This fluent, accessible and richly informed study, based on previously unexplored archival material, concerns the history of Gibraltar following its military conquest in 1704, after which sovereignty of the territory was transferred from Spain to Britain and it became a British fortress and colony.  Unlike virtually all other studies of Gibraltar, this book focuses on the civilian population. It shows how a substantial multi-ethnic Roman Catholic and Jewish population derived mainly from the littorals and islands of the Mediterranean became settled in British Gibraltar, much of it in defiance of British efforts to control entry and restrict residence. With Gibraltar’s political future still today contested this is a matter of considerable political importance. Community and Identity will appeal to both a scholarly and a lay readership interested particularly in the ‘Rock’ or more generally in nationality and identity formation, colonial administration, decolonization and the Iberian peninsula.

One popular image of the interwar years portrays the period as a time of depression, deprivation and decay. However, much recent work has tended to take, on balance, a more optimistic view of social conditions. In this pamphlet Dr Constantine examines the basis for such conclusions by reviewing the changing employment porspects for manual and non-manual workers, levels of family expenditure on food, consumer goods and leisure activities, the extent and causes of poverty, the quality of interwar housing and the records of the nation's health. The effects on living standards of demographic change, economic growth, wage levels and government policies are considered. The period is seen as a time of transition, witnessing significant shifts away from older patterns of employment and social conditions towards those characteristic of an affulent mass consumer society. However, there were casualties from this process of accelerated change, and class and regional inequalities remained.

An understanding of Lloyd George's long and prominent political career elucidates many of the key issues in modern British history. Seen by some as `the man who won the war', he was central to the political activity which appeared to secure the pre-eminence of the Liberal party before the First World War, but which later contributed to its reduction in status. His initiatives in government, particularly in the area of social reform, helped to redefine the relationship between the state and society and laid the basis for the Welfare State.This pamphlet examines these developments with reference to Lloyd George's Welsh background, his personal ambitions and his response to the challenges posed to Liberal society by radical conservatism and socialism. It draws on the wealth of material that is now available and provides a concise, interpretive study.

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Product Description: After Edward Gibbon's death in 1794, it was left to his friend Lord Sheffield to prepare for publication his Memoirs of My Life and Writings. Detailed notes add value to Sheffield's original text.

The immediate effects of World War I were for the most part only too evident. They were particularly noticeable in Britain, where a small regular army was transformed into a massive conscript force and where the state came to involve itself directly in many areas of daily life. These changes are well-documented. This book provides an analysis of the effects of World War I beyond the immediate experience of the struggle. Each contributor considers the war as a catalyst of coming change, as a revolutionary influence, and as a force for reaction. The interpretative problem of identifying the onset of developments specific to the interwar period is also addressed.

Product Description: This collection of papers is part of the series "Studies in Imperialism". The series aims to examine imperialism as more than a set of economic, political and military phenomena and explores the intellectual, cultural and technical aspects of imperialism in the era of European world supremacy...read more

Product Description: First published in 1984. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Product Description: Drawing on a range of contemporary evidence, Stephen Constantine studies the nature and causes of unemployment in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s, and analyzes the failure of successive inter-war governments to make a constructive response.