Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Targets of Electronic Warfare Operations

A General Description of Targets of Electronic Warfare Operations

Mathematical Models of Electronic Systems as Targets of Electronic Warfare

Fundamental Principles

Mathematical Models of an Optimum Radar Receiver Working in Search Mode

Mathematical Models of an Optimum Receiver for an Electronic Tracker

Mathematical Models of Optimum Reception in Radio Communications and Radio Navigation Systems

Mathematical Models of Optimum Recognition Techniques in Electronic Systems

Mathematical Models of Automated Systems for the Control of AAD Forces as Targets of EW

Fundamental Principles

A Model of a Mass Service System with Rejects and Centralized Control

A Variant of a Multichannel Mass Service System with Decentralized Control

Mathematical Models of Automated Systems for the Control of AAD Weapons as Targets of Electronic Warfare

Fundamental Principles

Guidance Laws and Effectiveness Indicators for Control of AAD Missiles

A Model of a Kinematic Element in the Homing Circuit of a Missile

Mathematical Models of Angle Measuring Devices for Onboard Radar and Radar Homing Heads

Dynamic Errors in an Angle Measuring Device

Random Errors in an Angle Measuring Device

A Linearized Mathematical Model of a Closed Loop Circuit in a Radar Homing Head (under the Influence of Angle Noise)

References

Mathematical Models of Signals, Systems and Techniques for Electronic Jamming

A General Description of the Basic Elements of Electronic Jamming

Mathematical Models of Jamming Signals

Fundamental Principles

Destructive Jamming Signals

Mathematical Models of Masking and Deception Jamming Signals

Unmodulated Frequency and Time Masking Jamming Signals

Time and Space Masking Jamming Signals (Angle Noise)

Modulated Frequency and Time Masking Jamming Signals

The Spectral Density of a Phase-Modulated Signal

Mathematical Models of Systems and Techniques for Jamming

Mathematical Models of Electronic Jamming Techniques

References

Electronic Warfare Effectiveness Criteria

General Characteristics of the Criteria

Information Indicators of the Effectiveness of Jamming Signals, Systems and Techniques of Electronic Attack

Fundamental Concepts

Information Quality Indicators of Masking Jamming Signals, Systems and Techniques of Generating Jamming

Information Indicators of the Quality of Deception Jamming Signals

Energy Effectiveness Criteria of Jamming Signals and Techniques of Electronic Jamming

Fundamental Concepts

Energy Effectiveness Indicators of Masking and Deception Radar Jamming Signals

Energy Quality Indicators of Jamming Signals for Radar Operating in Automatic Target Tracking Mode

Operational and Tactical Indicators of EW Effectiveness

Fundamental Concepts

Effectiveness Indicators of Jamming when Conducting Military Actions Using Airborne Forces (Subdivisions) to Penetrate AAD Systems

Examples of Determining Misses

Effectiveness Indicators for Conducting EW in the Dynamics of a Battle between Homogeneous Groups of Armed Forces

Military and Economic Indicators of EW Effectiveness

References

Active Jamming of Radar--- The Jamming Equation

Fundamental Concepts

The Jamming Equation for Monostatic Radar using Active Jamming (the General Case)

The Polarization Coefficient

The Propagation Factor

The Radar Cross Section (RCS) of an Aircraft Battle Formation

Reduction of the Jamming Equation to Canonical Form --- Methods of Determining Information Damage

Specifics of the Jamming Equation using Active Jamming against Various Types of Radar

Noncoherent Radar Operating in Scan Mode

Coherent Radar Operating in Scan Mode

Pulse-Compression Radar Operating in Scan Mode

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

The Jamming Equation for Bistatic Radar using Active Jamming

The Jamming Equation in the Case of Generating Active Jamming from Battle Formations of Aircraft against a Semiactive Homing Seeker

Range of Operations of Electronic Support Measures

Particulars of Jamming Radar Using Screening Jamming with Limited Information Quality Indicators --- Use of the Jamming Equation for Analysis of the Electronic Environment

Definition of the Radar Jamming Coefficient Using Narrowband Screening Jamming with a Limited Spectrum

Definition of the Optimum Limiting Level for Direct Noise Jamming

Use of the Jamming Equation for Analysis of the Electronic Environment

References

Passive and Active-Passive Jamming --- The Jamming Equation

Types of Passive Jamming --- Chaff

The Radar Cross Section of a Half-Wave Chaff Dipole Randomly Positioned in Space

The RCS of a Hertzian Dipole

Formation Dynamics and Statistical Characteristics of Chaff Clouds

Space and time Parameters of a Chaff Cloud

The Radar Cross Section Density of a Chaff Cloud

The Fluctuation Spectrum of Signals Reflected by Chaff

The Equation for Radar Jamming Using Passive Jamming --- The Jamming Coefficient for Noncoherent Radar

The Jamming Coefficient Using Passive Jamming for Coherent Pulse-radar

Effectiveness of Radar Jamming Using Passive Jamming --- Determination of the Required Quantity of Chaff

The Width of the Concealment Area for a Standalone Radar --- Determination of the Required Quantity of Chaff

The Discrete Launching of Chaff

Attenuation of Radar Signals in a Chaff Band

Active-Passive Jamming

Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators of the Effectiveness of Passive Jamming

References

False Radar Targets and Decoys

Types of False Radar Targets, Decoys and Disposable EW Devices

Parameters Simulated by False Radar Targets and Radar Decoys

Methods of Increasing the Radar Cross Sections of False Targets and Decoys

Repeaters

Passive Reflectors

Thermal Decoys

The use of Towed and Launched Decoys

Towed Decoys

Expendable Decoys

Selecting Decoy Launch Time

References

Methods of Reducing Aircraft Detectability and Changing the Electrical Properties of the Environment

Factors Determining the Complex Nature of the Problem --- Possibilities of Reducing the Thermal Detectability of Aircraft

Modern Technologies for the Development of Aircraft with Low Radar Detectability and Problems of EW Dynamics

Radio Absorptive Coatings

Interference and Diffusion Radio Absorbing Coatings

Controlling the Scattering of Radio Waves

Potential for Reducing Radar Detectability of Aircraft Antennas --- Optimum Gain for Jammer Antennas

Potential for Reducing Radar Detectability of Aircraft Antennas

Optimum Transmitting Antenna Gain in an Aircraft (Helicopter) Jammer

Methods of Changing the Electrical Properties of the Environment

Local Changes in the Electrical Properties of the Environment to Decrease Radar Detectability

The Effect of Nuclear Explosions on the Operations of Radio Systems

References

About the Authors

Index