The rapid development of lasers in the past few decades has led to their application in almost every field of science and technology. The idea that it should be possible to convert the energy released in chemical reactions of chemical lasers directly into coherent radiation resulted in the advent in the 1960s. These first chemical lasers, however, consumed much more energy to initiate the reaction than they emitted. The search for more ef­ ficient chemical lasing led to the utilization of chain reactions. However, care had to be taken to maintain the appropriate pressure. In 1970, it was demonstrated that the operation of chemical lasers at atmospheric pressure was also feasible, making it easier and cheaper to construct them. One of the advantages of chemical lasers is the wide range of radia­ tion wavelengths emitted by them: 1.3 - 26 ~m. The vibrational frequen­ cies of many molecules fall within this range so that they may convenient­ ly be used for the operation of such lasers. Progress in the development of chemical lasers is intimately con­ nected with advances in related fields such as gas dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, and research into the energy relaxation and transfer processes in molecular systems.

Product Description: This study posits and pursues a new theoretical and methodological approach cognitive regional language research based on a paradigm that systematically links panchronic studies (particularly in the subfields of variation linguistics and historical linguistics) to cognitive linguistics...read more

Product Description: The articles collected in this volume offer the most various access to the discussed questions on norm and variation. In their entirety, they reflect the current discussion of the topic. Focusing on the object languages German and English ensures a high level of topical consistency...read more

Der Band setzt sich zum Ziel, die räumliche Dimension in der Variationslinguistik neu zu bestimmen. Lange wurde geglaubt, dass mit dem Abbau der Dialekte die Diatopik an Bedeutung verliert. Wie jedoch in jüngsten variationslinguistischen Studien belegt werden kann, ist aber das Gegenteil der Fall: Mit der Regression der kleinräumigen Variation vollzieht sich zwischen den Polen Standardsprache und Basisdialekt eine Neuordnung der Variationsspektren, die mittelfristig eine neue Varietätenarchitektur bedingen. Die zwölf Beiträge des Bandes gründen auf Vorträgen des Heidelberger Kolloquiums Variation im Raum. Sie zeichnen die Traditionslinien räumlich gebundener variationslinguistischer Forschung in der Gegenwart anhand von Fallstudien nach. Darüber hinaus werden Perspektiven für die künftige areal ausgerichtete Variationslinguistik aufgezeigt.