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Tables of Contents for The Bases of Chemical Thermodynamics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Thermodynamic Systems: Definitions
1
12
Introduction
1
1
Interactions of Thermodynamic Systems with their Environment
2
1
System in a State of Equilibrium
3
1
Thermal reservoir. Heat Source
4
1
Diathermal and Adiabatic Enclosures
4
1
State Function and State Variables. Intensive and Extensive Variables
4
3
Definitions and Properties
4
2
Isobaric Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. Isothermal Compressibility Coefficient
6
1
Change of a State Variable as the Result of a Thermodynamic Process
7
4
General Process
7
1
Cyclic Process
8
1
Expansion and Compression of a Gas
9
1
Mathematical Properties of a State Function
10
1
Reversible and Irreversible Processes
11
1
Equation of State
11
2
Work
13
8
Introduction
13
1
Sign Convention
13
1
Mechanical Work
14
4
Definition
14
1
Work and Volume Change
15
1
Examples
16
2
Electrical Work
18
1
Various Forms of Energy
19
1
Various Expressions for Work
20
1
First Law of Thermodynamics
21
6
Introduction
21
1
The Joule Experiment
22
1
Internal Energy. First Law
22
3
General Aspects. Expression of the First Law of Thermodynamics
22
1
Application to a Closed System
23
2
Internal Energy - A Look at the Molecular Scale
25
2
Second Law of Thermodynamics
27
38
Spontaneous Processes. Illustration at the Molecular Scale
27
4
Spatial rearrangement
27
1
Heat Transfer
28
1
A First Glance at Entropy
29
2
First Formulation of the Second Law
31
1
Carnot Cycle. Heat Engine. Thermodynamic Temperature
32
3
Carnot Cycle. Operation of an Engine
32
1
Reversible Cycles of Two Distinct Systems
33
1
Definition of the Thermodynamic Temperature
34
1
Entropy. Reversible and Irreversible Processes
35
15
Definition
35
1
Entropy is a State Function
36
2
Implications of the Second Law towards Entropy and Spontaneity of Processes
38
3
System in Contact with a Single Thermal Reservoir
41
1
System in Contact with Several Thermal Reservoirs
42
1
Other Formulations of the Second Law. Equilibrium Condition
43
1
Thermal Equilibrium
43
2
Differential Expression for the Internal Energy of a Closed System
45
1
Maximum Usable Work during a Process
46
1
Entropy Change during a Monothermal Expansion of an Ideal Gas
47
3
Carnot Cycle of an Ideal Gas
50
5
Isothermal (Reversible) Process of an Ideal Gas
50
1
Reversible Adiabatic Process of an Ideal Gas
51
1
Properties of the Cycle
52
3
Heat Engines, Refrigerators, Heat Pumps
55
3
Thermal Machines
55
1
Efficiency of an Engine
55
1
Refrigerator, Air Conditioner, Heat Pump
56
2
Internal Combustion Engine
58
2
The Otto Cycle or Beau de Rochas Cycle
58
1
Efficiency of an Engine
59
1
Other Examples
60
5
Stirling Cycle
60
3
Joule Cycle
63
2
Auxiliary Functions: Enthalpy, Helmholtz Energy, Gibbs Energy
65
24
Introduction
65
1
Closed Systems
66
2
Constant Volume Process (Isochoric Process)
66
1
Constant Pressure Process (Isobaric Process)
67
1
Characteristic Variables. Fundamental Equations. Open Systems
68
5
Generalities
68
1
Internal Energy
69
1
Enthalpy
70
1
Helmholtz Function (Helmholtz Energy, Free Energy)
70
1
Gibbs Function (Gibbs Energy, Free Enthalpy)
71
1
Chemical Potential. Summary
72
1
Maxwell's Relations
73
2
Thermodynamic Equation of State
75
3
General Case
75
2
Equation of State for an Ideal Gas
77
1
Properties of CP and CV
78
3
Relation between CP and CV
78
2
Variation of CV with Volume and of CP with Pressure
80
1
Physical Meaning of the Auxiliary Functions
81
8
Helmholtz Function (Free Energy, Helmholtz Energy)
81
3
Gibbs Function (Gibbs Energy, Free Enthalpy)
84
2
Spontaneous Evolution of a System. Equilibrium Condition
86
3
Pure Substances and Mixtures: Molar Quantities and Partial Molar Quantities
89
16
Homogeneous Functions and their Properties
89
1
Extensive Variables: Essential Property
90
1
Intensive Variables
91
2
Explicit Expressions for Various Extensive Variables
93
2
Gibbs-Duhem Equation
95
1
Partial Molar Quantities
96
4
Definition
96
1
Relation between Partial Molar Quantities
97
1
Pure Substance
98
1
Other Relations
98
2
Measurement of Partial Molar Volumes
100
5
Thermodynamics of Gases
105
28
Pure Ideal Gas
105
3
Chemical Potential of a Pure Ideal Gas
105
1
Selection of the Standard State Pressure
106
1
Mathematical Expressions of other Thermodynamic Functions of Ideal Gases
106
1
Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas due to a Change of State
107
1
Mixtures of Ideal Gases
108
8
Basic Properties, Ideal Gas Mixture
108
2
Entropy of Mixing, Gibbs and Helmholtz Energy of Mixing of Two Ideal Gases Forming an Ideal Gas Mixture
110
3
Irreversible Mixing of Two Ideal Gases
113
1
Chemical Potential of an Ideal Gas in an Ideal Gas Mixture of Two Gases
113
1
Several Gases, Partial Molar Quantities, Functions of Mixing
114
2
Pure Real Gases
116
11
Molecular Interactions in Real Gases
116
2
Chemical Potential of a Pure Real Gas
118
1
Fugacity Coefficient of a Pure Real Gas
119
1
The Virial Equation
119
1
The van der Waals Equation of State
120
4
Joule-Thomson Effect
124
3
Mixtures of Real Gases
127
3
Chemical Potential of a Real Gas in a Mixture
127
1
Variables of Mixing for Real Gases
128
2
Ideal Mixtures of Gases
130
3
General Remarks
130
2
The Lewis-Randall Rule
132
1
Systems Made up of Several Phases with No Chemical Reaction
133
20
Introduction
133
1
Differential Expressions of State Functions
134
3
Fundamental Relations
134
1
Chemical Potentials at Equilibrium
135
1
General Expressions for Open Systems
136
1
Spontaneous Transfer of a Species from One Phase to Another
137
1
The Phase Rule
138
1
Equilibrium of Two Phases of a Pure Substance
139
7
The Clapeyron Equation
139
2
Equilibrium between a Gaseous Phase and a Condensed Phase (Liquid or Solid) of a Pure Substance
141
1
Schematic Representation of some of the Thermodynamic Functions in the Vicinity of a Phase Change
142
2
Effect of an Inert Gas on the Vapor Pressure of a Pure Substance
144
1
Effect of Temperature on the Latent Heat of Phase Change and on the Equilibrium Pressure
145
1
Phase Diagram of a Pure Substance
146
7
The Solid Exists in only One Crystalline Form
146
4
The Solid May Exist in Several Crystalline Forms
150
3
Problems and Solutions Chapters 1 through 8
153
1
Index
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