Over the last 30 years several western European nations have faced protracted low-intensity conflicts. A key aspect in the state's response to such political violence is through the prison system, yet this is an area that up to now has only been of peripheral interest to scholars. This book is a study of the role that prison can play in the reduction of terrorism. It examines the experiences of three western Europe jurisdictions: North Ireland, Italy and the Spanish Basque Country. It looks at the role of the prisons both as tools for counter-insurgency and as part of a process of conflict resolution. The book also takes a detailed look at each jurisdiction and then compares the experience of the three conflicts.