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Tables of Contents for Dialect Change and Maintenance on the Outer Banks
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Figures
vi
1
List of Tables
vii
4
Preface
xi
 
Chapter 1: A Sociolinguistic Study of the Outer Banks
1
17
1.0. Introduction
1
1
1.1. The Outer Banks Dialect
2
3
1.2. Field Methods
5
5
1.2.1. Speaker Samples
7
1
1.2.2. Critical Social Factors
7
3
1.3. The Ocracoke Study
10
2
1.4. The Harkers Island Study
12
1
1.5. Data Analysis
12
3
1.6. Instrumental Analysis of Vowels
15
1
1.7. The North Carolina Language and Life Project
16
2
Chapter 2: The Sociohistorical Context of the Outer Banks
18
14
2.0. Introduction
18
1
2.1. The Origins of Outer Banks English
18
5
2.2. The Historical Context of Ocracoke
23
5
2.3. The Historical Context of Harkers Island
28
2
2.4. Conclusion
30
2
Chapter 3: A Profile of Outer Banks English
32
24
3.0. Introduction
32
1
3.1. The Lexical Affinity of Outer Banks English
33
5
3.2. The Phonological Status of Outer Banks English
38
6
3.2.1. Comparing Outer Banks English to Other American English Dialects
38
2
3.2.2. The Outer Banks English-British English Connection
40
1
3.2.3. The Alignment of Outer Banks /aj/ and /aw/
40
2
3.2.4. Other Pronunciation Comparisons
42
2
3.3. The Grammatical Status of Outer Banks English
44
5
3.4. Generational Changes in Outer Banks English
49
2
3.5. Sex as a Factor in Outer Banks English
51
3
3.6. Conclusion
54
2
Chapter 4: Subject-Verb Concord in Outer Banks English
56
19
4.0. Introduction
56
1
4.1. The Historical Development of the Outer Banks English Subject-Verb Concord System
56
4
4.1.1. Subject Type in Scots English
57
2
4.1.2. Verb Type
59
1
4.2. Subject-Verb Concord Patterns in Ocracoke English
60
7
4.2.1. Internal Constraints on Variability
62
3
4.2.2. External Constraints on Variability
65
2
4.3. Dialect Affinity and Subject-Verb Concord: Outer Banks and Appalachian English
67
7
4.3.1. Structural Similarities and Differences
68
4
4.3.2. Comparison of Change and Maintenance
72
2
4.4. Conclusion
74
1
Chapter 5: Weren't Regularization: An Alternative Concord Pattern
75
29
5.0. Variation in Finite be
75
3
5.1. The Patterning of weren't Regularization
78
11
5.1.1. Variation in Leveling
81
5
5.1.2. Leveling in Apparent Time
86
3
5.2. Levels of Explanation
89
11
5.2.1. Functional Considerations
89
3
5.2.2. The Interaction of Leveling, Resistance to Leveling, and Remorphologization
92
3
5.2.3. Phonological Explanations
95
2
5.2.4. The Sociolinguistic Significance of Leveling to weren't
97
3
5.3. Conclusion
100
4
Chapter 6: The Shifting Status of Outer Banks /aj/
104
16
6.0. Introduction
104
2
6.1. The Variable Patterning of /aj/ in Ocracoke
106
7
6.2. The Encroachment of Southern [a:]
113
3
6.3. Explaining Phonetically Implausible Constraint Hierarchies
116
4
Chapter 7: Mixing Outer Banks and Southern /XXX/
120
22
7.0. Introduction
120
2
7.1. The Phonetic Status of Traditional /XXX/
122
7
7.2. Assessing Outer Banks /XXX/
129
3
7.3. Variation and Change in /XXX/ Production
132
8
7.4. Conclusion
140
2
Chapter 8: Isolation within Isolation: An Ethnolinguistic Boundary on the Outer Banks
142
30
8.0. Introduction
142
5
8.1. A Dialect Profile of Muzel Bryant
147
19
8.1.1. Phonological Comparison
148
1
8.1.1.1. Word-Final Cluster Reduction
149
2
8.1.1.2. Postvocalic /r/ Vocalization
151
1
8.1.1.3. The /aj/ Vowel
152
3
8.1.1.4. Further Phonological Evidence
155
2
8.1.2. Morphosyntactic Diversity
157
1
8.1.2.1. Copula Absence
157
2
8.1.2.2. Subject-Verb Concord
159
3
8.1.2.3. Plural Absence
162
2
8.1.2.4. Further Grammatical Observations
164
2
8.2. On the Significance of Muzel Bryant's Dialect Alliance
166
6
Chapter 9: Dialect Awareness and the Community: A Proactive Program
172
15
9.0. Social Responsibility and Endangered Dialects
172
2
9.1. A Dialect Preservation Program
174
2
9.2. Dialect Awareness in the Schools
176
7
9.2.1. Illustrative Educational Activity
178
5
9.3. Venues for Dissemination
183
4
Appendix: Ocracoke Interview Questionnaire
187
10
References
197
10
Index
207