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Tables of Contents for Multiple Sclerosis
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
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Introduction
Definition and historical aspects
What is multiple sclerosis?
What happens at the beginning?
Where did the story start?
Epidemiology and etiology
How common is MS?
Where and who does MS strike?
What else might contribute to the onset of MS?
If it's in the family, will I get MS?
The pathological evolution of the lesion
What happens in the acute lesion of MS?
What happens in the older lesion?
The diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
What are the principles involved in making a diagnosis of MS?
What investigations might be helpful?
What other tests might be needed?
The role of MRI in Multiple Sclerosis
How does MRI work?
What does MRI show in established MS?
What can MRI tell us about the pathology of MS?
How can MRI help with diagnosis?
Can MRI help prognostication in clinically isolated syndromes?
How good is MRI in different parts of the CNS?
How does MRI help in monitoring MS?
The clinical patterns of Multiple Sclerosis
How do we classify patients with MS?
Is disability inevitable?
What is the worst that can happen?
But what usually happens?
What is meant by the progressive phase?
What is primary progressive MS?
The clinical manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis
How does MS usually start?
What are the commonest manifestations of MS?
Sensory symptoms
Motor symptoms
Eye movement disorders
Bladder, bowel and sexual problems.
Pain syndromes
Fatigue
Other paroxysmal symptoms
Summary and atypical features
What factors might trigger attacks?
Are there any psychological manifestations?
The prognosis for clinically isolated syndromes and Multiple Sclerosis
After one attack, what might happen next?
What are the prognositc indicators for clinically definite MS?
What is the likelihood of more severe disability or premature death?
What can be done about the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?
Overview
What can be done about sensory symptoms?
What can be done about motor symptoms?
Spasticity
Tremor
Oscillopsia
What can be done about paroxysmal symptoms?
What can be done about bladder, bowel and sexual disorders?
Bladder disturbances
Bowel problems
Sexual problems
What is available for the dreaded fatigue?
What can be done about pain syndromes?
What can be done about seizures?
Summary
What is the value of steroids in Multiple Sclerosis?
Introduction
How do steroids work in MS?
What is the clinical efficacy of steroids in MS relapses?
What is the role of steroids in progressive MS?
What is the current practice of clinical neurologists using steroids in MS?
How should steroids be given for MS relapses?
Summary
Can anything make a difference to the natural history of Multiple Sclerosis?
What should I know about the Interferon-β preparations?
Who is suitable for treatment with β-Interferon?
How is β-interferon prescribed, and administered, and what are the problems?
Which β-Interferon should we use?
What is the relevance of neutralizing antibodies?
What is the situation with respect to PP and SPMS?
Are there any alternatives to Interferon β-1a and 1b?
Azathioprine
Intravenous immune globulin
Glatiramer acetate (formerly Copolymer-1)
Summary
References