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Tables of Contents for MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Foreword
xiii
Phyllis Franklin
CHAPTER 1: Research and Writing
2
41
1.1. The Research Paper as a Form of Exploration
2
2
1.2. The Research Paper as a Form of Writing
4
1
1.3. Selecting a Topic
4
1
1.4. Using the Library and Other Information Sources
5
15
1.4.1. Introduction to the Library
5
1
1.4.2. The Central Catalog or Central Information System
6
4
1.4.3. Reference Works
10
7
1.4.4. Location of Library Materials
17
1
1.4.5. Other Library Resources and Services
18
2
1.5. Compiling a Working Bibliography
20
4
1.6. Taking Notes
24
2
1.7. Plagiarism
26
3
1.8. Outlining
29
6
1.8.1. Working Outline
29
1
1.8.2. Thesis Statement
30
1
1.8.3. Final Outline
31
4
1.9. Writing Drafts
35
2
1.10. Language and Style
37
1
1.11. Guides to Writing
38
5
CHAPTER 2: The Mechanics of Writing
43
51
2.1. Spelling
43
1
2.1.1. Consistency
43
1
2.1.2. Word Division
43
1
2.1.3. Foreign Words
43
1
2.2. Punctuation
44
14
2.2.1. The Purpose of Punctuation
44
1
2.2.2. Commas
44
5
2.2.3. Semicolons
49
1
2.2.4. Colons
50
1
2.2.5. Dashes and Parentheses
51
1
2.2.6. Hyphens
52
2
2.2.7. Apostrophes
54
2
2.2.8. Quotation Marks
56
1
2.2.9. Square Brackets
56
1
2.2.10. Slashes
57
1
2.2.11. Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points
57
1
2.3. Italics (Underlining)
58
1
2.3.1. Words and Letters Referred to as Words and Letters
58
1
2.3.2. Foreign Words in an English Text
58
1
2.3.3. Emphasis
59
1
2.4. Names of Persons
59
2
2.4.1. First and Subsequent Uses of Names
59
1
2.4.2. Titles of Persons
60
1
2.4.3. Names of Authors and Fictional Characters
60
1
2.5. Numbers
61
4
2.5.1. Arabic Numerals
61
1
2.5.2. Use of Words or Numerals
61
1
2.5.3. Commas in Numbers
62
1
2.5.4. Percentages and Amounts of Money
63
1
2.5.5. Dates
63
1
2.5.6. Inclusive Numbers
64
1
2.5.7. Roman Numerals
65
1
2.6. Titles of Works in the Research Paper
65
7
2.6.1. Capitalization and Punctuation
65
2
2.6.2. Underlined Titles
67
1
2.6.3. Titles in Quotation Marks
68
1
2.6.4. Titles and Quotations within Titles
68
2
2.6.5. Exceptions
70
1
2.6.6. Shortened Titles
71
1
2.7. Quotations
72
11
2.7.1. Use of Quotations
72
1
2.7.2. Prose
72
2
2.7.3. Poetry
74
1
2.7.4. Drama
75
1
2.7.5. Ellipsis
76
4
2.7.6. Other Alterations of Sources
80
1
2.7.7. Punctuation with Quotations
81
2
2.8. Capitalization and Personal Names in Languages Other Than English
83
11
2.8.1. French
83
2
2.8.2. German
85
1
2.8.3. Italian
86
2
2.8.4. Spanish
88
1
2.8.5. Latin
89
5
CHAPTER 3: The Format of the Research Paper
94
10
3.1. Printing or Typing
94
1
3.2. Paper
94
1
3.3. Margins
94
1
3.4. Spacing
95
1
3.5. Heading and Title
95
1
3.6. Page Numbers
96
1
3.7. Tables and Illustrations
96
3
3.8. Corrections and Insertions
99
1
3.9. Binding
99
5
CHAPTER 4: Documentation: Preparing the List of Works Cited
104
80
4.1. Documenting Sources
104
1
4.2. MLA Style
104
2
4.3. The List of Works Cited and Other Source Lists
106
1
4.4. Placement of the List of Works Cited
107
1
4.5. Arrangement of Entries
108
1
4.6. Citing Books
109
29
4.6.1. The Basic Entry: A Book by a Single Author
109
4
4.6.2. An Anthology or a Compilation
113
1
4.6.3. Two or More Books by the Same Author
113
1
4.6.4. A Book by Two or More Authors
114
2
4.6.5. Two or More Books by the Same Authors
116
1
4.6.6. A Book by a Corporate Author
117
1
4.6.7. A Work in an Anthology
117
3
4.6.8. An Article in a Reference Book
120
1
4.6.9. An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword
121
1
4.6.10. Cross-References
122
1
4.6.11. An Anonymous Book
123
1
4.6.12. An Edition
123
1
4.6.13. A Translation
124
1
4.6.14. A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition
125
1
4.6.15. A Multivolume Work
126
3
4.6.16. A Book in a Series
129
1
4.6.17. A Republished Book
130
1
4.6.18. A Publisher's Imprint
131
1
4.6.19. A Book with Multiple Publishers
131
1
4.6.20. A Pamphlet
131
1
4.6.21. A Government Publication
132
2
4.6.22. The Published Proceedings of a Conference
134
1
4.6.23. A Book in a Language Other Than English
135
1
4.6.24. A Book Published before 1900
135
1
4.6.25. A Book without Stated Publication Information or Pagination
136
1
4.6.26. An Unpublished Dissertation
137
1
4.6.27. A Published Dissertation
137
1
4.7. Citing Articles in Periodicals
138
13
4.7.1. The Basic Entry: An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination
138
3
4.7.2. An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Pages Each Issue Separately
141
1
4.7.3. An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue Numbers
142
1
4.7.4. An Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One Series
142
1
4.7.5. An Article in a Newspaper
142
2
4.7.6. An Article in a Magazine
144
1
4.7.7. An Anonymous Article
145
1
4.7.8. An Editorial
146
1
4.7.9. A Letter to the Editor
146
1
4.7.10. A Review
146
2
4.7.11. A Serialized Article
148
1
4.7.12. An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal
148
2
4.7.13. An Article in a Microform Collection of Articles
150
1
4.7.14. An Article Reprinted in a Loose-Leaf Collection of Articles
150
1
4.8. Citing CD-ROMs and Other Portable Databases
151
9
4.8.1. Introduction
151
2
4.8.2. Material Accessed from a Periodically Published Database on CD-ROM
153
2
4.8.3. A Nonperiodical Publication on CD-ROM
155
2
4.8.4. A Publication on Diskette
157
1
4.8.5. A Publication on Magnetic Tape
158
1
4.8.6. A Work in More Than One Publication Medium
159
1
4.9. Citing Online Databases
160
8
4.9.1. Introduction
160
1
4.9.2. Material Accessed through a Computer Service
161
2
4.9.3. Material Accessed through a Computer Network
163
5
4.10. Citing Other Sources
168
16
4.10.1. A Television or Radio Program
168
1
4.10.2. A Sound Recording
169
3
4.10.3. A Film or Video Recording
172
1
4.10.4. A Performance
173
2
4.10.5. A Musical Composition
175
1
4.10.6. A Work of Art
175
1
4.10.7. A Letter, a Memo, an E-Mail Communication, or a Public Online Posting
176
2
4.10.8. An Interview
178
1
4.10.9. A Map or Chart
179
1
4.10.10. A Cartoon
179
1
4.10.11. An Advertisement
179
1
4.10.12. A Lecture, a Speech, or an Address
180
1
4.10.13. A Manuscript or Typescript
180
1
4.10.14. A Legal Source
181
3
CHAPTER 5: Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text
184
24
5.1. Parenthetical Documentation and the List of Works Cited
184
1
5.2. Information Required in Parenthetical Documentation
184
1
5.3. Readability
185
3
5.4. Sample References
188
14
5.4.1. Citing an Entire Work
188
2
5.4.2. Citing Part of an Article or of a Book
190
2
5.4.3. Citing Volume and Page Numbers of a Multivolume Work
192
1
5.4.4. Citing a Work Listed by Title
193
2
5.4.5. Citing a Work by a Corporate Author
195
1
5.4.6. Citing Two or More Works by the Same Author or Authors
196
1
5.4.7. Citing Indirect Sources
197
1
5.4.8. Citing Literary Works
198
2
5.4.9. Citing More Than One Work in a Single Parenthetical Reference
200
2
5.5. Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation
202
6
5.5.1. Content Notes
203
1
5.5.2. Bibliographic Notes
204
4
CHAPTER 6: Abbreviations
208
22
6.1. Introduction
208
1
6.2. Time Designations
209
1
6.3. Geographic Names
210
3
6.4. Common Scholarly Abbreviations
213
5
6.5. Publishers' Names
218
3
6.6. Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Proofreading and Correction
221
1
6.6.1. Selected Proofreading Symbols
221
1
6.6.2. Common Correction Symbols and Abbreviations
221
1
6.7. Titles of Literary and Religious Works
222
8
6.7.1. Bible
222
3
6.7.2. Shakespeare
225
1
6.7.3. Chaucer
226
1
6.7.4. Other Literary Works
227
3
Appendix A: Selected Reference Works by Field
230
12
A.1. Anthropology
230
1
A.2. Art
230
1
A.3. Biology
230
1
A.4. Business
231
1
A.5. Chemistry
231
1
A.6. Computer Science
232
1
A.7. Education
232
1
A.8. Environmental Sciences
233
1
A.9. Geography
233
1
A.10. Geology
234
1
A.11. History
234
1
A.12. Language and Literature
234
1
A.13. Law
235
1
A.14. Mathematics
236
1
A.15. Medicine
236
1
A.16. Music
236
1
A.17. Philosophy
237
1
A.18. Physics
237
1
A.19. Psychology
237
1
A.20. Religion
238
1
A.21. Science and Technology
238
1
A.22. Sociology
238
4
Appendix B: Other Systems of Documentation
242
21
B.1. Endnotes and Footnotes
242
14
B.1.1. Documentation Notes versus the List of Works Cited and Parenthetical References
242
1
B.1.2. Note Numbers
242
1
B.1.3. Note Form versus Bibliographic Form
243
1
B.1.4. Endnotes versus Footnotes
243
1
B.1.5. Sample First Note References: Books
244
3
B.1.6. Sample First Note References: Articles in Periodicals
247
3
B.1.7. Sample First Note References: CD-ROMs and Other Portable Databases
250
1
B.1.8. Sample First Note References: Online Databases
251
1
B.1.9. Sample First Note References: Other Sources
252
4
B.1.10. Subsequent References
256
1
B.2. Author-Date System
256
3
B.3. Number System
259
1
B.4. Specialized Style Manuals
260
3
Sample Pages of a Research Paper in MLA Style
263
4
Index
267