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Tables of Contents for Testing, Reform, and Rebellion
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Introduction
1
12
Reform by Comparison
2
2
Policy Implementation Research
4
4
Overview of the Book
8
5
Setting the Stage for Understanding the Effects of Statewide Testing
13
22
A Short History of Testing in America's Schools
14
12
The Level of Testing Stakes and Their Effects
26
3
Use of Testing as a Control Mechanism
29
4
Conclusion
33
2
Studying Statewide Testing Programs
35
18
Starting Assumptions
36
1
The Testing Programs
37
3
Research Framework
40
2
Study Design
42
9
Final Comment
51
2
High Stakes as a Stimulus for Local Action
53
38
The General Analytical Approach to Survey Data
53
1
Organizational Adjustments
54
12
Technology Adjustments
66
14
Cultural Adjustments
80
8
Conclusions
88
3
Stepping Up the Stakes and Pressure in Statewide Testing
91
18
Subsequent Developments in the Two States
92
11
Shifting the Local Focus
103
3
Stakes and the Politics of Education
106
3
A Typology of Local Responses to State-Mandated Minimum Competency Testing
109
18
Stakes, Pressure, and Response
110
7
Restating the Chapter's Central Themes
117
1
Pennsylvania Examples of Local Responses
117
5
Maryland Examples of Local Responses
122
4
Conclusions
126
1
Statewide Testing as a Tool for Reforming Education
127
22
The Call for Educational Reform
128
4
School District Responses and Reform
132
3
Educators or Policymakers as the Source of ``Blame'' for the Lack of Reform?
135
1
The Policy Misuse of Testing
135
10
Implications for Testing and Reform
145
2
Conclusion
147
2
References
149
6
Appendix A: Data Summary Charts
155
10
Appendix B: Sample Survey Questionnaire
165
10
Author Index
175
4
Subject Index
179