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Tables of Contents for Industrial Inorganic Chemistry
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Primary Inorganic Materials
1
186
Water
1
13
Economic Importance
1
1
Production of Potable Water
2
1
Break-Point Chlorination and Ozonization
3
1
Flocculation and Sedimentation
4
1
Filtration
5
1
Removal of Dissolved Inorganic Impurities
5
2
Activated Charcoal Treatment
7
1
Safety Chlorination
8
1
Production of Soft or Deionized Water
8
2
Production of Freshwater from Seawater and Brackish Water
10
1
Production by Multistage Flash Evaporation
10
1
Production using Reverse Osmosis
11
2
Water
13
1
Hydrogen
14
6
Economic Importance
14
1
Hydrogen Manufacture
15
1
Petrochemical Processes and Coal Gasification
15
1
Electrolysis of Water
16
1
Other Manufacturing Processes for Hydrogen
17
1
Production of Hydrogen as a Byproduct
18
1
Hydrogen Applications
18
1
Hydrogen
19
1
Hydrogen Peroxide and Inorganic Peroxo Compounds
20
9
Economic Importance
20
1
Hydrogen Peroxide
20
1
Sodium Perborate and Sodium Carbonate Perhydrate
20
1
Alkali Peroxodisulfates and Sodium Peroxide
21
1
Production
21
1
Hydrogen Peroxide
21
3
Sodium Perborate
24
1
Sodium Carbonate Perhydrate
25
1
Alkali Peroxodisulfate
26
1
Sodium Peroxide
26
1
Applications
27
1
Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Perborate and Sodium Carbonate Perhydrate
27
1
Alkali Peroxodisulfates and Sodium Peroxide
28
1
Hydrogen Peroxide and Inorganic Peroxo Compounds
28
1
Nitrogen and Nitrogen Compounds
29
36
Ammonia
29
1
Economic Importance
29
1
Synthetic Ammonia Manufacture
29
1
General Information
29
1
Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts
30
2
Synthesis Gas Production
32
7
Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Ammonia
39
2
Integrated Ammonia Synthesis Plants
41
2
Ammonia Applications
43
1
Nitrogen and Nitrogen Compounds
43
1
Hydrazine
43
1
Economic Importance
43
1
Manufacture of Hydrazine
44
1
Raschig Process
44
1
Urea Process
45
1
Bayer Process
46
1
H2O2 Process
47
1
Applications of Hydrazine
48
1
Hydrazine
49
1
Hydroxylamine
50
1
Economic Importance and Applications
50
1
Manufacture
50
1
Raschig Process
51
1
Nitrogen(II) Oxide Reduction Process
51
1
Nitrate Reduction Process (DSM/HPO-Stamicarbon)
52
1
Hydroxylamine
53
1
Nitric Acid
53
1
Economic Importance
53
1
Manufacture
53
1
Fundamentals of Nitric Acid Manufacture
53
4
Plant Types
57
1
Process Description
58
1
Manufacture of Highly Concentrated Nitric Acid
59
3
Tail Gases from Nitric Acid Manufacture
62
2
Nitric Acid Applications
64
1
Nitric Acid
65
1
Phosphorus and its Compounds
65
36
Phosphorus and Inorganic Phosphorus Compounds
65
1
Raw Materials
65
2
Products
67
1
Phosphoric Acid
67
8
Phosphoric Acid Salts
75
5
Phosphorus
80
5
Products Manufactures from Phosphorus
85
5
Phosphorus and Inorganic Phosphorus Compounds
90
1
Organophosphorus Compounds
91
1
Neutral Phosphoric Acid Esters
91
3
Phosphoric Ester Acids
94
1
Dithiophosphoric Ester Acids
94
1
Neutral Esters of Thio- and Dithio-Phosphoric Acids
95
2
Neutral Di- and Triesters of Phosphorous Acid
97
2
Phosphonic Acids
99
2
Organophosphorus Compounds
101
1
Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds
101
26
Sulfur
101
1
Occurrence
101
1
Economic Importance
102
1
Sulfur from Elemental Sulfur Deposits
102
1
Sulfur from Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide
102
1
Sulfur from Pyrites
103
1
Economic Importance
104
1
Applications
104
1
Sulfuric Acid
104
1
Economic Importance
104
1
Starting Materials for Sulfuric Acid Manufacture
105
1
Sulfuric Acid from Sulfur Dioxide
105
8
Sulfuric Acid from Waste Sulfuric Acid and Metal Sulfates
113
2
Applications of Sulfuric Acid
115
1
100% Sulfur Dioxide
116
1
100% Sulfur Trioxide
117
1
Disulfur Dichloride
118
1
Sulfur Dichloride
118
1
Thionyl chloride
119
1
Sulfuryl Chloride
119
1
Chlorosulfonic Acid
120
1
Fluorosulfonic Acid
120
1
Sulfurous Acid Salts
120
1
Sodium Thiosulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate
121
1
Sodium Dithionite and Sodium Hydroxymethanesulfinate
122
2
Hydrogen Sulfide
124
1
Sodium Sulfide
124
1
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide
125
1
Carbon Disulfide
126
1
Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds
126
1
Halogens and Halogen Compounds
127
60
Fluorine and Fluorine Compounds
127
1
Fluorspar
127
1
Fluorspar Extraction
128
1
Qualities and Utilization of Fluorspar
128
2
Fluorapatite
130
1
Fluorine and Inorganic Fluorides
130
1
Fluorine
130
2
Hydrogen Fluoride
132
6
Aluminum Fluoride
138
2
Sodium Aluminum Hexafluoride (Cryolite)
140
1
Alkali Fluorides
141
1
Hexailuorosilicates
142
1
Uranium Hexafluoride
142
1
Boron Trifluoride and Tetrafluoroboric Acid
142
1
Sulfur Hexafluoride
143
1
Organofluoro Compounds by Electrochemical Fluorination
144
1
Halogens and Halogen Compounds
145
1
Chloralkali Electrolysis, Chlorine and Sodium Hydroxide
146
1
Economic Importance
146
2
Starting Materials
148
3
Manufacturing Processes
151
1
Mercury Process
152
2
Diaphragm Process
154
3
Membrane Process
157
1
Evaluation of Mercury, Diaphragm and Membrane Processes
158
1
Applications of Chlorine and Sodium Hydroxide
159
1
Chlorine
159
1
Sodium Hydroxide
160
1
Chloralkali-Electrolysis
161
1
Hydrochloric Acid--Hydrogen Chloride
162
1
Manufacture of Hydrogen Chloride
162
1
Economic Importance of Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid
163
1
Electrolysis of Hydrochloric Acid
163
1
Non-Electrolytic Processes for the Manufacture of Chlorine from Hydrogen Chloride
164
1
Hydrochloric Acid--Hydrogen Chloride
165
1
Chlorine-Oxygen Compounds
166
1
Economic Importance
166
1
Manufacture of Chlorine-Oxygen Compounds
167
1
Hypochlorite
167
3
Chlorites
170
1
Chlorates
170
2
Perchlorates and Perchloric Acid
172
1
Chlorine Dioxide
173
1
Applications of Chlorine-Oxygen Compounds
174
1
Chlorine-Oxygen Compounds
175
1
Bromine and Bromine Compounds
175
1
Natural Deposits and Economic Importance
175
1
Manufacture of Bromine and Bromine Compounds
176
1
Bromine
176
2
Hydrogen Bromide
178
1
Alkali Bromides, Calcium Bromide, Zinc Bromide
179
1
Alkali Bromates
179
1
Applications for Bromine and Bromine Compounds
179
2
Bromine and Bromine Compounds
181
1
Iodine and Iodine Compounds
181
1
Economic Importance
181
1
Manufacture of Iodine and Iodine Compounds
182
1
Iodine
182
1
Hydrogen Iodide
183
1
Alkali Iodides
183
1
Alkali Iodates
184
1
Applications of Iodine and Iodine Compounds
184
1
Iodine and Iodine Compounds
185
2
Mineral Fertilizers
187
26
Phosphorus-Containing Fertilizers
187
9
Economic Importance
187
1
General Information
187
1
Importance of Superphosphate
188
1
Importance of Triple Superphosphate
188
1
Importance of Ammonium Phosphates
189
1
Importance of Nitrophosphates
189
1
Importance and Manufacture of Thermal (Sinter, Melt) and Basic Slag (Thomas) Phosphates
189
1
Manufacture of Phosphorus-Containing Fertilizers
190
1
Superphosphate
190
1
Triple Superphosphate
191
1
Ammonium Phosphates
192
3
Nitrophosphates
195
1
Nitrogen-Containing Fertilizers
196
9
Economic Importance
196
1
General Information
196
1
Importance of Ammonium Sulfate
l97
Importance of Ammonium Nitrate
197
1
Importance of Urea
198
1
Manufacture of Nitrogen-Containing Fertilizers
199
1
Ammonium Sulfate
199
1
Ammonium Nitrate
200
1
Urea
201
4
Potassium-Containing Fertilizers
205
8
Occurrence of Potassium Salts
205
1
Economic Importance of Potassium-Containing Fertilizers
206
2
Manufacture of Potassium-Containing Fertilizers
208
1
Potassium Chloride
208
2
Potassium Sulfate
210
1
Potassium Nitrate
210
1
Mineral Fertilizers
211
2
Metals and their Compounds
213
82
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals and their Compounds
213
33
Alkali Metals and their Compounds
213
1
General Information
213
1
Lithium and its Compounds
213
1
Natural Deposits and Economic Importance
213
1
Metallic Lithium
214
1
Lithium Compounds
214
2
Sodium and its Compounds
216
1
General Information
216
1
Metallic Sodium
217
1
Sodium Carbonate
218
4
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
222
1
Sodium Sulfate
223
2
Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate
225
1
Sodium Borates
225
2
Potassium and its Compounds
227
1
General Information
227
1
Metallic Potassium
227
1
Potassium Hydroxide
227
1
Potassium Carbonate
228
1
Alkali Metals and their Compounds
229
1
Alkaline Earth Metals and their Compounds
230
1
General Information
230
1
Beryllium and its Compounds
231
1
Magnesium and its Compounds
231
1
Natural Deposits
231
1
Metallic Magnesium
232
2
Magnesium Carbonate
234
1
Magnesium Oxide
235
1
Magnesium Chloride
236
1
Magnesium Sulfate
237
1
Calcium and its Compounds
237
1
Natural Deposits
237
1
Metallic Calcium
238
1
Calcium Carbonate
238
1
Calcium Oxide and Calcium Hydroxide
239
1
Calcium Chloride
240
1
Calcium Carbide
240
2
Strontium and its Compounds
242
1
Barium and its Compounds
242
1
Natural Deposits and Economic Importance
242
1
Barium Carbonate
243
2
Barium Sulfide
245
1
Barium Sulfate
245
1
Alkaline Earth Metals and their Compounds
245
1
Aluminum and its Compounds
246
9
General Information
246
1
Natural Deposits
247
1
Metallic Aluminum
248
1
Economic Importance
248
1
Manufacture
248
1
Applications
249
1
Aluminum Oxide and Aluminum Hydroxide
250
1
Economic Importance
250
1
Manufacture
250
1
Applications
251
1
Aluminum Sulfate
252
1
Economic Importance
252
1
Manufacture
252
1
Applications
253
1
Aluminum Chloride
253
1
Economic Importance
253
1
Manufacture
253
1
Applications
254
1
Sodium Aluminate
254
1
Aluminum and its Compounds
255
1
Chromium Compounds, and Chromium
255
14
Chromium Compounds
255
1
Economic Importance
255
2
Raw Material: Chromite
257
1
Manufacture of Chromium Compounds
258
1
Chromite Digestion to Alkali Chromates
258
2
Alkali Dichromates
260
2
Chromium(VI) Oxide (``Chromic Acid'')
262
2
Chromium(III) Oxide
264
1
Basic Chromium(III) Salts (Chrome Tanning Agents)
265
1
Applications for Chromium Compounds
266
1
Metallic Chromium
266
1
Economic Importance
266
1
Manufacture of Chromium Metal
267
1
Chemical Reduction
267
1
Electrochemical Reduction of Chrome Alum
267
1
Electrochemical Reduction of Chromium(VI) Oxide
268
1
Chromium Compounds and Chromium
268
1
Silicon and its Inorganic Compounds
269
13
Elemental Silicon
269
1
General Information and Economic Importance
269
1
Manufacture
270
1
Ferrosilicon and Metallurgical Grade Silicon
270
2
Electronic Grade Silicon (Semiconductor Silicon)
272
6
Silicon Applications
278
1
Inorganic Silicon Compounds
279
2
Silicon and its Inorganic Compounds
281
1
Manganese Compounds and Manganese
282
13
Manganese Compounds
282
1
Economic Importance
282
1
Raw Materials
283
1
Manufacture of Manganese Compounds
284
1
Manganese(II) Compounds
284
2
Manganese(II,III) Oxide (Mn3O4) and Manganese(III) Oxide (Mn2O3)
286
1
Manganese(IV) Oxide
286
3
Potassium Permanganate
289
3
Applications of Manganese Compounds
292
1
Manganese - Electrochemical Manufacture, Importance and Applications
292
1
Manganese Compounds and Manganese
293
2
Organo-Silicon Compounds
295
30
Industrially Important Organo-Silicon Compounds, Nomenclature
295
1
Industrially Important Silanes
296
9
Organohalosilanes
296
2
Industrial Important Silicon-functional Organo-Silanes
298
1
Organoalkoxysilanes
299
1
Acyloxysilanes
300
1
Oximino- and Aminoxy-Silanes
300
1
Amidosilanes, Silazanes
301
1
Organohydrogensilanes
301
1
Organofunctional Silanes
302
1
Alkenylsilanes
302
1
Halo-organosilanes
303
1
Organoaminosilanes
303
1
Organomercaptosilanes, Organosulfidosilanes
304
1
Other Organofunctional Silanes
304
1
Organo-Silicon Compounds
305
1
Silicones
305
2
Structure and Properties, Nomenclature
305
1
Economic Importance
306
1
Linear and Cyclic Polyorganosiloxanes
307
1
Manufacture
307
1
Hydrolysis
307
2
Methanolysis
309
1
Cyclization
310
1
Polymerization
310
2
Polycondensation
312
1
Industrial Realization of Polymerization
313
1
Manufacture of Branched Polysiloxanes
314
Industrial Silicone Products
307
18
Silicone Oils
307
9
Products Manufactured from Silicone Oils
316
1
Silicone Rubbers
317
1
Room Temperature Vulcanizable Single Component Silicone Rubbers
317
2
Two Component Room Temperature Vulcanizable Silicone Rubbers
319
1
Hot Vulcanizable Peroxide Crosslinkable Silicone Rubbers
320
1
Hot Vulcanizable Addition Crosslinkable Silicone Rubbers
320
2
Properties of Silicone Rubber
322
1
Silicone Resins
322
1
Silicone Copolymers, Block Copolymers and Graft Copolymers
323
1
Silicones
324
1
Inorganic Solids
325
262
Silicate Products
325
26
Glass
325
1
Economic Importance
325
1
Structure
325
1
Glass Composition
326
3
Glass Manufacture
329
1
Glass Raw Materials
329
2
Melting Process
331
1
Melting Furnaces
332
2
Forming
334
2
Glass Properties and Applications
336
1
Glass
337
1
Alkali Silicates
338
1
General and Economic Importance
338
1
Manufacture of Alkali Silicates
338
2
Applications
340
1
Alkali Silicates
340
1
Zeolites
340
1
Economic Importance
340
1
Zeolite Types
341
3
Natural Zeolites
344
1
Manufacture of Synthetic Zeolites
344
1
From Natural Raw Materials
344
1
From Synthetic Raw Materials
344
2
Modification of Synthetic Zeolites by Ion Exchange
346
1
Forming of Zeolites
346
1
Dehydration of Zeolites
347
1
Applications for Zeolites
347
1
As Ion Exchangers
347
1
As an Adsorption Agent
347
1
For Separation Processes
348
1
As Catalysts
349
1
Miscellaneous Applications
349
1
Zeolites
350
1
Inorganic Fibers
351
45
Introduction
351
1
Definitions, Manufacture and Processing
351
1
Economic Importance
352
1
Properties
352
2
Classification and Applications
354
1
Physiological Aspects
354
2
Asbestos Fibers
356
1
General and Economic Importance
356
3
Occurrence and Extraction
359
2
Applications of Asbestos Fibers
361
3
Textile Glass Fibers
364
1
General and Economic Importance
364
2
Manufacture
366
3
Applications
369
1
Optical Fibers
370
2
Mineral Fiber Insulating Materials
372
1
General Information and Economic Importance
372
1
Manufacture
373
4
Applications
377
1
Carbon Fibers
377
1
General Information and Economic Importance
377
3
Manufacture and Applications
380
4
Metal Fibers
384
1
Steel and Tungsten Fibers
384
2
Boron Fibers
386
2
Ceramic Reinforcing Fibers
388
1
General information and Economic Importance
388
1
Oxide Fibers
389
2
Non-oxide Fibers
391
3
Whiskers
394
1
Inorganic Fibers
395
1
Construction Materials
396
34
General Introduction
396
1
Lime
397
1
Economic Importance
397
1
Raw Materials
398
1
Quicklime
398
2
Slaked Lime
400
1
Wet Slaking of Quicklime
400
1
Dry Slaking of Quicklime
401
1
Lime Hydrate from Calcium Carbide
401
1
Steam-Hardened Construction Materials
402
1
Applications of Lime
402
1
Cement
403
1
Economic Importance
403
1
Composition of Cements
404
1
Portland Cement
405
1
Raw Materials
405
1
Composition of Portland Cement Clinkers
405
1
Manufacture of Portland Cement
405
4
Applications of Portland Cement
409
1
Slag Cement
409
1
Pozzolan Cements
410
1
Alumina Cement
411
1
Asbestos Cement
411
1
Miscellaneous Cement Types
411
1
Processes in the Solidification of Cement
412
3
Gypsum
415
1
Economic Importance
415
1
Modifications of Calcium Sulfate
416
2
Natural Gypsum
418
2
Natural Anhydrite
420
1
Fluoroanhydrite
420
1
Byproduct Gypsum
420
1
Byproduct Gypsum from the Manufacture and Purification of Organic Acids
420
1
Byproduct Gypsum from Flue Gas Desulfurization
421
1
Phosphogypsum
421
2
Processes in the Setting of Plaster
423
1
Coarse Ceramic Products for the Construction Industry
424
1
Expanded Products
425
1
General Information
425
1
Expanded Products from Clays and Shales
425
1
Raw Materials
425
3
Gas-forming Reactions in the Manufacture of Expanded Products
428
1
Manufacture of Expanded Products
429
1
Expanded Products from Glasses (Foam Glass)
430
1
Applications of Expanded Products
430
1
Construction Materials
431
Enamel
430
13
General Information
432
1
Classification of Enamels
433
4
Enamel Frit Manufacture
437
1
Raw Materials
437
1
Smelting of Frits
437
1
Enameling
438
1
Production of Coatable Systems
438
1
Coating Processes
439
1
Wet Application Processes
439
1
Dry Application Processes
440
1
Stoving of Enamels
441
1
Applications of Enamel
442
1
Enamel
442
1
Ceramics
443
41
General Information
443
1
Classification of Ceramic Products
443
1
General Process Steps in the Manufacture of Ceramics
444
1
Clay Ceramic Products
445
1
Composition and Raw Materials
445
2
Extraction and Treatment of Raw Kaolin
447
1
Manufacture of Clay Ceramic Batches
447
1
Forming Processes
448
1
Casting Processes
449
1
Plastic Forming
450
1
Forming by Powder Pressing
451
1
Drying Processes
452
1
Firing of Ceramics
452
1
Physical-Chemical Processes
452
2
Firing Conditions
454
1
Glazes
455
1
Properties and Applications of Clay Ceramic Products
455
1
Fine Earthenware
455
1
Stoneware
456
1
Porcelain
456
1
Rapidly Fired Porcelain
457
1
Economic Importance of Clay Ceramic Products
458
1
Specialty Ceramic Products
458
1
Oxide Ceramics
458
1
General Information
458
2
Aluminum Oxide
460
1
Zirconium Oxide
461
1
Beryllium Oxide
462
1
Uranium Oxide and Thorium Oxide
462
1
Other Oxide Ceramics
463
1
Electro- and Magneto-Ceramics
464
1
Titanates
464
1
Ferrites
465
3
Refractory Ceramics
468
1
Definition and Classification
468
2
Alumina-Rich Products
470
1
Fireclay Products
470
1
Silicate Products
471
1
Basic Products
472
1
Specialty Refractory Products
473
1
Economic Importance
473
1
Nonoxide Ceramics
474
1
Economic Importance
475
1
Manufacturing Processes for Silicon Carbide
475
2
Refractory Silicon Carbide Products
477
1
Fine Ceramic Silicon Carbide Products
477
1
Fine Silicon Nitride Ceramic Products
478
2
Manufacture and Properties of Boron Carbide
480
1
Manufacture and Properties of Boron Nitride
481
1
Manufacture and Properties of Aluminum Nitride
482
1
Ceramics
482
2
Metallic Hard Materials
484
12
General Information
484
1
General Manufacturing Processes and Properties of Metal Carbides
485
2
Carbides of the Subgroup of the IVth Group
487
1
Titanium Carbide
487
1
Zirconium Carbide and Hafnium Carbide
488
1
Carbides of the Subgroup of the Vth Group
488
1
Vanadium Carbide
488
1
Niobium Carbide and Tantalum Carbide
488
1
Carbides of the Subgroup of the VIth Group
489
1
Chromium Carbide
489
1
Molybdenum Carbide
489
1
Tungsten Carbide
489
1
Cemented Carbides Based on Tungsten Carbide
490
1
Thorium Carbide and Uranium Carbide
491
1
Metal Nitrides
492
1
Metal Borides
493
1
Metal Silicides
494
1
Metallic Hard Materials
495
1
Carbon Modifications
496
39
Introduction
496
1
Diamond
496
1
Economic Importance
496
1
Mining of Natural Diamonds
497
1
Manufacture of Synthetic Diamonds
498
2
Properties and Applications
500
1
Natural Graphite
500
1
Economic Importance
500
2
Natural Deposits and Mining
502
1
Properties and Applications
503
2
Large Scale Production of Synthetic Carbon and Synthetic Graphite
505
1
Economic Importance
505
1
General Information about Manufacture
505
1
Manufacture of Synthetic Carbon
506
1
Raw Materials
506
1
Processing
507
1
Densification and Forming
507
1
Carbonization
508
1
Graphitization of Synthetic Carbon
509
1
General Information
509
1
Acheson Process
509
1
Castner Process
510
1
Other Graphitization Processes
510
1
Purifcation Graphitization
511
1
Impregnation and Processing of Carbon and Graphite Articles
511
1
Properties and Applications
512
1
Special Types of Carbon and Graphite
513
1
Pyrolytic Carbon and Pyrolytic Graphite
513
2
Glassy Carbon and Foamed Carbon
515
1
Graphite Foils and Membranes
516
1
Carbon Black
517
1
Economic Importance
518
1
Manufacture
518
1
General Information
518
1
Pyrolysis Processes in the Presence of Oxygen
519
3
Pyrolysis Processes in the Absence of Oxygen
522
1
Posttreatment
523
1
Properties and Applications
524
3
Activated Carbon
527
1
Economic Importance
527
1
Manufacture
528
General Information
8
521
Activated Carbon by ``Chemical Activation''
529
1
Activated Carbon by ``Gas Activation''
530
2
Reactivation and Regeneration of Used Activated Carbon
532
1
Applications of Activated Carbon
532
2
Carbon Modifications
534
1
Fillers
535
13
General Information
535
1
Economic Importance
536
1
Natural Fillers
536
1
Silicon-Based Fillers
536
2
Other Natural Fibers
538
1
Beneficiation of Natural Fillers
538
1
Synthetic Fillers
539
1
Silicas and Silicates
539
1
Pyrogenic Silicas
539
1
Wet Chemically Manufactured Silicas and Silicates
540
1
Posttreatment of Silicas
541
1
Glasses
542
1
Cristobalite
542
1
Aluminum Hydroxide
542
1
Carbonates
543
1
Sulfates
544
1
Other Synthetic Fillers
545
1
Properties and Applications
545
1
Fillers
546
2
Inorganic Pigments
548
39
General Information and Economic Importance
548
4
White Pigments
552
1
General Information
552
1
Titanium Dioxide Pigments
553
1
Economic Importance
553
1
Raw Materials for TiO2 Pigments
553
2
Manufacturing Processes for TiO2 Pigments
555
3
Applications for TiO2 Pigments
558
1
Lithopone and Zinc Sulfide Pigments
559
1
Zinc Oxide White Pigments
560
1
Manufacture
560
1
Applications
561
1
Colored Pigments
561
1
Iron Oxide Pigments
561
1
Natural Iron Oxide Pigments
561
2
Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments
563
4
Chromium(III) Oxide Pigments
567
1
Manufacture
567
2
Properties and Applications of Chromium(III) Oxide
569
1
Chromate and Molybdate Pigments
570
1
Mixed-Metal Oxide Pigments and Ceramic Colorants
571
2
Cadmium Pigments
573
2
Cyanide Iron Blue Pigments
575
2
Ultramarine Pigments
577
1
Corrosion Protection Pigments
578
2
Luster Pigments
580
1
Metal Effect Pigments
580
1
Nacreous Pigments
581
1
Interference Pigments
581
1
Luminescent Pigments
581
1
Magnetic Pigments
582
1
General Information and Properties
582
2
Manufacture of Magnetic Pigments
584
2
Inorganic Pigments
586
1
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
587
40
Economic Importance of Nuclear Energy
587
4
General Information about the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
591
1
Availability of Uranium
592
2
Nuclear Reactor Types
594
5
General Information
594
1
Light-water Reactors
594
1
Boiling Water Reactors
594
1
Pressurized Water Reactors
595
1
Graphite-Moderated Reactors
595
1
Gas-Cooled
595
2
Light-Water Cooled
597
1
Heavy-Water Reactors
597
1
Fast Breeder Reactors
598
1
Nuclear Fuel Production
599
16
Production of Uranium Concentrates (``Yellow Cake'')
600
1
Uranium from Uranium Ores
600
1
Leaching Processes
600
2
Separation of Uranium from the Leaching Solutions
602
1
Manufacture of Marketable Uranium Compounds (``Yellow Cake'')
603
2
Uranium from Phosphate Ores and Wet Phosphoric Acid
605
1
Uranium from Seawater
606
1
Conversion of Uranium Concentrates to Uranium Hexafluoride
607
1
General Information
607
1
Wet Process for Uranium(VI) Fluoride Manufacture
607
2
Dry Process for Uranium(VI) Fluoride Manufacture
609
1
235U-Enrichment
609
1
Reconversion of Uranium(VI) Fluoride into Nuclear Fuel
610
1
Into Uranium(IV) Oxide
610
1
General Information
610
1
Uranium(IV) Oxide by Wet Processes
611
1
Uranium(IV) Oxide by the Dry (IDR) Process
612
1
Manufacture of Uranium(IV) Oxide Pellets
612
1
Other Uranium Nuclear Fuels
613
1
Fuel Element Manufacture
614
1
Disposal of Waste from Nuclear Power Stations
615
12
General Information
615
2
Stages in Nuclear Waste Disposal
617
1
Interim Storage of Spent Fuel Elements
617
1
Reprocessing of Spent Fuel Elements
617
3
Further Processing of Uranium and Plutonium Solutions
620
1
Treatment of Radioactive Waste
621
2
Permanent Storage of Radioactive Waste
623
1
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
624
3
Abbreviations Index
627
4
Subject Index
631