read more

Product Description: Inelastic scattering of X-rays with very high energy resolution has finally become possible thanks to a new generation of high-intensity X-ray sources. This development marks the end to the traditional belief that low energy excitations like lattice vibrations cannot be resolved directly with X-rays: Inelastic scattering experiments allow to observe directly the small energy shifts of the photons...read more

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Product Description: The solar atmosphere, above the Sun's surface layers, reaches mega-kelvin temperatures and high levels of dynamic activity through processes involving a pervading magnetic field. This book explores one of the principal means of understanding the solar atmosphere, its ultraviolet and soft X-ray emission...read more

Product Description: One of the most important techniques for determining the atomic structure of a material is X-ray diffraction. One of the great problems of the technique, however, is the fact that only the intensity of the diffraction pattern can be measured, not its phase...read more

The availability of intense X-ray beams from synchroton storage rings has revolutionised the field of X-ray science. This is illustrated by the cover pictures: Von Laue's first observation of X-ray diffraction from a single crystal of ZnS used an exposure time of around 1000 seconds, whereas the diffraction from a single crystal of myoglobin using modern X-ray synchroton radiation was obtained within the duration of a single pulse lasting only 0.00000000001 seconds. In this book the basics of X-ray physics, as well as the completely new opportunities offered by synchrotron radiation, are viewed from a modern perspective. The style of the book is to develop the basic physical principles without obscuring them in too much mathematical rigour. This approach should make the book attractive to the wider community of material scientists, chemists, biologists and geologists, as well as to physicists who use synchrotron radiation in their research. The book should be useful both to students taking course in X-rays, and to more experienced professionals who have the desire to extend their knowledge into new areas.

Product Description: This 5th edition of the Zeolite Powder Pattern Collection contains calculated patterns of 218 zeolite materials representing 174 framework topologies. The almost exponential growth of new zeolite topologies reflects the continued success of zeolite synthesis researchers in producing novel materials...read more