Product Description: Planning as deliberate preparation for future action is as old as human history. Agricultural land allocation and cities were always planned, as were military warfare and defence. With the growing complexity of society in the 19th century, however, planning became a discipline and profession...read more

Product Description: Spatial models have been in existence in the environmental and social sciences for a long time. More recently, specialised software for the capture, manipulation and presentation of spatial data, which can be referred to as `Geographical Information Systems' (GIS), have vastly increased the range of possibilities of organising spatial data by new and efficient ways of spatial integration and spatial interpolation...read more (view table of contents, read Amazon.com's description)

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