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Tables of Contents for Handbook of Print Media
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Fundamentals
Communication Technologies
4
10
Print Media
4
1
Books
5
1
Magazines
5
1
Newspapers
6
1
Brochures
6
1
Other Printed Media
6
1
Electronic Media
6
1
Multimedia
7
1
Distribution and Market Volume
8
2
Trends and Scenarios for the Future
10
1
Changes in the Traditional Printing Sector
10
1
Integration of New Media
11
3
Production of Print Media
14
26
Layout, Typography, Graphic Design
15
1
Type
15
4
Typography
19
4
Graphic Design
23
1
Prepress
24
5
Printing
29
4
Postpress/Finishing
33
2
Digital Production Equipment in the Workflow
35
3
Premedia
38
2
Printing Technologies
40
28
Overview of Printing Technologies
40
1
Printing Technologies with a Printing Master
41
4
Letterpress/Flexographic Printing
45
3
Gravure Printing
48
4
Lithography/Offset Printing
52
3
Screen Printing
55
3
Printing Technologies without a Master (NIP Technologies)
58
2
Electrophotography
60
3
Ink Jet
63
2
Printing Systems based on Non-Impact Printing Technologies
65
3
Print Quality
68
49
Color/Color Theory
68
11
Color Image Composition
79
11
Halftone Process/Screening
90
9
Quality Control/Measurement Techniques
99
1
Color Measurement
100
8
Color Register
108
2
Measurement of Gloss
110
1
Surface Finishing
111
1
Characteristics of Surface Finishing
111
2
Surface Finishing Techniques
113
4
Print Media Materials
117
28
Substrates
117
13
Printing Inks
130
1
Structure and Requirements
130
7
Offset Printing Inks
137
1
Gravure Printing Inks
137
2
Flexographic Printing Inks
139
1
Letterpress Printing Inks
139
1
Screen Printing Inks
139
1
Pad Printing Inks
140
1
Inks for Non-Impact Printing Technologies
140
2
Varnishes
142
3
Printing Presses and Printing Systems
145
21
General Structure
145
5
Designs for Multicolor Printing
150
1
Sheet-fed Printing Presses
150
4
Web-fed Printing Presses
154
5
Packaging Printing Presses
159
7
Drying Methods
166
14
Physical Drying (Absorption)
166
3
Infrared (IR) Drying
169
1
Evaporative Drying
170
2
Problems in Practical Operation
172
1
Chemical Drying/Curing
173
1
Oxidation
173
1
UV Drying/Curing
173
2
Electron Beam Drying/Curing (EBC)
175
1
Auxiliary Drying Techniques
176
1
Powder Spraying
176
1
Silicone Application
176
1
Measuring Techniques
176
4
Products of Print Finishing
180
5
Aspects of Management and Business Models
185
21
Production Options and Business Models
185
1
The Value-added Chain (Production Depth and Product Range)
186
2
Financing and Distribution Models
188
2
Media Business as a Technical Service
190
1
Coordination of Workflows
190
1
Learn Production and Lean Management
190
2
Tracking
192
3
Quality Assurance
195
2
Production Layout
197
1
Material Flow
197
2
Capacity Planning
199
1
Personnel Deployment and Supply of Utilities
200
6
Printing Technologies with Permanent Printing Master
Offset Printing
206
154
Basic Principles
206
1
Process
206
3
Printing Plates, Printing Ink, Dampening Solution
209
4
Inking Unit, Dampening Unit, Printing Unit
213
10
Print Quality
223
3
Sheet-fed Offset Printing
226
1
Paper Travel
226
3
Feeders
229
8
Printing Units
237
7
Sheet Reversal/Perfecting
244
3
Delivery
247
4
Drying
251
3
Print Enhancement and In-line Finishing
254
3
Press Architecture (Special Designs)
257
3
Web-fed Offset Printing
260
1
Press and System Concepts (Components)
260
16
Web Travel (Infeed and Further Processing)
276
5
Printing Unit
281
5
Folders and Print Product Variations
286
6
Newspaper Printing
292
5
Remote Control, Measurement and Control Technology/Systems
297
1
Press Remote Control Systems
298
2
Color Measurement and Control Systems
300
7
Register Measurement and Control
307
1
Inspection of the Printed Image
308
4
In-line Print Quality Measurement and Control Systems
312
5
The State of the Art in Remote Control, Measurement and Control Systems
317
2
Automation in Print Media Production
319
1
Wash - up Procedures
320
1
Plate Changing
321
2
Sheet Size and Paper Travel Adjustment
323
2
Ink Feed Presetting in the Printing Unit
325
3
Ink and Dampening Solution Supply
328
1
Makeready for Print Production
329
4
Examples of Offset Printing Presses and Production Systems
333
1
Sheet-fed Offset Printing Presses
333
5
Web-fed Offset Printing Presses/Systems
338
16
Potential for Further Development
354
1
Print Quality
354
1
Offset Printing Process
355
1
Drying
356
1
Automation
357
3
Gravure Printing
360
35
Process
360
1
Gravure Cylinder Manufacture
360
3
Gravure Cylinder Imaging
363
3
Storage and Changing of Gravure Cylinders
366
2
Impression Roller
368
1
Inking Unit and Doctor Blade
369
3
Drying
372
1
Circumferential and Lateral Register
372
2
Magazine Turner Bars Superstructure
374
1
Gravure Printing Folders
374
3
Reel Stand
377
1
Examples of Gravure Printing Systems
377
7
Gravure Printing in the Packaging Industry
384
7
Potential for Further Development
391
4
Letterpress Printing
395
14
Basic Principles
395
1
Letterpress Printing (Process and Applications)
396
1
Flexography
397
1
Process
397
4
Printing Unit
401
3
Examples of Flexographic Printing Presses
404
3
Potential for Further Development
407
2
Screen Printing
409
14
Basic Principles/Process
409
1
Platemaking
410
4
Printing Process
414
2
Applications
416
1
Screen Printing on Flat Surfaces
416
1
Screen Printing on Curved Surfaces
417
1
Examples of Machinery
417
1
Equipment and Machinery for Flat-bed Screen Printing
417
1
Screen Printing Machinery for Printing on Curved Surfaces
418
1
Rotary Screen Printing Presses
418
4
Potential for Further Development
422
1
Special Printing Technologies and Product Specific Applications
423
29
Security Printing
423
1
Bank Notes
423
6
Postage Stamps, Stamps
429
3
Documents
432
1
Business Forms Printing
433
5
Label Printing
438
4
Pad Transfer Printing
442
1
Printing Process
443
2
Cliche Making
445
2
Pad, Ink, Object Holding Device
447
1
Multicolor Pad Transfer Printing, Applications
447
5
Prepress
Conventional Prepress
452
51
Word Processing, Typesetting
453
1
Typesetting Procedure
453
1
Manuscript
454
1
Text Input
454
2
Word Processing and Typesetting
456
2
Text Output for the Production of Film/Plate
458
1
Designs of Output Devices
458
2
Requirements on Films
460
1
Photomechanical Image Processing/Reproduction
461
1
Use and Importance of Analog Reproduction
462
2
Principles, Tasks of Photomechanical Reproduction
464
5
Materials
469
1
Machines and Devices used in Reproduction Technology
469
5
Production of Film Copies for Single-Color Printing
474
5
Production of Film Copies for Multicolor Printing
479
3
Electronic Reproduction Technology (Repro Scanner)
482
3
Assembly
485
1
Page Make-up
485
2
Sheet Assembly
487
3
Proofs/Test Print
490
3
Platemaking and Quality Control
493
1
General Information
493
1
Offset Printing
494
3
Letterpress Printing, Flexography
497
1
Gravure Printing
498
1
Screen Printing
498
1
Color Management
499
1
Processes for the Correction of Tone Values and Color Values
500
1
Offset-Gravure Conversion
501
2
Digital Prepress
503
78
Structure of Digital Printed Products
503
1
Technological Capabilities and Workflows
503
2
Digital Description of the Printed Page
505
3
Digital Screening Processes
508
5
Quality Requirements
513
1
Input and Output Resolution
514
2
Transferable Tonal Range
516
1
Dot Shape
517
1
Tone Value Influences in Printing
518
1
Color Management Profiles
519
1
Image-dependent Effects and Corrections
519
1
Digital Photography
520
1
Origins of Digital Photography
520
1
Image Scanning with Digital Cameras
521
2
Demands on the Resolution
523
1
Special Features of Digital Cameras
524
1
Digital Photography and Color Management
525
1
Digitizing Originals (Scanner)
525
1
Scanner Designs and Models
526
3
Drum Scanners
529
1
Flat-bed Scanners
529
2
Digitizing and Redigitizing
531
1
Sheet Assembly and Imposition
532
1
Page Make-up and Sheet Assembly
533
1
Full-Sheet Output
533
1
Imposition through Software
534
3
Imposition Workflows
537
3
Raster Image Processor (RIP)
540
5
Storage Media
545
2
Networks
547
1
Network Concepts and Components
547
2
Working with Networks
549
1
Data Formats
550
5
Color Management
555
1
The Image Reproduction Process using Color Management
555
1
Production of Color Profiles
555
2
Structure of Color Profiles
557
1
Connection of Color Profiles
558
2
Rendering Intent
560
1
Color Management and the Production of Proofs
561
1
Color Management for Images on the Internet
562
1
Color Management and Standardization
562
1
Digital Proof
562
1
Digital Proofing Processes
563
1
Soft Proof
563
1
Hard Proof
563
3
Color Management Concepts
566
4
Preflight Check
570
1
Film Production and Platemaking
570
1
Computer to Film Systems
570
3
Computer to Plate Systems
573
1
Computer to Film and Computer to Plate in the Prepress Workflow
573
8
Computer to ... Technologies
Survey of the Technologies
581
12
Computer to Film
583
1
Computer to Plate
583
1
Computer to Press (Direct Imaging and Computer to Print)
584
4
The Use of Computer to ... Technologies and Networking for the Production of Print Media
588
5
Computer to Film
593
4
Principles and Equipment
593
1
Film Material
594
3
Computer to Plate/to Cylinder/to Screen
597
30
Introduction
597
1
Technology of Computer to Plate Systems for Offset Printing
598
1
Design Principles
598
3
Imaging Methods and Plate Punching
601
3
Computer to Plate Systems for Offset Printing
604
4
Computer to Plate for Flexographic Printing
608
3
Computer to Cylinder for Gravure Printing
611
1
Computer to Screen for Screen Printing
611
1
Computer to Plate Workflow
612
2
Rise in Quality as a Result of Computer to Plate
614
1
Productivity and Economic Efficiency
615
1
Printing Plates for Digital Imaging
616
7
Trends in Computer to Plate
623
4
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging
627
30
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging with Removal of the Master for each Print Job
628
1
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging Printing Systems
628
10
Expansion and Comparison of Systems
638
3
Computer to Press/Direct Imaging Printing Systems with Re-imageable Master
641
2
Concepts for Re-imageable Masters with Material Application/Ablation
643
9
Re-imageable Printing Plate Systems without Material Application
652
5
Computer to Print
657
20
Printing Systems based on Electrophotography
658
6
Printing Systems based on Ionography, Magnetography, and Ink Jet
664
1
Design Principles of Computer to Print Systems
665
7
Digital Printing
672
5
Printing Technologies without a Printing Plate (NIP Technologies)
Principles and Basic Components
677
12
Computer to Press/to Print Technology
677
1
No-Impact Printing Technologies (Overview)
678
1
Printing Process and Functional Components in NIP Technologies
679
1
Digitally Controlled Image Creation in NIP Technologies
679
2
System Concepts/Architecture of Computer to Print Systems
681
4
Inks for Non-Impact Printing Processes
685
2
Components for Computer to Print Systems
687
2
Electrophotography
689
12
Principle of Electrophotography
689
2
Imaging Systems
691
1
Inking Unit (Developing Unit) and Toner
692
4
Fixing and Cleaning
696
2
Conception of the Printing Unit
698
3
Ionography
701
5
Printing Unit
701
1
Imaging System and the Principle of Ionography
702
1
Printing Unit Concepts and Printing Systems based on Ionography
703
3
Magnetography
706
5
Principle of Magnetography
706
2
Imaging System for Magnetography
708
1
Examples of Applications/Printing Systems
709
2
Ink Jet
711
20
Overview of Ink Jet Technologies and Processes
711
3
Continuous Ink Jet
714
1
Drop on Demand Ink Jet Technologies
715
8
Structure of Ink Jet Arrays
723
2
Printing Systems based on Ink Jet Technology for Multicolor Printing (Selection)
725
6
Thermography
731
11
Overview of Thermography Technologies
731
3
Thermal Transfer Printing Systems
734
4
Thermal Sublimation Printing Systems
738
4
Electrography
742
4
Photography
746
3
``X'' -Graphy
749
12
TonerJet Printing Technology
750
2
Elcography
752
2
Direct Imaging Printing Technology
754
2
Assessment of New Types of NIP Technologies
756
5
Hybrid Printing Systems
Overview of Printing Methods and Technologies
761
2
Combination Variants of Hybrid Printing Systems
763
2
System Concepts and Examples of Implementations
765
6
Hybrid Printing Systems Combining Conventional Printing Technologies
765
1
Hybrid Printing Systems Combining NIP Technologies
765
1
Hybrid Printing Systems Combining Conventional and NIP Technologies
766
2
Hybrid Printing Systems Combining Computer to Press/Direct Imaging with NIP Technologies
768
1
Hybrid Printing Systems Combining Conventional Printing Technologies with Computer to Press Technologies
769
2
Hybrid Techniques for In-line and Off-line Print Production
771
4
Print Finishing Processes
Classification of Print Finishing Processes
775
7
Processes Steps and Procedures for Print Finishing
782
80
Cutting and Die-Cutting
782
1
Characterization of the Processes
782
1
Cutting with Guillotine Cutters
782
7
Cutting Webs
789
2
Die-Cutting
791
5
Folding
796
1
Characterization of the Process
796
1
Folding with Folding Machines
796
10
Folding Bookbinding Sheets
806
5
Forwarding
811
1
Characterization of the Process
811
1
Forwarding Process in Industrial Finishing
812
4
Assembling into Blocks
816
1
Characterization of the Process
816
1
Gathering
816
5
Gathering into Single-layer Blocks
821
4
Binding Blocks
825
1
Characterization of the Process
825
1
Thread-Stitching Books
826
4
Perfect Binding
830
7
Thread-Sealing
837
2
Wire-Stitching
839
3
Trimming
842
1
Characterization of the Process
842
1
Trimming Book Blocks and Brochures
842
2
Edge Treatments on Books and Brouchres
844
1
Characterization of the Process
844
1
Process Sections of Block Edge Treatments
845
3
Case Making
848
1
Characterization of the Process
848
2
Producing Book Covers
850
3
Book Finishing
853
1
Characterization of the Process
853
2
The Process Sections of Book Finishing
855
2
Packaging
857
1
Characterization of the Process
857
1
Packaging of Books and Brochures
858
4
Process Structuring in Print Finishing
862
43
Basic Principles of Process Structuring
862
1
Production Flow in Print Finishing
862
1
Interlinking Modules in Print Finishing
863
4
Temporary Storage of Folded Sheets
867
3
Production Lines in Print Finishing (Examples)
870
1
Cutting Lines for Labels
870
3
Production Lines for Mailings and Folded Products
873
3
Newspaper Mailroom
876
6
Mailroom for Magazines
882
4
Binding Lines for Multi-Layer Brochures
886
1
Production Lines for Hardcovers
887
4
Finishing Short Print Runs
891
3
Bag Production Systems
894
3
Folding Boxes
897
8
Material and Data Flow in Print Media Production
Material Logistics
905
18
Logistics around the Press
905
1
Supply of Printing Plates
906
2
Paper Reel Logistics
908
2
Ink, Dampening Solution, and Air Supply
910
1
Waste Disposal
911
1
Paper Pile Logistics for Sheet-fed Offset Presses
911
3
Logistics in Printing Companies
914
1
Procurement Logistics in Printing Companies
915
2
Inventory Management in Printing Companies
917
1
Production Logistics in Printing Companies
918
2
Logistics in Publishing Houses
920
3
Networking and Data Flow
923
16
Network Concepts and Interfaces
924
2
Digital Workflow
926
1
Digital Workflow in Prepress
926
2
Digital Workflow and Digital Printing (Computer to Press)
928
1
Digital Workflow: Advantages, Challenges, and Possibilities
929
1
CIP3 for the Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) of Printed Products
930
4
Production Management/Monitoring Systems
934
1
Purpose, Applications
934
1
Production Monitoring Systems
935
4
Production Strategies for Print Media
Production Concepts
939
13
Strategic Orientation of Printing Companies
939
2
Centralized and Distributed Production
941
1
Centralized Production at One Site
941
2
Distributed Production at Several Sites
943
1
Integrated Production, Interlinking of Systems
944
1
Print on Demand
945
3
Personalization
948
4
Production Systems
952
11
Comparison of Printing and Production Technologies for Print Media
Introduction
963
2
Overview of Methods and Technologies for the Production of Print Media
965
4
Production Methods and Strategies
969
4
Criteria for the Selection of Printing Technologies and Production Methods
973
2
Performance Criteria of Printing Systems and Trends in Print Media Production
975
8
Quality and Productivity/Run Length
975
1
Productivity
976
1
Production Costs per Printed Page
976
2
Trends in Print Media Production
978
5
Electronic Media and Multimedia
Media Concepts
983
2
Data Types, Data Structures and their Applications
985
8
Text
985
1
Graphics
986
1
Image
986
3
Audio
989
1
Video
989
1
Animation
989
1
Virtual Reality (VR)
989
1
Augmented Reality
990
1
Multimedia
991
1
Document
991
2
Data Carriers
993
2
Hard Disk Storage Units
993
1
Rewritable, Removable Storage Units
993
1
CD-ROM and DVD-ROM
993
1
Magnetic Tapes
994
1
Networks
995
3
Internet
995
1
Intranet, Extranet
996
1
Broad Band Networks
996
2
Data Compression
998
3
Compressed Data Archives
998
1
Compression Processes for Image Data Files
998
1
Compression Processes for Audio
999
1
Compression Processes for Video
999
2
Output Devices for Electronic Media and Multimedia
1001
3
Screen Output
1001
1
Projection Equipment
1002
1
Stereo Output
1002
1
Projection Directly to the Eyes
1003
1
Multimedia Applications
1004
3
Print Media and Electronic Media
Examples of Print Media and Electronic Media
1007
3
The Production of Print Media and Electronic Media
1010
3
``Electronic'' Books, ``Electronic'' Ink, ``Electronic'' Paper
1013
7
``Electronic'' Books (E-Books)
1013
2
``Electronic'' Ink (E-Ink), ``Electronic'' Paper (E-Paper)
1015
5
Market Shares and Trends
1020
9
Special Topics
History, Education, Research
1029
47
History of Technology (Press and Prepress)
1029
1
Offset Printing and Offset Printing Presses
1029
3
Gravure Printing and Gravure Printing Presses
1032
2
Letterpress Printing and Letterpress Printing Presses
1034
7
The Historical Relationship of the Printing Press Manufacturers
1041
2
Prepress
1043
5
Education and Qualifications (Career Profiles, Courses)
1048
1
The Printing Industry as an Employer
1048
1
Educational Requirements and Options
1049
1
Vocational Training
1050
2
Course of Study
1052
4
Scholarships for International Study Programs
1056
1
Heidelberg Print Media Academy
1057
2
Science and Research (Selected Examples)
1059
1
Subjects, Methods, and Cooperations
1059
1
Inking Units
1060
3
Printing Units
1063
4
Sheet Transfer
1067
3
Industrial Joint Research
1070
6
Environment, Safety, Standardization
1076
26
Environmental Protection in the Printing Industry
1076
1
Introduction
1076
2
Environmental Protection in Offset Printing
1078
1
Environmental Protection in Gravure Printing
1079
1
Environmental Protection in Letterpress and Flexographic Printing
1080
1
Environmental Protection in Screen Printing
1080
1
Environment-oriented Business Management
1080
1
Legal Foundations
1081
2
Support and Advice for Environment-relevant Measures
1083
1
Safety Resources
1084
1
Health and Safety
1084
1
International and European Directives (Laws) and Standards
1085
1
Safety-conscious Design
1086
3
Requirements for Separating Protective Devices
1089
2
Hazard Analysis, Risk Assessment
1091
1
CE and GS Marks of Conformity
1091
2
Intended Use
1093
1
Industry Standards, Codes of Practice and National/International Standards
1093
9
Markets and Development Trends for Print Media
1102
13
Newspaper Market
1102
3
Magazine Market
1105
1
Book Market
1106
1
Catalog Market
1107
1
Advertising Printing Market
1107
1
Packaging Market
1108
1
SOHO Market
1108
7
Appendix
Explanation of Specific Terms
1115
15
Glossary
1115
10
Abbreviations and their Meaning (Selection)
1125
3
Abbreviations for Source References Information
1128
2
Physical/Technical Quantities and Conversions
1130
4
Quantities and Units in the SI-System (Selection)
1130
3
Conversion between the SI-System and the Imperial System (Metric/Imperial)
1133
1
Bibliography
1134
3
List of References to Readings on the Chapters and Sections in this Handbook
1134
1
Selected Literature on Print Media related Topics (General Bibliography and Individual Topics)
1135
2
Standards (Selection)
1137
8
Prepress
1137
1
Printing Inks
1138
1
Substrates
1139
1
Materials (Printing Plates, Blankets)
1140
1
Printing Technologies and Printing Presses
1140
1
Finishing
1141
1
Quality, Quality Specifications, and Measurement Techniques
1141
2
Safety of Machinery
1143
1
Environmental Management
1143
2
Research Associations and Educational Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection)
1145
8
Universities
1145
2
Research Institutes and Research Centers
1147
3
Institutions for Teaching/Training and Education
1150
3
Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection)
1153
15
Associations and Organizations
1153
13
Industrial Joint Research
1166
2
International Conferences for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection)
1168
5
Subject Index
1173