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Tables of Contents for Fiber Optical Communication Devices
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Characteristics of Optical Communication Networks
1
20
Sonny Johansson
Erland Almstrom
Optical Network Issues
1
2
Long-Haul Networks
3
1
WDM Networking
4
2
Connection Patterns
6
2
Optical Network Protection
8
4
Protection Schemes
8
2
Ring Protection
10
2
Optical Network Elements
12
9
Optical WDM Terminal Multiplexer
12
2
Optical WDM Add/Drop Multiplexers
14
2
Optical WDM Cross-Connects
16
2
References
18
3
The Optical Fibre
21
50
Real Vallee
Introduction
21
1
Waveguiding Properties
22
17
Basic Concepts and Parameters
22
5
Basic Equations for the Step-Index Fibre
27
10
Graded-Index Fibres
37
2
Fibre Materials
39
2
Silicate Glasses
39
1
Plastics
40
1
Basic Optical Properties
41
9
Losses
41
3
Dispersion
44
4
Polarisation
48
2
Nonlinear Optical Properties
50
13
Stimulated Scattering Processes
51
6
Third-Order Nonlinear Parametric Processes
57
3
Photosensitivity
60
3
Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibres
63
8
Derivation of the Wave Equation for the Pulse Envelope
63
2
Solution of the Envelope Wave Equation: The Soliton
65
2
References
67
4
Transmitters
71
46
Herbert Burkhard
Stefan Hansmann
Introduction
71
1
Theory
72
19
Rate Equations for Single-Mode Operation
72
4
Material Properties
76
7
Steady-State Characteristics
83
2
Small-Signal Modulation Characteristics
85
4
Noise Properties
89
2
Basic Design of Semiconductor Laser Structures
91
3
Concepts of Lateral Confinement
91
3
Single-Mode Laser Structures
94
16
Coupled-Mode Theory
96
2
Basic Properties of Index-Coupled DFB Lasers
98
4
Advanced DFB Laser Structures
102
1
Gain-Coupled Lasers
103
1
Modelling of DFB Lasers
103
7
Tunable Lasers
110
7
External Cavity Laser (ECL)
110
1
Thermal Tuning
110
1
Multisection DFB Laser
111
1
DBR Laser
111
1
Tunable Twin-Guide Laser (TTG)
111
1
Codirectionally Coupled Lasers (CCL)
112
1
Y-Laser
113
1
Superstructure Grating DBR Laser or Sampled Grating Laser (SSG-Laser)
113
1
Bent-Waveguide DFB Laser (BWL)
114
1
References
114
3
Optical Photodetectors
117
34
Andre Scavennec
Louis Giraudet
Introduction
117
1
The PIN Photodiode
117
14
PIN Photodiode Operation
117
3
PIN Photodiode Characteristics
120
7
Edge-Illuminated PIN Photodiodes
127
2
Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodiodes
129
2
The Avalanche Photodiode (APD)
131
5
Characteristics of APDs
132
1
APD Noise
133
1
Structures for Improved Noise Characteristics
134
2
Photodiodes
136
5
Silicon Photodiodes
136
1
InGaAs Photodiodes
137
4
Photoreceivers
141
6
Conventional Photoreceivers
141
3
Specific Photoreceivers
144
1
OEIC Photoreceivers
144
3
Conclusion
147
4
References
148
3
Optical Amplifiers
151
46
Mikhail N. Zervas
Gerlas van den Hoven
Optical Fibre Amplifiers
152
21
Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers
152
20
Other Fibre Amplifiers
172
1
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
173
24
Optical Gain in Compound Semiconductor Materials
173
2
Basic Heterojunction Device Structure
175
2
Rate Equations, Saturation Behaviour, Noise Figure
177
4
Effect of Optical Reflections (Gain Ripple)
181
2
Gain-Clamping
183
1
General Applications of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in Communication Systems
184
1
Digital Transmission Systems
185
3
WDM Systems
188
1
Analogue Transmission Systems
189
1
Other Applications
189
2
References
191
6
Passive and Active Glass Integrated Optics Devices
197
65
Antoine Kevorkian
General Introduction
197
2
Passive Power Splitters
199
25
Splitters and Their Basic Functions
199
2
Computing Waveguide Modes
201
7
Tapers and Branches
208
1
Bends
209
2
2 x 2 Splitters
211
2
P x N Star Couplers
213
1
Ion Exchange in Glass
213
4
Characterization Methods
217
5
Performance and Reliability of Commercial Devices
222
2
Integrated Optic Yb/Er Glass Amplifiers
224
27
Introduction
224
2
Rate Equations for Yb/Er Co-doping
226
2
Propagation Equations
228
1
The Power-Transfer Equation
229
3
Yb/Er Co-doping Enhances the Inversion
232
2
Effective Inversion Coefficients
234
2
Gain of a Co-doped Waveguide Section
236
3
Adverse Effects of High Rare-Earth Concentration
239
5
Technologies and Devices
244
7
Integrated Optic Er/Yb Laser Oscillators
251
11
Continuous Wave (CW) Operation
251
5
Experimental Soliton and Q-Switch Operation
256
2
References
258
4
Wavelength-Selective Devices
262
51
Meint K. Smit
Ton Koonen
Harald Herrmann
Wolfgang Sohler
Introduction
262
3
Device Specifications
265
1
Fabry-Perot Interferometer Filters
266
5
Dielectric Interference Filters
271
2
Fibre Gratings
273
2
Grating-based Demultiplexers
275
6
PHASAR-based Devices
281
15
Introduction
281
1
Principle of Operation
282
1
Technologies
283
1
Device Characteristics
284
6
Wavelength Routeing Properties
290
1
Multiwavelength Transmitters and Receivers
291
1
Multiwavelength Add-Drop Multiplexers and Crossconnects
292
4
Integrated Acousto-Optical Devices in LiNbO3
296
17
Introduction
296
1
Basic Building Blocks
297
4
Tunable Wavelength Filters
301
2
Wavelength-selective Switches and Add-Drop Multiplexers
303
3
Applications in WDM Systems
306
1
Outlook
307
1
References
308
5
Optical Switching
313
25
R. Ian MacDonald
Ken Garrett
Philip Garel-Jones
Winfried H.G. Horsthuis
Edmond J. Murphy
Introduction
313
1
Applications
313
9
Optical Component Characterization and Testing
313
3
Test Access
316
1
Telecommunications
317
5
Technologies
322
14
Non-interferometric Switches
323
9
Interferometric Switches
332
4
Summary
336
2
References
336
2
All-Optical Time-Division Multiplexing Technology
338
38
Masatoshi Saruwatari
Role of All-Optical TDM Technology
338
1
Key Technologies for All-Optical TDM Systems
339
24
Ultrashort Optical Pulse Generation Technology
339
7
All-Optical MUX/DEMUX Technology
346
11
Optical Timing Extraction Technology
357
3
High-Speed Optical Waveform Measurement
360
3
Demonstration of OTDM and OTDM/WDM Transmission
363
13
100-400 Gbit/s OTDM Transmission Experiment
363
4
400 Gbit/s to 3 Tbit/s OTDM/WDM Transmission Experiments
367
2
References
369
7
Optical Hybrid Integrated Circuits
376
38
Yasufumi Yamada
Yuji Akahori
Hiroshi Terui
Introduction
376
2
Key Technologies for Hybrid Integration
378
11
Platform for Hybrid Integration
378
3
Passive Alignment Technique
381
5
OE-device for Hybrid Integration
386
3
Contributions of Hybrid Integration to Optical Communication Technology
389
19
Application of Hybrid-Integration Technology
389
1
Optical Module for Fibre-optic Subscriber System
390
6
Optical Module for WDM Applications
396
5
Optoelectronic Hybrid Modules for High-speed Applications
401
7
Future Prospects
408
2
Summary
410
4
References
411
3
Monolithic Integration
414
35
Herbert Venghaus
Heinz-Gunter Bach
Frank Fidorra
Helmut Heidrich
Ronald Kaiser
Carl Michael Weinert
Introductory Remarks
414
2
Waveguides
416
2
Integrated Spot-Size Converters
418
2
Monolithic Laser Integration
420
7
Vertical Laser-Waveguide Coupling
421
1
Laser-Waveguide Butt Coupling
422
4
Laser-HBT Integration
426
1
Integrated Receiver
427
5
Crosstalk
432
3
Electrical Crosstalk
432
2
Optical Crosstalk
434
1
Thermal Crosstalk
435
1
Current Status of Optoelectronic Integration
435
6
Outlook
441
8
References
442
7
Biographical Notes
449
8
Index
457