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Tables of Contents for Merging University Students into K-12 Science Education Reform
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
iii
Figures
vii
Tables
ix
Summary
xi
Acknowledgments
xxiii
Introduction
1
12
Standards-Based Reforms Create New Classroom Needs
3
1
The Need for Outreach Programs
4
2
Rationale for the Study
6
1
The Research Questions
7
1
Research Approach and Methodology
8
5
Program Selection
9
1
Data Collection
10
1
Data Analysis
11
1
Organization of the Report
12
1
Program Descriptions
13
7
Overview of the Programs
13
1
Program Characteristics
14
1
Description of the Different Program Approaches
15
5
Direct Classroom Enhancement Programs
15
2
Preparation Program
17
1
Teacher Researcher Programs
18
1
Remote Classroom Enhancement Programs
19
1
Development of Instructional Materials
19
1
Outreach Programs: The Perspective From K--12 Classrooms
20
20
Outreach Programs and K--12 Schools
20
1
Classroom Impacts: Teachers
21
7
Increased Collegiality Among Teachers
22
1
Teachers Spend More Time on Science Instruction
23
2
Instructional Practices Include More Hands-On, Investigative Learning
25
1
Graduate and Undergraduate Students Support Changes in Teacher Practices in a Variety of Ways
26
2
Classroom Impacts: K--12 Students
28
5
Students Demonstrate Increased Enthusiasm for and Interest in Science
28
1
Students at All Levels Are Engaged in Science Activities
29
1
Many of the Impacts Are Enhanced by Interactions with Graduate and Undergraduate Students
30
1
Impacts on Improved Science Learning Are Difficult to Measure
31
2
Challenges Faced by K--12 Schools and Communities
33
3
Outreach Programs Targeting Schools in Underserved Communities Face Unique Challenges
33
2
District Policies That Focus on Improving Math and Reading Skills Leave Little Time for Science
35
1
Strong District Leadership Is Needed to Support Changes in Science Curriculum
36
1
Concluding Thoughts
36
4
Outreach Programs: The Perspective From Institutions of Higher Education
40
15
Sponsoring Universities and Outreach Program Structure
41
1
Motivation for Participation in Outreach Programs: Graduate and Undergraduate Students
42
2
Motivation for Participation in Outreach Programs: Program Directors, Coordinators and Managers
44
2
Impact on Graduate and Undergraduate Students
46
2
Interacting with K--12 Teachers and Students Causes Students to Reassess Their Own Learning and Understanding
46
2
Partnerships with Urban Schools Provide Students with a Broader Context and Understanding of Education
48
1
Impacts on Institutions of Higher Education
48
2
Challenges Within the Universities
50
2
Lack of Support for Outreach Programs Among Science Faculty
50
1
Turf Issues Between Education and Science Faculty
51
1
Concluding Thoughts
52
3
Summary and Conclusions
55
24
Shared Characteristics Among Outreach Programs Suggest Recipe for Success
55
3
Shared Vision
55
1
Personnel
56
1
Strategic Planning
57
1
Support Infrastructure
57
1
Locality
58
1
Implications of Study
58
3
Issues for Future Study
61
5
Program Design Issues
62
1
Evaluation Issues
63
1
Implementation Issues
64
2
Appendix
A. Interview Protocols
66
4
B. Program Characteristics
70
9
Bibliography
79