Product Description: Kant`s theory of biology has emerged as an important field of study within Kant scholarship. The volume Kant`s Theory of Biology contains 15 essays by leading international Kant scholars and philosophers of biology. Topics discussed include 17th- and 18th-century biological theories, the development of Kant`s views on biology, the teleology of nature in the Critique of the Power of Judgment and new perspectives on Kant`s contributions to biology...read more

This new anthology offers the key works of seven major philosophers along with a rich selection of associated texts by other leading thinkers of the period chosen to enhance the reader's understanding of modern philosophy and its relationship to the natural science of the time. A brief general introduction describes the intellectual climate in which the works to follow were conceived. Short chapter introductions give pertinent details about specific philosophers and their works. Texts are provided in their entirety or in substantive selections, including a new abridgement of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason commissioned especially for this volume. Alternatives to the 'main' texts -- for example, Kant's Prolegomena is also included -- give instructors flexibility while providing students with the best translations of the primary source materials at an eminently reasonable price. Roger Ariew is Professor of Philosophy and Eric Watkins is Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Eric Watkins argues that a grasp of Leibnizian and anti-Leibnizian thought in eighteenth-century Germany helps one to see how Kant (in his critical period) argued for causal principles that have both metaphysical and epistemological elements. According to this interpretation, Kant's model of causality does not consist of events, but rather of substances endowed with causal powers that are exercised according to their natures and circumstances.

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Product Description: This anthology offers the key works of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume in their entirety or in substantial selections, along with a rich selection of associated texts by other leading thinkers of the period. (view table of contents, read Amazon.com's description)

This anthology offers the key works of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz in their entirety or in substantial selections, along with a rich selection of associated texts by other leading thinkers of the period. (view table of contents)

Book by Reinhard Brandt (view table of contents)

Focusing on the period of philosophy from the pre-Socratics to Plotinus, "Philosophy of the Ancients" is a lucid, up-to-date introduction to the study of the classic Greek and Roman philosphers. This volume offers the reader a broad range of coverage of ancient philosophy, while the major emphasis of each philospher are distilled so as to afford meaning and insight. From the pre-Socratics through Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle to the Stoics, Epicurus, Neoplatonism, and finally Plotinus the student will find a presentation of the salient features of these philosophers. Since our philosophical understanding today should be based on an awareness of the antecedents of our philosophical ideas, Friedo Ricken concentrates in his work on the questions, concepts, and claims from the ancient period that are also indispensable for contemporary philosophy.