In the tradition of The Power of Habit and Thinking, Fast and Slow comes a practical, playful, and endlessly fascinating guide to what we really know about learning and memory todayâand how we can apply it to our own lives.  From an early age, it is drilled into our heads: Restlessness, distraction, and ignorance are the enemies of success. Weâre told that learning is all self-discipline, that we must confine ourselves to designated study areas, turn off the music, and maintain a strict ritual if we want to ace that test, memorize that presentation, or nail that piano recital.  But what if almost everything we were told about learning is wrong? And what if there was a way to achieve more with less effort?  In How We Learn, award-winning science reporter Benedict Carey sifts through decades of education research and landmark studies to uncover the truth about how our brains absorb and retain information. What he discovers is that, from the moment we are born, we are all learning quickly, efficiently, and automatically; but in our zeal to systematize the process we have ignored valuable, naturally enjoyable learning tools like forgetting, sleeping, and daydreaming. Is a dedicated desk in a quiet room really the best way to study? Can altering your routine improve your recall? Are there times when distraction is good? Is repetition necessary? Careyâs search for answers to these questions yields a wealth of strategies that make learning more a part of our everyday livesâand less of a chore.  By road testing many of the counterintuitive techniques described in this book, Carey shows how we can flex the neural muscles that make deep learning possible. Along the way he reveals why teachers should give final exams on the first day of class, why itâs wise to interleave subjects and concepts when learning any new skill, and when itâs smarter to stay up late prepping for that presentation than to rise early for one last cram session. And if this requires some suspension of disbelief, thatâs because the research defies what weâve been told, throughout our lives, about how best to learn.  The brain is not like a muscle, at least not in any straightforward sense. It is something else altogether, sensitive to mood, to timing, to circadian rhythms, as well as to location and environment. It doesnât take orders well, to put it mildly. If the brain is a learning machine, then it is an eccentric one. In How We Learn, Benedict Carey shows us how to exploit its quirks to our advantage.  Praise for How We LearnâThis book is a revelation. I feel as if Iâve owned a brain for fifty-four years and only now discovered the operating manual.ââMary Roach, bestselling author of Stiff and GulpâA welcome rejoinder to the faddish notion that learning is all about the hours put in.ââThe New York Times Book Review  âA valuable, entertaining tool for educators, students and parents.ââShelf Awareness  âHow We Learn is more than a new approach to learning; it is a guide to making the most out of life. Who wouldnât be interested in that?ââScientific American  âI know of no other source that pulls together so much of what we know about the science of memory and couples it with practical, practicable advice.ââDaniel T. Willingham, professor of psychology at the University of VirginiaFrom the Hardcover edition.