Product Description: Specially created for beginners to enhance their proficiency in Portuguese. Includes some important major differences between types of Portuguese by geographical region.

Product Description: Francisco Varo’s Arte de la Lengua Mandarina, completed ca. 1680, is the earliest published grammar of any spoken form of Chinese and the fullest known description of the standard language of the seventeenth century. It establishes beyond doubt that this “Language of the Mandarins” was not Pekingese or Peking-based but had instead a Jiang-Huai or Nankingese-like phonology...read more (view table of contents, read Amazon.com's description)

Product Description: The orthography of the scribe(s) has been respected, including work separation and conjunction, except when personal scribal patterns interfere with the general orthography of the lexical items in question. These are the cases in which the orthography represents an attempt on the part of the scribe(s) to reflect the pronunciation of the words selected...read more (view table of contents, read Amazon.com's description)