Product Description: ASHRAE, founded in 1894, is an international organization of some 50,000 persons. ASHRAE fulfills its mission of advancing heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world through research, standards writing, publishing, and continuing education...read more

Product Description: The continuing global crisis reinforces the need for Europe's transition economies to find a robust strategy for macroeconomic policy in the period leading up to accession and in preparation for joining EMU. This report examines three of the issues that need to be resolved along the way: How should policymakers think about the actual and the desirable evolution of the real exchange rate in transition economies? What nominal anchor should be adopted? To what extent must any credible monetary policy be underpinned by sound fiscal policy? Implicit in all these questions is the appropriate speed of disinflation; the tradeoffs between fiscal prudence, adequate government expenditure on infrastructure, and regulatory capacity; and the implications for capital flows and the vulnerability of the banking system...read more

Product Description: Over the past five to ten years Central and East European (CEE) countries have undergone a radical transformation of their economies from state socialism to various forms of market capitalism. During this time employment ratios plummeted from dubious 'full employment' to levels equal or lower than in countries of comparable economic development...read more

Product Description: The countries of central and eastern Europe abandoned the socialist system and began the transition to capitalism to promote rapid growth and the ultimate convergence with the west. Nowhere has the need for institutional reform been as great as in the financial sector...read more