search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Crop Yield
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Physiological Control of Growth and Yield in Wheat: Analysis and Synthesis
1
38
R.K.M. Hay
1 Introduction
1
1
2 Components of Yield
2
1
3 Wheat Development
3
4
3.1 Leaf, Spikelet and Floret Initiation at the Mainstem Apex
5
1
3.2 Leaf Appearance and Expansion; Tiller Development
6
1
4 Quantitative Aspects of Development: Canopy Generation
7
13
4.1 Germination and Crop Emergence
8
1
4.2 Leaf Appearance
8
3
4.3 Final Leaf Number
11
4
4.4 Leaf Expansion
15
2
4.5 Leaf Senescence
17
1
4.6 Tillers
17
1
4.7 Leaf Area Index
18
2
5 Leaf (Green) Area Index and the Interception of PAR
20
1
6 Radiation-Use Efficiency
21
6
6.1 Photosynthetic Efficiency of Single Leaves and Canopies
21
1
6.2 Radiation-Use Efficiency of Wheat Canopies
22
2
6.3 Variation in Radiation-Use Efficiency: Stress and Ontogeny
24
3
7 Quantitative Aspects of Development: Generation of Grain Population Density
27
4
7.1 Simulation of Organ Survival
29
1
7.2 Simulation of Grain Yield and its Components
29
2
8 Conclusions
31
2
References
33
6
Growth and Development of Oat with Special Reference to Source-Sink Interaction and Productivity
39
28
P. Peltonen-Sainio
1 Oat as a Subject for Crop-Physiological Studies
39
1
2 Phenostages and Phenophases of Oat with Agricultural Interest
40
6
2.1 Phenostages
40
4
2.2 Phenophases
44
2
3 Canopy Architecture and Function in Relation to Dry-Matter Production
46
6
3.1 Early Canopy Closure and Achievement of Optimum LAI During Formation of Yield Potential
47
1
3.2 Maintaining Efficient Interception of PAR During Grain Growth
48
4
4 Vegetative Organs as Competing Sinks During Formation and Realization of Yield Potential
52
7
4.1 Root Growth and Function: The Hidden Component of Crop Physiology
52
1
4.2 Tillers: Waste or Economic Reservoirs of Assimilates?
53
2
4.3 Stem Elongation and Effects of Plant Height on Assimilate Competition
55
1
4.4 Grain Filling as a Final Process Affecting Realization of Yield Potential
56
3
4.4.1 Increasing Grain-Filling Rate
56
2
4.4.2 Increasing Harvest Index?
58
1
5 The Need for Description of Oat Ideotypes?
59
2
References
61
6
Barley: Physiology of Yield
67
42
D.L. Smith
M. Dijak
P. Bulman
B.L. Ma
C. Hamel
1 Apex Development and Contribution to Yield
67
4
1.1 Inflorescence Development
68
3
1.1.1 Structure of the Barley Spike
68
1
1.1.2 Inflorescence Differentiation
68
1
1.1.3 Factors Affecting Apical Development
69
2
1.2 Yield Components
71
1
2 Tillering and Tiller Contribution to Grain Yield
71
4
2.1 Tillering
71
3
2.2 Tillering and Yield
74
1
2.3 Tillering: Hormonal Control and Plant Growth Regulators
74
1
3 Grain Filling
75
3
4 Carbon Metabolism
78
5
4.1 Photosynthesis and Radiation Use Efficiency
78
1
4.2 Water Use Efficiency
79
2
4.3 Harvest Index
81
1
4.4 Dry Matter Partitioning
81
2
5 Nitrogen Metabolism
83
4
5.1 Nitrogen Uptake
83
1
5.2 Nitrate and Nitrite Reductase Activity
84
1
5.3 Nitrogen Assimilation
84
1
5.4 Senescence
85
1
5.5 Amino Acid Translocation
85
1
5.6 Pattern of N Uptake
85
1
5.7 Grain Nitrogen
86
1
6 Protein Synthesis and Amino Acid Composition
87
1
7 Contribution of Preanthesis Carbon and Nitrogen to Yield
87
2
7.1 Retranslocation of Carbon During Grain Filling
87
1
7.2 Retranslocation of Nitrogen during Grain Filling
88
1
8 Phosphorus Uptake and Mycorrhizal Associations
89
1
9 Potassium Uptake
90
1
10 Plant Lodging and Growth Regulators
90
2
11 Conclusions
92
1
12 References
92
17
Rice
109
60
A.R. Sharma
D.P. Singh
1 Introduction
109
1
2 Growth and Development
110
5
2.1 Vegetative Growth
111
3
2.2 Reproductive Growth
114
1
3 Photosynthesis and Dry-Matter Production
115
5
3.1 Leaf Photosynthetic Rate
116
2
3.2 Leaf Orientation
118
1
3.3 Leaf Area
118
2
3.4 Varietal Differences
120
1
4 Environmental Control of Growth and Yield
120
8
4.1 Rainfall
120
4
4.1.1 Drought
121
1
4.1.2 Submergence
122
1
4.1.2.1 Adaptation to Prolonged Submergence
123
1
4.1.2.2 Submergence Tolerance
123
1
4.2 Temperature
124
2
4.3 Light
126
1
4.4 CO(2) Concentration
127
1
4.5 Relative Humidity and Wind Velocity
127
1
5 Yield Determining Processes
128
6
5.1 Storage of Assimilates
129
1
5.2 Determination of Yield Capacity
130
1
5.3 Partitioning and Translocation of Assimilates
131
1
5.4 Contribution of Pre-and Post-Flowering Carbohydrates to Grain Yield
131
1
5.5 Source-Sink Relationship
132
2
6 Analysis of Yield Components
134
5
6.1 Spikelet Number
135
1
6.2 Percentage of Filled Spikelets
136
2
6.3 Sterility
138
1
6.4 Grain Weight
139
1
7 Response to Cultural Factors
139
3
7.1 Method of Crop Establishment
139
2
7.2 Nitrogen Fertilization
141
1
8 Improving Yield Potential
142
6
8.1 Estimation of Yield Potential
143
1
8.2 Physiological Traits for Yield Improvement
144
4
8.2.1 Increasing Biomass Production
144
2
8.2.2 Increasing Harvest Index
146
1
8.2.2.1 Improving Sink Capacity
146
1
8.2.2.2 Improving Ripening Percentage
147
1
8.3 Yield Potential and Nitrogen Requirement
148
1
9 New Plant Types
148
7
9.1 Plant Type for Irrigated Ecosystems
149
4
9.1.1 Reduced Tillering and Large Panicles
151
1
9.1.2 Grain Size and High-Density Grains
151
1
9.1.3 Canopy and Leaf Characteristics
152
1
9.1.4 Short and Stiff Culm
152
1
9.1.5 Crop Growth Duration
153
1
9.2 Plant Types for Rain-Fed Ecosystems
153
1
9.3 Present Status of New-Plant Type Development
154
1
10 Hybrid Rice
155
2
11 Biotechnological Approaches
157
2
12 Future Directions
159
1
References
160
9
Physiology of Maize
169
36
M. Tollenaar
L.M. Dwyer
1 Introduction
169
2
1.1 History, Production, and Utilization
169
1
1.2 Taxonomy and Morphology
170
1
1.3 Agronomy and Physiology
171
1
2 Phenology
171
11
2.1 Phasic Development
171
3
2.2 Relative Maturity and Rate of Development
174
8
3 Dry Matter Accumulation
182
9
3.1 Incident Solar Radiation
182
2
3.2 Absorption of Solar Irradiance
184
4
3.2.1 Leaf Area Index
184
3
3.2.2 Canopy Extinction Coefficient
187
1
3.3 Radiation-Use Efficiency and Total Dry Matter Accumulation
188
3
4 Dry Matter Partitioning
191
4
4.1 General Source-Sink Relationships
191
1
4.2 Source Strength
192
1
4.3 Export from Leaves
193
1
4.4 Temporary Storage
194
1
4.5 Competing Demands for Nitrogen
194
1
5 Genetic Improvement
195
3
Appendix
198
1
References
199
6
Leaf Expansion and Phenological Development: Key Determinants of Sunflower Plasticity, Growth and Yield
205
30
V.O. Sadras
N. Trapani
1 Introduction
205
1
2 Phenotypic Plasticity
206
3
2.1 Yield Responses to Winter Sowing
206
2
2.2 Yield Responses to Plant Population
208
1
3 Leaf Area
209
13
3.1 Leaf Area, Light Interception and Crop Growth
211
2
3.2 Leaf Area Components
213
1
3.3 Responses of Leaf Expansion to Water Availability
214
5
3.3.1 Growth and Water Relations of Plants in Controlled Environments
215
2
3.3.2 Leaf Expansion in Field-Grown Sunflower
217
2
3.4 Effects of Nitrogen on Growth and Development
219
3
3.4.1 Effects of Nitrogen on Leaf Area
219
1
3.4.2 Leaf Expansion Rate as Affected by Nitrogen Availability: Comparison with Rate of Photosynthesis
220
2
4 Phenological Development
222
4
4.1 Phenological Pattern and Yield
222
1
4.2 Physiological Basis and Modelling of Phenological Development
223
3
4.2.1 Sowing to Emergence
224
1
4.2.2 Emergence to Anthesis
224
2
4.2.3 Anthesis to Physiological Maturity
226
1
5 Conclusions
226
2
References
228
7
Cotton: Factors Associated with Assimilation Capacity, Flower Production, Boll Set, and Yield
235
36
J.J. Heitholt
1 Introduction
235
4
1.1 General Characteristics of Yield
236
1
1.2 Relative Importance of Yield Components
237
2
2 Root and Canopy Development
239
4
2.1 Morphological Developmental Stages
240
1
2.2 Solar Radiation Interception
240
1
2.3 Canopy Architecture
241
2
3 CO(2)-Assimilation Capacity
243
3
3.1 Canopy CO(2)-Exchange Rate
243
1
3.2 Single-Leaf CO(2)-Exchange Rate
244
1
3.3 Fruiting-Form CO(2)-Exchange Rate
245
1
4 Fruiting-Form Formation
246
7
4.1 Floral Bud (Square) and Boll Retention
247
1
4.2 Physiology of Boll Retention/Shed
248
1
4.3 Flower Production and Yield
249
3
4.4 Fruit Loss and Yield Compensation
252
1
4.5 Importance of Fruiting Positions
253
1
5 Carbohydrate Metabolism and Utilization
253
1
5.1 Leaf Assimilate Physiology
253
1
5.2 Fiber Assimilate Physiology
254
1
6 Environmental Effects
254
2
6.1 Temperature
255
1
6.2 Nutrition
255
1
6.3 CO(2)-Enrichment and Yield
256
1
7 Monitoring and Management
256
2
7.1 Growth Regulators
257
1
7.2 Crop Termination
257
1
8 Breeding and Yield Physiology Research Challenges
258
1
8.1 Treatment and Genotype Comparisons
258
1
8.2 Management Intensity
259
1
9 Summary
259
1
10 Glossary of Cotton Yield Physiology Terms
260
2
References
262
9
Jute
271
16
P. Palit
1 Introduction
271
2
2 Seed: Viability and Germination
273
1
3 Seedling Growth and Initial Field Operations
274
1
4 Root System
275
1
5 Leaf Area, Light Interception and Canopy Photosynthesis
275
4
6 CO2 Metabolism and Carbon-Use Efficiency
279
1
7 Assimilate Translocation and Partitioning
280
2
8 Photoperiod and Flowering
282
1
9 Improvement of Jute Productivity: Problems and Prospects
282
1
References
283
4
Sugarcane
287
24
S.E. Lingle
1 Introduction
287
5
1.1 Economic Importance
287
1
1.2 Botanical Description
288
1
1.3 Anatomy and Morphology
288
4
2 Growth and Yield Dynamics
292
7
2.1 Stand Establishment
292
2
2.2 Growth and Sugar Accumulation
294
5
3 Sucrose Synthesis and Partitioning
299
6
3.1 Photosynthesis
299
1
3.2 Translocation and Partitioning
300
1
3.3 Stem Anatomy and Sucrose Storage
301
2
3.4 Sucrose Metabolism
303
2
4 Conclusion: Prospects for Increasing Sucrose Yield
305
1
References
306
5
Sugar Beet
311
22
T.H. Thomas
1 Introduction
311
1
2 Crop Establishment and Early Development
312
3
2.1 Seedling Establishment
312
1
2.2 Identifying Seed Vigour
313
1
2.3 Improving Seed Performance
314
1
2.4 Manipulating Seed Production
315
1
3 Leaf Growth and Development
315
2
4 Fibrous Root Development
317
1
4.1 Root Growth in the Soil
317
1
4.2 Root-to-Shoot Ratios
317
1
5 Growth and Development of the Storage Root
318
2
5.1 Anatomical Development of the Storage Root
318
1
5.2 Sucrose Accumulation
319
1
6 Photosynthesis and Growth
320
2
6.1 Carbon Fixation in the Leaf
320
1
6.2 Light and Photosynthesis
320
1
6.3 Modification of Photosynthetic Efficiency
321
1
7 Water Relations and Stress
322
1
7.1 Control of Water Uptake
322
1
7.2 Stress Tolerance
323
1
8 Assimilate Partitioning
323
3
8.1 Assimilate Movement in the Plant
323
1
8.2 Assimilate Storage in the Root
323
2
8.3 Modifying Sucrose Storage Capacity
325
1
9 Crop Growth and Sucrose Accumulation
326
1
10 Sugar Beet and Climate Change
326
1
11 Sugar beet in the Future
327
1
References
328
5
Potato
333
22
J. Vos
1 Introduction
333
1
2 The Basic Plan of the Potato Plant
334
2
3 Physiological Age and Growth Vigour
336
2