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Tables of Contents for Schooling and the Quality of Human Capital
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
An Economic Analysis of Schooling
1
7
The Issue
1
3
Overview
4
4
The Quality of Human Capital and Economic Development
8
50
The Measurement of Human Capital in Growth Empirics
8
2
The Specification of the Stock of Human Capital
10
23
A Review of Human Capital Specification in Growth Research
10
10
Human Capital Specification: A Critique and Two Extensions
20
9
Comparison of the Different Human Capital Measures
29
4
Quality-Adjusted Human Capital and Economic Development
33
15
Two Theoretical Views on Human Capital and Economic Development
34
3
Worldwide Development Accounting Results
37
5
Evidence on the Residual
42
4
Data Recording Errors versus Specification Errors
46
2
The Benefits of High-Quality Education
48
3
Appendix: Human Capital Data and Detailed Results
51
7
The Missing Link between Expenditure and Schooling Quality
58
66
Within-Country Cross-Section Evidence: A Survey of the Literature
59
20
The Concept of the Education Production Function
59
2
Conventional Within-Country Estimates from the United States
61
5
Recent Research on Resource Endogeneity
66
9
Evidence from Developing Countries
75
4
International Cross-Section Evidence
79
5
Evidence from Previous Cross-Country Tests of Student Performance
79
1
International Variation in Expenditure and TIMSS Results
80
4
Within-Country Time-Series Evidence
84
25
Changes in the Educational Input-Output Relationship over Time
84
2
Schooling Expenditure over Time
86
13
Schooling Quality over Time
99
6
The Time-Series Evidence on Expenditure and Quality in Schooling
105
4
The Missing Resource-Performance Relation in Schooling
109
1
Appendix
110
14
Data on Schooling Expenditure, Deflators, and Student Achievement
110
12
Differences to Previous Time-Series Results for the United States
122
2
Modeling the Production of Schooling Quality
124
30
Incentives in the Public Schooling System: A Principal-Agent Problem
124
3
Institutional Economics Applied to the Schooling Sector
127
4
The Role of Institutions in the Schooling System
127
1
Agency Problems and Inefficiencies in Schooling
128
3
A Basic Model of Educational Production in Schools
131
7
The Education Production Function
132
2
Student Maximization
134
1
Government Maximization
135
1
Equilibrium
136
2
Institutions, Incentives, and Schooling Quality
138
13
Central Examinations
139
3
Distribution of Responsibilities between Schools and Administration
142
3
Distribution of Responsibilities between Administrative Levels
145
1
Teachers' Influence
146
2
Parents' Influence
148
1
Private Schools
149
2
Towards a Model of the Schooling System
151
3
The Link between Institutions and Schooling Quality
154
52
International Evidence on Institutions and Student Performance
154
2
The International Micro Database Based on TIMSS
156
7
The TIMSS International Student Achievement Test
157
2
Test Scores in Mathematics and Science as Performance Measures
159
2
Data on Student Background, Resources, and Institutions
161
1
Data Imputation
161
2
Econometric Issues in Estimating Micro Education Production Functions
163
7
Micro Education Production Functions
163
1
Consequences of Hierarchically Structured Survey Data
164
6
Microeconometric Results
170
23
Family Background and Resource Effects
170
7
Institutional Effects: TIMSS Evidence
177
6
Institutional Effects: OECD Evidence
183
7
Summary and Robustness of Microeconometric Results
190
3
Understanding Cross-Country Differences in Student Performance
193
4
Macro Education Production Functions
193
1
Country-Level Results
194
3
Institutions Matter
197
1
Appendix: The International Micro Student Performance Database
198
8
Implications for Schooling Policy
206
8
Ensuring High-Quality Schooling as Growth Policy
206
1
Making Good Use of the Money
207
2
Incentive-Based Institutional Reforms
209
5
References
214
12
Index
226