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Tables of Contents for Web Intelligence
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Web Intelligence (WI): A New Paradigm for Developing the Wisdom Web and Social Network Intelligence
1
18
Ning Zhong
Jiming Liu
Yiyu Yao
Introduction
1
1
The Wisdom Web
2
2
A Minimalist Wisdom Web Scenario
2
1
Fundamental Capabilities of the Wisdom Web
3
1
Levels of WI vs. Social Intelligence
4
3
Levels of WI vs. Social Intelligence
4
2
Social Network Intelligence for Enterprise Portals
6
1
Extensional Description of WI
7
2
An Overview of This Book
9
6
Conclusions
15
4
References
15
4
Part I. Web Agents
Agent-Based Characterization of Web Regularities
19
18
Jiming Liu
Shiwu Zhang
Yiming Ye
Introduction
19
1
Empirical Regularities on the World-Wide Web
19
1
Regularity Characterization
20
1
Problem Statements
20
1
An Overview of Foraging Agent-Based Web Characterization
21
1
Foraging Agents
21
5
Artificial Web Space
21
2
Interests of Foraging Agents
23
1
Motivational Support Aggregation
23
1
Characterization of Foraging Decisions
24
1
Motivational Support
25
1
An Outline of the Algorithm
26
1
Experiments
27
6
A Comparison with Real-World Log Data
29
1
Further Remarks
30
3
Conclusions
33
4
References
35
2
Agent-Based Composite Services in DAML-S: the Behavior-Oriented Design of an Intelligent Semantic Web
37
22
Joanna J. Bryson
David Martin
Sheila A. McIlraith
Lynn Andrea Stein
Introduction: Intelligence and the Semantic Web
37
2
Definitions: Agents and Services
39
1
Bringing Services onto the Semantic Web
40
4
DAML-S Processes
42
2
Semantic Web Development and Software Agent Architecture
44
3
Modularity
45
1
Action Selection
46
1
Web Services as Agent Behavior
47
2
Services as Behavior Modules
47
1
Composite Services as Action Selection
47
1
Program, Agent, or Multi-Agent System?
48
1
Implications for DAML-S
49
4
Data
49
1
Primitives
50
1
Sequences
50
1
Basic Reactive Plans
51
1
Agent-Level Control
52
1
Conclusions
53
1
Appendix A -- Basic Reactive Plans
54
5
References
56
3
Designing Scenarios for Social Agents
59
18
Toru Ishida
Hideyuki Nakanishi
Introduction
59
1
Describing Scenarios
60
3
Overview
60
1
Cue and Action
60
1
Guarded Command
61
1
Scenario
62
1
Agent
63
1
Q for Legacy Agents
63
5
Microsoft Agents
63
4
FreeWalk Agents
67
1
Designing Scenarios
68
2
Q Architecture
68
1
Design Process
69
1
Applying Scenarios
70
4
Crisis-Management Simulation
71
2
Social Psychological Study of Agents
73
1
Conclusions
74
3
References
76
1
Using Agent Technology to Improve the Quality of Web-Based Education
77
28
W. Lewis Johnson
Introduction
77
1
Why Guidebots?
78
2
The Generic ADE Architecture
80
2
Hypothesis-Based Reasoning
82
8
Selecting the Next Evidence-Gathering Step
84
1
Modeling the Student's Knowledge
85
1
The Student Guidebot Dialogue
85
5
Student Evaluations
90
1
Generalizing the Work
90
6
Virtual Presenters
91
3
Infrastructure for Simulation Management and Automated Assessment
94
2
Future Challenges
96
2
Conclusions
98
7
References
99
6
Part II. Web Mining and Farming
Discovering Business Intelligence Information by Comparing Company Web Sites
105
23
Bing Liu
Yiming Ma
Philip S. Yu
Introduction
105
4
Interestingness Measures
107
1
Summary of the Proposed Approach
108
1
Vector Space Representation and Association Rule Mining
109
2
Vector Space Representation of Text Documents
109
1
Finding Concepts Using Association Rule Mining
110
1
Proposed Techniques
111
5
Comparing Two Web Sites
111
4
Incorporating the User's Existing Knowledge
115
1
System Architecture
116
1
A Running Example
117
4
Evaluation
121
2
Application experiences
121
1
Efficiency
122
1
Related Work
123
2
Conclusions
125
3
References
125
3
Discovery of Indirect Associations from Web Usage Data
128
25
Pang-Ning Tan
Vipin Kumar
Introduction
128
5
Related Work
132
1
Preliminaries
133
6
Definition
133
2
NonSequential Indirect Association
135
2
Sequential Indirect Association
137
2
Implementation
139
3
The INDIRECT Algorithm
139
1
Combining Indirect Associations
140
2
Experimental Evaluation
142
6
Non-sequential Indirect Association
142
2
Sequential Indirect Association
144
2
Performance
146
2
Threshold Selection
148
1
Conclusions
148
5
References
150
3
Knowledge-Based Wrapper Induction for Intelligent Web Information Extraction
153
20
Jaeyoung Yang
Joongmin Choi
Introduction
153
3
Classification of Wrapper Generation
153
2
Our Approach
155
1
XTROS System Overview
156
1
Domain Knowledge Specification by XML
157
3
Knowledge-Based Wrapper Generation
160
4
Converting HTML Sources into Logical Lines
160
1
Determining the Meaning of Logical Lines
160
1
Finding the Most Frequent Pattern
161
2
Constructing an XML-Based Wrapper
163
1
Interpreting the Wrapper
164
1
Implementation and Evaluation
164
7
Conclusions
171
2
References
171
2
Web Log Mining
173
24
Zhiyong Lu
Yiyu Yao
Ning Zhong
Introduction
173
1
Overview of Web Mining
174
3
Classification of Web Mining
174
1
Web Content Mining
175
1
Web Structure Mining
176
1
Web Usage/Log Mining
176
1
Combinations of Web Content, Structure, and Usage Mining
177
1
Data Preparation
177
6
Data Collection
178
2
Data Preprocessing
180
1
Data Abstraction
180
3
Data Mining and Pattern Analysis
183
3
Statistical Information
183
1
Association Rules
183
1
Classification and Clustering
184
1
Sequential Patterns
185
1
Dependency Modeling
185
1
Data Warehousing and OLAP
185
1
Pattern and Rule Evaluation
186
1
Applications
186
3
Web Pre-fetching and Caching
187
1
Improved Website Design and Organization
187
1
Web Personalization and Recommendation
187
1
Adaptive Websites and Pages
188
1
Intelligent Web Agents
189
1
Conclusions
189
8
References
189
8
Part III. Web Information Retrieval
Personalized and Focused Web Spiders
197
21
Michael Chau
Hsinchun Chen
Introduction
197
6
Web Spider Research
197
1
Applications of Web Spiders
198
1
Analysis of Web Content and Structure
199
3
Graph Traversal Algorithms
202
1
Web Spiders for Personal Search
203
3
Personal Web Spiders
203
2
Case Study
205
1
Using Web Spiders to Create Specialized Search Engines
206
5
Specialized Search Engines
207
1
Focused Spidering Algorithms for Specialized Search Engines
207
1
Case Study
208
3
Conclusions
211
1
Appendix A: URLs of Spiders and Search Engines
212
6
References
213
5
Exploiting the Web as Parallel Corpora for Cross-Language Information Retrieval
218
25
Jian-Yun Nie
Jiang Chen
Introduction
218
3
Query Translation
219
1
The Need for Parallel Corpora
220
1
Mining for Parallel Texts - PTMiner
221
8
General Principle of Automatic Mining
221
2
Identification of Candidate Websites
223
1
File Name Fetching
224
1
Host Crawling
224
1
Pair Scan by Names
225
1
Filtering by Content
226
1
PTMiner Implementation
227
1
Generated Corpora
228
1
Training Statistical Translation Models on Parallel Corpora
229
3
Sentence Alignment
229
1
Processing of Words
230
1
Model Training
231
1
Evaluation of the Translation Models
232
2
CLIR Experiments
234
3
English-French CLIR
234
1
English-Chinese CLIR
235
1
Discussions
236
1
Conclusions
237
6
References
238
5
Part IV. Web Knowledge Management
Knowledge Representation, Sharing, and Retrieval on the Web
243
34
Philippe Martin
Introduction
243
3
Elements and Landmarks of Knowledge Representation and Sharing on the Web
246
6
Exchange Formats and Programming Interfaces
246
1
Ontologies and Knowledge Bases
247
1
Ontology Servers
248
2
Knowledge Within Web Documents
250
2
Requirements for a Viable Semantic Web
252
11
Need for a Standard Library of Ontological Primitives
252
1
Need for Expressive Notations
253
1
Need for High-Level (and Expressive) Notations
254
2
Need for Lexical/Structural/Ontological Conventions
256
2
Need for Flexible Ways to Refer to a Category
258
3
Need for a Shared Natural Language Ontology
261
1
Need for More Centralization
262
1
Mechanisms for Cooperatively Editing a Shared KB
263
2
Control on Graph Additions
265
1
Search Interfaces and Mechanisms
265
8
Searching Categories and Links
267
1
Accessing or Adding Graphs Via Generated Interfaces
267
3
Mechanisms for Searching Graphs
270
3
Conclusions
273
4
References
275
2
On-To-Knowledge: Semantic Web-Enabled Knowledge Management
277
24
York Sure
Hans Akkermans
Jeen Broekstra
John Davies
Ying Ding
Alistair Duke
Robert Engels
Dieter Fensel
Ian Horrocks
Victor Iosif
Arjohn Kampman
Atanas Kiryakov
Michel Klein
Thorsten Lau
Damyan Ognyanov
Ulrich Reimer
Kiril Simov
Rudi Studer
Jos van der Meer
Frank van Harmelen
Introduction
277
2
Tool Environment for Ontology-Based Knowledge Management
279
11
RDFferret: Full Text Searching plus RDF Querying
280
1
OntoShare: Community Support
281
1
Spectacle: Information Presentation
281
2
OntoEdit: Ontology Development
283
2
Ontology Middleware Module: Integration Platform
285
2
Onto View: Change Management for Ontologies
287
1
Sesame: Repository for Ontologies and Data
288
1
CORPORUM: Information Extraction
289
1
OIL: Inference Layer for the Semantic World-Wide Web
290
4
Combining Description Logics with Frame Languages
290
1
Web Interface
291
1
Layering
292
1
Current Status
293
1
Future Developments
293
1
Business Applications in Semantic Information Access
294
3
On-To-Knowledge Methodology
294
2
Information Search
296
1
Skills Management
296
1
Exchanging Knowledge in a Virtual Organization
296
1
Conclusions
297
4
References
299
2
Ontology Learning Part One --- on Discovering Taxonomic Relations from the Web
301
22
Alexander Maedche
Viktor Pekar
Steffen Staab
Introduction
301
1
Survey of Symbolic Approaches
302
2
Extraction of Taxonomic Relations
302
2
Refinement of Taxonomic Relations
304
1
Survey of Statistics-Based Approaches
304
6
Statistics-Based Extraction of Taxonomic Relations
305
4
Statistics-Based Refinement of Taxonomic Relations
309
1
Making Use of the Structure of the Ontology
310
2
Tree Descending Algorithm
310
1
Tree Ascending Algorithm
311
1
Data and Settings of the Experiments
312
1
Evaluation Method
313
1
Results
313
4
Conclusions
317
6
References
318
5
Part V. Infrastructure for Web Intelligent Systems
Algorithmic Aspects of Web Intelligent Systems
323
22
Dimitrios Kalles
Athanasios Papagelis
Christos Zaroliagis
Introduction
323
2
An Overview of the System
325
7
User Interface
325
3
Performance
328
3
Users and Authentication Techniques
331
1
Agent's Inference Engine
331
1
Algorithms
332
11
Data Characteristics and Generic Handling Techniques
332
1
Choosing the Next Document
333
2
Finding Interesting Object Collections and Predicting Votes by Matching Users
335
1
Finding an Interesting Documents Collection and Predicting Votes Using Naive Bayes Analysis
336
2
Matching Related Documents
338
5
Conclusions
343
2
References
343
2
Web Document Prefetching on the Internet
345
22
Xin Chen
Xiaodong Zhang
Introduction: Prefetching at Different Stages
345
2
DNS Prefetching
345
1
TCP Connection Prefetching
345
1
Content Prefetching
346
1
Conditions of Content Prefetching
347
1
History Information for Prefetching
347
1
Expiration Time
347
1
Time for Prefetching
347
1
Classifying Prefetching Methods
348
5
Client-Based Prefetching
348
1
Proxy-Based Prefetching
349
1
Server-Based Prefetching
350
1
Cooperative Prefetching
351
2
Prefetching Structure and Optimization
353
4
PPM
353
2
Longest Repeating Subsequence
355
1
Popularity-Based PPM
355
2
Performance Evaluations on Prefetching
357
3
Latency Reduction Bounds
357
1
Prefetching Effects on Networks
358
1
Tradeoff Analysis
359
1
Other Variants of Prefetching
360
1
Real-Time Prediction
360
1
Prefetching for Multimedia on the Internet
360
1
Predict HTTP Requests for Dynamic Content
361
1
Related Applications
361
1
Search Engines
361
1
Recommender Systems
361
1
Conclusions
361
6
References
362
5
Part VI. Social Network Intelligence
Social Networks: From the Web to Knowledge Management
367
13
Ravi Kumar
Prabhakar Raghavan
Sridhar Rajagopalan
Andrew Tomkins
Introduction
367
1
Link Analysis of the Web
368
2
Communities on the Web
370
1
Connectivity and the Diameter of the Web
371
3
Fractal Nature of the Web
374
1
Social Networks for Knowledge Management
375
3
Enterprise Knowledge Management
377
1
Conclusions
378
2
References
378
2
A Ranking Algorithm Based on Graph Topology to Generate Reputation or Relevance
380
15
Josep M. Pujol
Ramon Sanguesa
Jordi Delgado
Introduction
380
1
Social Networks
381
2
Ranking Algorithms
383
5
Overview of Pagerank
383
1
Overview of HITS
384
1
Our Proposal: the NodeRanking Algorithm
385
2
Comparisons
387
1
Experiments About Ranking, Reputation, and Relevance
388
4
Extracting Reputation from Social Networks
388
3
Extracting Relevance from the Web
391
1
Conclusions
392
3
References
393
2
Communityware That Facilitates Knowledge Interactions
395
24
Yasuyuki Sumi
Kenji Mase
Introduction
395
3
PalmGuide: Personal Tour Assistant
398
3
Semantic Map: Visual Explorer of Community Information
401
2
AgentSalon: Facilitating Face-to-Face Conversations
403
7
Experiments and Evaluation
410
5
Related Work
415
1
Conclusions
416
3
References
417
2
Social Intelligence Design for Web Intelligence
419
19
Toyoaki Nishida
Introduction: Social Intelligence Design for Web Intelligence
419
2
Overview of Social Intelligence Design
421
4
Groups and Communities
421
1
Issues of Social Intelligence Design
422
2
Applications of Social Intelligence Design
424
1
The Traveling Conversation Model
425
1
A Broadcast-Based Approach
425
4
A Conversational Agent-Based Approach
429
2
A Smart Environment-Based Approach
431
2
Psychological Evaluation
433
2
Technical Issues
435
1
Conclusions
435
3
References
436
2
Author Index
438
1
Subject Index
439