search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Telemetry Systems Engineering
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xxv
Acknowledgments
xxix
Telemetry System Definition
1
24
Learning Objectives
1
1
Telemetry System Overview
2
3
Data Collection System
5
1
Multiplex System
5
6
FDM System
5
4
Pulse Code Modulation TDM
9
2
Combination of FDM and TDM
11
1
Modulator, Transmitter, and Antenna
11
1
FM/FM
12
1
PCM/FM Generation
12
1
Hybrid Systems: PCM/FM + FM/FM, PCM/FM/FM
12
1
Transmission or Waveform Channel
12
1
Antennas, Receivers with RF and IF Amplifiers, and Carrier Demodulators
13
2
Demultiplex System
15
1
Frequency Division Demultiplexing
15
1
Time Division Demultiplexing
15
1
Hybrid Systems
16
1
Data Processing, Handling, and Display
16
1
Supporting Equipment and Operations
16
2
Diversity Combining
17
1
Predetection Recording
18
1
IRIG Channel Standards
18
7
Problems
21
2
References
23
2
Analog Frequency Modulation
25
26
Learning Objectives
25
1
Single-Channel FM
26
7
Time Domain FM Carrier Model
26
1
FM Spectrum
27
1
FM Bandwidth Requirements
28
3
FM Modulation Implementation
31
1
FM Demodulation Implementation
31
2
FM/FM
33
2
FM/FM Definition
33
1
IRIG Spectrum Utilization
33
2
Systems Contaminated with Noise
35
5
Single-Channel FM
35
1
FM/FM Noise
36
4
FM/FM Multiplex Systems
40
1
PBW Channels
40
1
CBW Channels
40
1
Operational Filter Bandwidths
41
1
Receiver IF Bandwidth
41
1
Video Filter Bandwidth
41
1
Development of the FM Noise Model and Signal-to-Noise Ratio
41
4
Carrier Plus Noise Model
41
1
Signal-to-Noise Ratios
42
3
Threshold
45
2
Threshold Description
46
1
Threshold Carrier Model and Description
46
1
Effect of Increasing the IF Bandwidth
47
1
Transmission Bandwidth Estimation
48
3
Problems
48
2
References
50
1
Design of FM/FM Systems
51
52
Learning Objectives
51
1
System Parameters
52
1
Design Procedure
53
4
Design Examples
57
11
PBW Channels
57
7
CBW Channels
64
4
Threshold
68
4
Signal-to-Noise Ratio for a Bandpass Filter
68
1
Threshold Design Margin
69
3
Changing the Preemphasis Schedule to Utilize Specified IF or Transmission Bandwidth
72
2
Bandwidth Utilization
72
1
Design Equations
72
2
Designing to a Specified Transmission Bandwidth
74
3
Design Process
74
3
Designing the Preemphasis Schedule for Different Values for the Dsi's
77
3
Design Equations and Procedures
77
2
Summary of the Results of Design Example 7
79
1
Designing the Preemphasis Schedule for the Minimum Transmission Bandwidth with Equal Dsi's (Concurrent All-Channel Dropout
80
4
Design Equations and Procedures
80
4
Summary of Design Examples 6 and 8
84
1
Designing the Preemphasis Schedule for All-. Channel Dropout and Unequal Dsi's
84
3
Designing the Preemphasis Schedule for Different Specified Signal-to-Noise Ratios in the Channels
87
1
Hardware Implementation of the Preemphasis Schedule
88
3
Summary of Design Procedures
91
1
IRIG BIF Specifications
91
12
Preliminary Problems
92
1
Regular Design Problems
93
9
References
102
1
Digital Communication Systems
103
18
Learning Objectives
103
1
Digital Communication System Overview
104
1
Communication System Signals
105
2
Analog Signals
105
2
Digital Signals
107
1
Quantization and A/D Conversion
107
6
Quantization Errors
107
2
Hardware Implementation of Quantizers and Analog Converters
109
4
Encoding
113
2
Design Example
115
1
PCM
115
1
Modulation
116
5
Amplitude-Shift Keying
116
1
Frequency-Shift Keying
117
1
Phase-Shift Keying
117
1
Problems
118
1
References
119
2
TM Channel Format Design
121
18
Learning Objectives
121
1
Line Coding or Transmission Format
121
5
Line Code Formats
122
2
Characteristics of the NRZ and BiΦ Line Codes
124
1
Delay Modulation Code Characteristics
125
1
Power Spectrum
125
1
Frame Design and Creation
126
6
Frame Design
126
2
Frame Creation
128
4
Frame Synchronization
132
4
False Lock
133
1
Subframe Synchronization
134
1
Minor Frame Sync Word Complement
134
1
Recycle Subframe Synchronization
134
1
Identification Subframe Synchronization
135
1
IRIG Specification Overview
136
3
IRIG Fixed Format, Type I
136
1
IRIG Type II
137
1
Problems
137
1
References
138
1
PCM/FM
139
28
Learning Objectives
139
1
PCM/FM
140
5
Time Waveform
140
1
PCM/FM Spectrum
141
1
PCM/FM Bandwidth
141
4
PCM/FM Overview
145
3
PCM/FM Transmitter System
145
1
PCM/FM Receiving System
146
2
BER in a PCM/FM System
148
4
BER in Terms of System Parameters
148
3
Comparison of PCM/FM and Noncontinuous PCM/FM
151
1
BER As a Function of Bit Rate
152
1
Bit Synchronizer Performance
152
3
PCM/FM System Design
155
1
Setting the PCM/FM Transmission and Receiver System Operating Parameters in Terms of the Bit Rate for NRZ
155
1
Design of PCM/FM for BiΦ-L (Manchester)
156
2
BER
156
1
Setting System Parameters for a Minimum BER for BiΦ
157
1
Signal-to-Noise Ratio from PCM, Including Quantization and Bit Error Noise
158
2
Actual PCM/FM Spectrum
160
7
Problems
164
1
References
165
2
Binary Phase-Shift Keying
167
28
Learning Objectives
167
1
Binary Phase-Shift Keying Model
168
2
BPSK Generation
170
1
BPSK Detection by a Correlation Receiver
170
5
No Noise
172
1
With Noise
173
2
Maximum Likelihood Detection
175
1
Bit Errors
176
2
Bit Error Probability in Terms of No and Eb
177
1
BPSK Modulation
178
1
BPSK in General
178
2
Model for General BPSK
178
2
Actual Receiving Hardware
180
2
The Receiver
180
1
The Bit Synchronizer and Matched Filter Implementation
181
1
Comparison of BERs for BPSK and PCM/FM
182
2
Q-Function
184
1
BPSK PSD
184
1
Spectrum in a Practical System
184
1
Overall Comparison Between PCM/FM and BPSK
185
1
BER
185
1
Transmission Bandwidth
185
1
Hardware Considerations
186
1
General PM Modulation
186
1
Comparison of PM and FM Modulation
187
1
FM Modulation Employing a PM Modulator
188
2
Hardware to Achieve FM with a PM Modulator
188
2
Differential Phase-Shift Keying
190
5
Problems
192
2
References
194
1
Binary Digital Communication Systems
195
24
Learning Objectives
195
1
FSK
196
11
BFSK
196
5
Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying
201
6
BPSK, a Generalized Model
207
2
A Single-Carrier Dual-Baseband Representation for BPSK
207
1
Differential Phase-Shift Keying
208
1
Performance
209
10
Filtering and Nonlinear Amplification
209
1
Bandwidth Efficiency: Spectrum, Filtering, and Bandwidth
210
3
Power Efficiency: BER Performance
213
2
Power and Bandwidth Efficiency Comparison
215
1
Problems
216
2
References
218
1
M-ary Digital Communication Systems
219
32
Learning Objectives
219
1
M-ary FSK
220
3
M-ary Nonorthogonal FSK
221
1
M-ary Orthogonal FSK
222
1
M-ary PSK
223
12
M-ary PSK Introduction
223
2
Quaternary Phase-Shift Keying (M = 4)
225
10
Feher-Patented Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying
235
7
Laboratory, Hardware, and Flight Testing of Newly Developed Spectrally Efficient Modulation Techniques
240
2
M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Amplitude and Phase Keying
242
2
M-ary QAM
243
1
Amplitude and Phase Keying
243
1
Performance
244
7
BER Versus Symbol Error Rate
244
1
Power Efficiency: BER Performance
244
1
Bandwidth Efficiency: Spectrum, Filtering, and Bandwidth
245
2
Power and Bandwidth Efficiency Comparison
247
1
Problems
248
1
References
249
2
Spread Spectrum Communication Systems
251
16
Learning Objectives
252
1
Introduction to Spread Spectrum
252
1
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
253
6
DS/BPSK Spread Spectrum
253
5
DS/QPSK Spread Spectrum
258
1
Examples of DSSS
258
1
Frequency-Hop Spread Spectrum
259
4
Slow-Frequency Hopping
260
1
Fast-Frequency Hopping
261
2
CDMA
263
4
Problems
265
1
References
266
1
Antennas and Link Analysis
267
64
Learning Objectives
267
1
Telemetry Link Overview and Components
268
7
EIRP and Transmit Power Density
269
2
Received Power
271
4
Antenna Fundamentals
275
37
Basic Antenna Theory
275
5
Radiation Patterns
280
4
Directivity and Gain
284
3
Antenna Impedance
287
3
Antenna and Wave Polarization
290
9
Common Practical Antennas
299
13
Calculation of Carrier Power
312
9
Multipath Effects
321
10
Problems
325
5
References
330
1
Conformal Antennas
331
36
Learning Objectives
331
1
Single Element Antennas
331
23
Blades
332
4
Printed Circuit Antennas
336
18
Conformal Arrays
354
13
Problems
363
3
References
366
1
Receiving Systems
367
36
Learning Objectives
367
1
Receiver Noise Figure
368
6
Thermal Noise and Equivalent Temperature
368
3
Noise Figure Definition
371
3
Noise Figure of Passive Elements with Loss
374
1
Noise Figure and Temperature of a Cascaded System
375
6
Noise Figure and Temperature Summary
377
4
Antenna Temperature
381
8
System Noise Figure
389
2
C/N and G/T
391
8
G/T Measurement
393
6
Link Margin
399
4
Problems
400
2
References
402
1
Telemetry Link RF System Design
403
28
Learning Objectives
403
1
RF Telemetry System Design
403
2
Transmitter Selection
405
1
Antenna Selection
406
1
Transmit Antennas
407
11
Pattern and Gain
408
5
Percent Spherical Coverage
413
4
Transmit Antenna VSWR
417
1
Ground Station Antennas
418
6
Pattern and Gain
420
1
Use of Diversity
421
3
Receiver Selection
424
1
System Example
425
6
Problems
428
2
References
430
1
Synchronization
431
14
Learning Objectives
431
1
Functions of the Bit Synchronizer
432
2
Bit Detector Function
432
1
Clock Extractor Function
433
1
Data Formatter Function
433
1
Control Signals
433
1
Hardware Block Implementation
434
4
Bit Detector Implementation
434
1
Clock Extractor Implementation
434
4
Frame Synchronizer
438
2
Synchronization Steps
438
1
Digital Correlator
439
1
Demultiplexer
440
5
Problems
441
2
Reference
443
2
Hybrid Systems, PCM/FM + FM/FM, PCM/FM/FM
445
26
Learning Objectives
445
1
PCM/FM + FM/FM System Design
446
8
Filter Specification
447
1
Interference
447
3
Impact of the Interference on the FM/FM Channel's Output [S/N]o
450
3
Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Composite Modulation
453
1
Carrier Deviation by the PCM Sequence and the Highest-Frequency Subcarrier
454
1
Impact of the Subcarriers on the BER of the Bit Sequence
454
1
PCM/FM + FM/FM Design Example
454
6
Constant Bandwidth Channels
454
6
PCM/FM/FM
460
11
Selecting the Subcarriers for FM/FM
461
1
Selecting the PCM Subcarrier Channel
461
1
FM/FM Preemphasis Design
462
1
Designing for the Output Signal-to-Noise in the PCM Channel
462
1
PCM/FM/FM Design Example
463
3
Problems
466
1
PCM/FM/FM Design Problems
467
2
References
469
2
Convolutional Coding for Forward Error Correction
471
22
Learning Objectives
472
1
Hamming Distance
472
1
Convolutional Encoding
473
3
Two-Stage Encoder
473
1
Convolutional Code Trellis
474
2
Free Distance of a Convolutional Code
476
1
The Code Vector
476
1
Decoding
477
1
Viterbi Decoding
478
3
Detection Decisions
481
3
Hard Decisions
482
1
Soft Decisions
482
2
Coding Gains and BERs
484
1
Asymptotic Coding Gain
485
1
Hardware Implementation
485
1
Comparison of Coded and Uncoded Systems
485
4
Relationship Between the Parameters of Coded and Uncoded Systems
486
3
Coded PCM/FM
489
1
Hardware Decoder Implementation for PCM/FM
489
4
Problems
491
1
References
492
1
Industrial Telemetry
493
32
Learning Objectives
493
1
History of Industrial Telemetry
494
11
Computers
499
2
Individual Circuits and Multidrop Circuits
501
2
Telemetry Versus SCADA Versus Process Control
503
2
Modern Industrial Applications
505
9
Petroleum Industries
505
3
Power Utility Industry
508
2
Railroad Transportation
510
1
Manufacturing
511
1
Municipal Water Supplies
511
1
Fire-Life-Safety Systems
512
1
Intelligent Transportation Systems
512
1
Telephone and Cable Network Monitoring
513
1
Industrial Communications Equipment
514
6
Temperature Measuring Devices
514
1
Fluid and Gas Flow Measuring Devices
515
1
Fluid Level Measuring Devices
516
1
Other Measuring Devices
517
1
Control Output Devices
517
1
Field Control Devices
518
1
Remote Control and Monitoring Computer Systems
519
1
Interface Equipment
520
1
Conclusions
520
5
Problems
521
2
References
523
2
Commercial Communications Techniques for Industrial Telemetry
525
18
Learning Objectives
525
1
Communications Techniques
526
10
The Analog 4- to 20-mA Current Loop
526
1
The Recommended Standards RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485
527
2
NRZ and Manchester Binary Signaling
529
2
Wireline Modems
531
3
Wireless Modems
534
1
Accessing the Channel Using Modems
535
1
Commercial Terrestrial and Satellite Communications Services
535
1
Industrial Communications Protocols
536
3
HART Protocol
537
1
Profibus
538
1
Foundation Fieldbus
538
1
The PLC and RTU Protocols
539
1
The Future of Industrial Remote Monitoring and Control
539
4
Problems
541
1
References
542
1
Industrial Security Applications
543
10
Learning Objectives
543
1
Sensors
544
1
Passive and Active Sensors
544
1
Covert and Visible Sensors
544
1
Other Classifications
545
1
Boundary Protection
545
4
Ported Coax System
546
1
Optical Cables
546
1
Microwave Sensors
546
1
Magnetic Field Sensors
547
1
Ultrasonic and Infrasonic Sensors
547
1
Video Motion Detectors
548
1
Capacitance Proximity Sensors
548
1
Alarm Assessment
549
4
Prioritized Assessment
549
1
Problems
550
1
References
551
2
Appendix A: IRIG Specifications
553
6
Appendix B: Frame Synchronization Words
559
2
Glossary
561
10
About the Authors
571
4
Index
575
<