An Open Letter From the Former President of the United States

Jimmy Carter

Introductory Statement

C. Everett Koop, Former Surgeon General of the United States

Foreword

Sir Michael Atiyah, President of the Royal Society

1 Introduction

Robert Lanza, M.D., Editor

2 Health on Earth: Goodwill Towards Men

Sir Gordon Wolstenholme, Founder of Action in International Medicine and Former President of the Royal Society of Medicine

3 The Winds of Change

Lonnie Bristow, President of the American Medical Association

4 The Challenge of Our Times

Donna E. Shalala, U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services

5 Changes in Modern Medicine

Priscilla Kincaid-Smith, President of the World Medical Association and President of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians

6 Medicine in the Next Century

Alexander "Sandy" Macara, Chairman of the Council of the British Medical Association

7 Advances in Genetics: Gene Therapy

Robert Gallo, Chief of of Tumor Cell Biology National Cancer Institute and Adjunct Professor of Genetics at George Washington University

8 Advances in Genetics: Food and Agricultural Products

Victor Villalobos, Senior Officer of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

9 Advances in Reproductive Medicine

Duane Alexander, M.D., Director of the U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

10 AIDS

Jonathan Mann, Director of the International AIDS Center; Director of the Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University; and Founding Director of the World Health Organization's Program on AIDS

11 The Future of AIDS Research: What to Do?

Luc Montagnier, Discoverer of the AIDS Virus

12 Vaccines: What the Future Has in Store

Jonas Salk, Founder of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies; Developed the Polio Vaccine

13 Problems Introducing a New Medical Field

Linus Pauling, Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

14 Medicine Negated

Christiaan Barnard, Emeritus Professor of Surgical Science at the University of Cape Town; Performed the World's First Human Heart Transplant

15 Constraints on World Medical and Health Progress

T. Adeoye Lambo, Deputy Director-General of the World Health Organization

16 Adapt, Adopt, or Quo Vadis? A Dilemma in the Developing World

Oladipo Akinkugbe, Professor and Former Dean of Medicine at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

17 Refugee Emergencies: New Challenges for Humanitarian Action

Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

18 War and Health

Jean-Claude Mulli, International Committee of the Red Cross

19 The End of the Cold War: A Culture of Peace

Federico Mayor, Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

20 Between Enemies: Reconstruction of Civilization Away from Weapons of Mass Destruction

Carl Sagan, David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences at Cornell University

21 Climatic Changes: Understanding Global Warming

James Hansen, Director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies

22 Preserving the Earth's Biological Resources

Thomas Lovejoy, Counselor to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

23 The Tilting Balance

Paul Johnston, Ruth Stringer, and David Santillo for Greenpeace International

24 Toxic Exposure and Health: Perspective of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Lynn Goldman, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

25 Environment and Development

The Honorable Maurice Strong, Secretary-General of the 1992 U.N. Conference on Environment and Development

26 Population and Development

Nafis Sadik, Secretary-General of the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development and Executive Director of the U.N. Population Fund

27 The Bottom Line

W. Harding le Riche, Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Toronto

28 The Way Forward: Health and Human Rights

Francisco Ayala, Retiring President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Audrey Chapman, Director of the Science and Human Rights Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

29 Science and the Humanities

Thomas Kempf, Secretary of the Conference of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities

30 Goals for the Next Century: Science, Health, and the Impacts of Population, Environmental, and Social Change

Sir David Plastow, Chairman of the U.K. Medical Research Council; Sir Dai Rees, Chief Executive of the U.K. Medical Research Council, President of the European Science Foundation

31 Charting the Future: Health Goals for the Next Century

Hiroshi Nakajima, Director-General of the World Health Organization

32 Australia

The Honorable Carmen Lawrence

33 Brazil

The Honorable Adib Domingos Jatene

34 Canada

The Honorable Diane Marleau

35 France

The Honorable Simone Veil

36 India

The Honorable C. Silvera

37 Japan

The Honorable Shoichi Ide

38 Russia

The Honorable Edward Nechaev

39 United Kingdom

The Honorable Virginia Bottomley

Concluding Statement

Boutros Boutros-Ghali Secretary-General of the United Nations

About the Editor