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Tables of Contents for Distributed Computer-Aided Engineering
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Chapter 1: Introduction
1
4
Chapter 2: Distributed Finite Element Analysis on a Network of Workstations
5
40
2.1 Introduction
5
3
2.2 FE Analysis and PCG Solution Method
8
6
2.2.1 Conjugate gradient methods
9
2
2.2.2 Element-by-element approach
11
3
2.3 Data Distribution for Distributed FE Analysis
14
16
2.3.1 Basic definitions
15
4
2.3.2 Data distribution
19
9
2.3.3 Data movement
28
2
2.4 Distributed PCG Algorithm
30
13
2.4.1 Concurrent vector operations
35
2
2.4.2 Concurrent matrix-vector product
37
4
2.4.3 Redundant computation to reduce communications
41
1
2.4.4 Coarsening the task-granularity
42
1
2.4.5 Memory requirement
43
1
2.5 Final Comments
43
2
Chapter 3: Implementation of Distributed Algorithms for Finite Element Analysis on a Network of Workstations
45
42
3.1 Introduction
45
2
3.2 Object-Oriented Data Structures
47
10
3.2.1 Modeling the hierarchy of elements
48
3
3.2.2 Knowledge base of connectivities
51
1
3.2.3 Creating a list of adjacent nodes of a node
52
3
3.2.4 List of adjacent elements of an element
55
1
3.2.5 Domain decomposition
56
1
3.3 Graphic Visualization Using Hidden Line Removal
57
3
3.3.1 Hidden line removal
59
1
3.4 Examples and Results
60
19
3.4.1 Example 1: Plane stress problem
63
9
3.4.2 Example 2: 100-story high rise building structure
72
1
3.4.3 Example 3: Taj Mahal structure
72
7
3.5 Comments on Performance
79
8
Chapter 4: Distributed Genetic Algorithms for Design Optimization
87
28
4.1 Introduction
87
2
4.2 GA-based Structural Optimization
89
6
4.2.1 Objective function evaluation
94
1
4.2.2 Genetic search procedure
95
1
4.3 Distributed Genetic Algorithm
95
11
4.3.1 Dynamic load balancing
97
9
4.3.2 Quality of search
106
1
4.4 Communication Cost and Performance Estimates
106
7
4.4.1 Granularity
107
2
4.4.2 Speedup
109
3
4.4.3 Augmented Lagrangian GA
112
1
4.5 Final Comments
113
2
Chapter 5: Distributed Genetic Algorithms on a Cluster of Workstations
115
32
5.1 Introduction
115
1
5.2 PVM System
116
2
5.3 Implementation Model
118
2
5.4 Example Structures
120
14
5.4.1 Example 1: 17-member truss
123
3
5.4.2 Example 2: Geodesic space dome truss
126
1
5.4.3 Example 3: 50-story space structure
126
8
5.4.4 Example 4: 35-story tower space structure
134
1
5.5 Performance Studies
134
11
5.5.1 Speedup
135
4
5.5.2 Processor-farming model
139
5
5.5.3 Observations regarding the PCG solver
144
1
5.6 Final Comments
145
2
Chapter 6: Concurrent Structural Optimization on a Massively Parallel Supercomputer
147
36
6.1 Introduction
147
2
6.2 GA-Based Structural Optimization
149
1
6.3 CM-5 Architecture and Computing Models
150
8
6.3.1 CM-5 architecture
150
2
6.3.2 Programming models
152
4
6.3.3 Execution models
156
2
6.4 Coarse-Grained Concurrent Genetic Algorithm
158
5
6.4.1 Virtual channels
159
1
6.4.2 Number of processors versus the size of population
160
1
6.4.3 Parallel I/O
161
2
6.5 Fine-Grained Data Parallel Fitness Function Evaluation
163
5
6.5.1 Scatter and gather operations
167
1
6.6 Examples and Results
168
7
6.6.1 Example 1: 50-story space structure
168
1
6.6.2 Example 2: 35-story tower space structure
169
3
6.6.3 Example 3: 147-story tower space structure
172
3
6.7 Performance Results
175
8
6.7.1 Overall processing time
175
1
6.7.2 Scalability
176
3
6.7.3 Iterative PCG solver
179
4
Chapter 7: Concurrent Animation of Seismic Response of Large Structures in a Heterogeneous Computing Environment
183
18
7.1 Introduction
183
2
7.2 Dynamic Analysis of Structures
185
2
7.3 Subspace Iteration Method for Eigenvalue Extraction
187
9
7.4 Graphic Animation in a Heterogeneous Environment
188
8
7.4.1 Event-driven X Window interface
194
1
7.4.2 Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM)
194
1
7.4.3 Effective communication strategy
195
1
7.5 Example
196
1
7.6 Final Comments
197
4
Chapter 8: New Directions and Final Thoughts
201
12
8.1 Introduction
201
1
8.2 Direct Versus Iterative Solvers
202
1
8.3 Hybrid Preconditioner for Large-Scale Problems
203
2
8.4 Operating Systems War: Unix versus Windows NT
205
3
8.5 VRML: 3D Visualization on the Internet
208
3
8.6 Network Infrastructure for Distributed Computing
211
1
8.7 Final Comments
212
1
References
213
14
Author Index
227
6
Subject Index
233