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Tables of Contents for Interpretation of Cultural and Natural Resources
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
xiii
Preface
xv
SECTION I: INTERPRETATION
What Is It and Who Does It?
1
1
Literature Cited
2
1
What is Interpretation
3
14
Definitions
3
3
Purposes and Values of Interpretation
6
3
Ideal of Interpretation
9
1
Interpretation as Part of Recreation
10
2
Why Interpret? Philosophy of Interpretation
12
3
Literature Cited
15
2
Who Offers Interpretation?
17
40
Selected Types of Interpretive Facilities
18
8
Owners of Interpretive Facilities
26
1
Private Sector Interpretation
27
8
Local Governments
35
3
State Governments
38
1
Tribal Interpretation
39
1
Federal Agencies
40
11
Summary
51
1
Literature Cited
52
2
SECTION II: WHY INTERPRET?
Sophisticated but Poorly Informed Visitors
54
2
Literature Cited
56
1
Values to People and Society
57
18
Benefits to the Individual
57
8
Benefits to Society
65
5
Summary
70
1
Literature Cited
71
4
Values of Interpretation for Management
75
28
Myth or Real Benefit?
76
4
Does Interpretation Pay Off as a Management Tool?
80
4
Theoretical and Practical Bases for Attitude and Behavior Change
84
10
Philosophical Challenge
94
4
Summary
98
2
Literature Cited
100
3
The Clients
103
28
Serving Clients
103
2
Studying Visitor Behavior
105
2
Putting on Their Shoes
107
3
Interpreting Over Barriers
110
15
Summary
125
1
Literature Cited
126
5
SECTION III: HOW TO INTERPRET
Traditions, Principles and Challenges
131
34
Principles and Departures from Principles: Enos Mills and Freeman Tilden
132
3
Applying Teaching Theory for Interpretation
135
1
Applying Communications Theory
136
6
Roles of Interpretation
142
5
What to Interpret
147
3
Total Programming
150
2
How to Channel Interpretation
152
2
Controversial Issues Interpretation
154
7
Values of Programs
161
1
Summary
162
1
Literature Cited
163
2
Foundations: How People Learn
165
20
Receiving and Processing Information and Ideas
166
1
Major Learning Theories
167
10
Strategies for Learning
177
4
Summary
181
2
Literature Cited
183
2
Interpreting to the Masses
185
24
The Print Media
189
3
The Electronic Media
192
14
Summary
206
1
Literature Cited
207
2
The Printed Word
209
20
The Interpretive ``Library''
210
1
Writing Techniques for Effective Interpretation: A Quick Preview
210
1
How to Write Effectively
211
7
The Print Media
218
3
Design Tips
221
4
Summary
225
2
Literature Cited
227
2
Exhibits and Museums
229
48
Centers and Museums
230
2
History of Museums
232
6
What's a Museum Do?
238
4
Diverse Museums for Diverse Purposes
242
6
Museum Philosophy
248
4
How People Visit Exhibits
252
4
Museum Programming
256
1
Exhibit Planning and Design: Exhibits That Affect Visitors
257
8
Museum/Visitor Center Design
265
4
Museum Administration
269
5
Summary
274
1
Literature Cited
275
2
Self-Guiding, Nonpersonal Interpretation
277
26
``Gadgets'' or Personal Interpretation?
277
7
Self-Guiding Features
284
16
Summary
300
2
Literature Cited
302
1
Performance Interpretation
303
26
Information Desk Duty
303
4
Roving or Station Interpretation
307
2
The Interpretive Talk
309
5
Illustrated Talks
314
3
Evening Programs
317
2
Guided Travel
319
2
Approaches to Presentations
321
3
Audience Assessment
324
1
Promoting Participation
324
2
Evaluating the Performance
326
1
Summary
327
1
Literature Cited
328
1
Historical Interpretation
329
16
Authenticity
331
1
Interpretation of Common People
332
2
Ethnic and Cultural Interpretation
334
4
Methods of Historical Interpretation
338
3
Summary
341
1
Literature Cited
342
3
Arts in Interpretation
345
16
Interpretive Theater
346
5
Music
351
1
Storytelling
352
3
Art
355
1
Putting it All Together
356
1
Literature Cited
357
4
SECTION IV: HOW TO MANAGE INTERPRETATION
Interpretive Planning
361
20
What Planning Means
362
1
Terminology and Meaning
362
2
Developing an Approach to Interpreting a Natural Resource: A Consulting Strategy
364
1
The Essential Elements: Vision, Change, Conflict, Risk, Challenge
364
2
Themes and Planning
366
2
Planning Processes
368
3
Models of Interpretive Planning
371
7
Implementation
378
1
Summary
378
2
Literature Cited
380
1
The Business of Interpretation
381
18
A Framework for Interpretive Organizations
383
1
Customer Care
383
7
Constant Innovation
390
1
Turned-On People
391
2
Total Quality Management: Application of Principles
393
3
Summary
396
1
Literature Cited
397
2
Making It Pay
399
20
Commercial Interpretation
399
3
Public Interpretation--Mixed Funding
402
4
Marketing a Public Service
406
4
Fund-raising
410
4
Summary
414
2
Literature Cited
416
3
Personnel and Training
419
22
Training
419
4
Supervision
423
3
Annual Appraisal Interviews
426
1
Staffing
426
1
Professionalism
427
2
Volunteers--Getting Help from Your Friends
429
7
Friends and Community Support
436
1
Professional Associations
437
1
Summary
438
1
Literature Cited
439
2
Evaluation
441
24
Individual Performance Evaluation
445
5
Specific Program Evaluation
450
1
Total Program Analysis
451
3
Visitor Reactions
454
7
Productivity and Quality
461
2
Summary
463
1
Literature Cited
464
1
Legacy and Growth of a Profession
465
2
A View of the Past
467
5
A Vision for the Future
471
9
Interpreter Leadership in Community Life
480
5
A Profession's Self-Identification
485
2
Summary
487
2
Literature Cited
489
2
Appendix A
North American Associations Specializing in Interpretation
491
3
Study Centers
494
1
Appendix B
Selected Periodicals for Interpretive Information and Materials
495
2
Appendix C
Acknowledgments
497
2
Index
Index
499