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Tables of Contents for Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications
1
10
Prudent Use of Therapeutic Agents
2
1
Terminology Used In Describing Therapeutic Agents
2
4
Drug Names
2
2
Dosage Forms
4
2
Sources of Drug Information
6
1
Information Listed in Drug References
6
5
Pharmacy Procedures, Drug Handling, and Dosage Calculations
11
18
Preparing Prescriptions and Dispensing Medication
12
2
Guidelines for Writing Prescriptions
12
1
Components of a Prescription
12
1
Abbreviations Used in Prescriptions
13
1
Medication Dispensing
13
1
Calculating Drug Doses
14
5
The Ratio Method
14
1
Factor Label Method (Stoichiometry)
15
2
Other Calculation Used with Drugs
17
2
Storing and Handling Drugs in the Pharmacy
19
5
Environmental Consideration
20
1
Storage and Handling of Controlled Substances
20
2
Handling of Antineoplastic Agents
22
2
Drug Compounding
24
5
Pharmacokinetics and Principles of Pharmacology
29
45
The Therapeutic Range
30
2
Maintaining Drug Concentrations Within the Therapeutic Range
31
1
Dosage Regimen and Routes of Administration
32
3
Drug Dose
32
1
Dosage Interval
33
1
Routes of Administration
34
1
Movement of Drug Molecules in the Body
35
3
Passive Diffusion
35
1
Facilitated Diffusion
36
1
Active Transport
36
1
Physical Transport
36
1
Effect of Transport Mechanisms on Drug Molecule Movement
37
1
Effect of a Drug's Lipophilic or Hydrophilic Nature on Drug Molecule Movement
38
1
Pharmacokinetics
38
12
Drug Absorption
39
1
Effect of Route of Administration on Absorption
39
2
Effect of Lipophilic/Hydrophilic Properties on Absorption
41
1
Effect of pH of the Environment on Absorption
41
3
Ion Trapping and Absorption of Drugs
44
1
Factors Affecting Absorption and Bioavailability of Orally Administered Drugs
45
4
Factors Affecting Absorption of Parenteral Drugs
49
1
Drug Distribution
50
6
Barriers to Drug Distribution
50
1
Effect of Tissue Perfusion on Drug Distribution
51
2
Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on Drug Distribution
53
1
Volume of Distribution
54
2
The Way Drugs Exert Their Effects
56
5
Antagonists and Agonists
57
3
Nonreceptor Mediated Reactions
60
1
Biotransformation: The Way the Body Alters Drugs
61
3
Drug Interactions Affecting Biotransformation
61
1
Species and Age Differences in Drug Biotransformation
62
2
Drug Elimination
64
5
Routes of Drug Elimination
64
1
Renal Elimination of Drugs
64
1
Hepatic Elimination of Drugs
65
1
Halflife and Clearance: Measures of Drug Elimination Rates
66
1
Relationship of Halflife to Steady-state Concentrations
67
1
Drug Withdrawal Times
68
1
Using Concepts of Pharmacokinetics
69
5
Drug Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract
74
25
Function and Control of the Gastrointestinal Tract
75
2
Emetics
77
4
The Vomiting Reflex
77
2
Induction of Vomiting
79
1
Types of Emetics
80
1
Antiemetics
81
2
Antidiarrheals
83
4
Antidiarrheals that Modify Intestinal Motility
84
1
Antidiarrheals that Block Hypersecretion
85
1
Adsorbents and Protectants
86
1
Laxatives, Lubricants, and Stool Softeners
87
1
Antacids and Antiulcer Drugs
88
3
Ruminatorics and Antibloat Medications
91
1
Other Drugs Used for Gastrointestinal Problems
91
8
Antimicrobials
91
1
Oral Electrolyte Replacements
92
1
Pancreatic Enzyme Supplements
92
1
Corticosteroids
93
6
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
99
29
Normal Cardiac Function
100
8
Cardiac Anatomy and Dynamics of Blood Flow
100
1
Electrical Conduction Through the Heart
101
2
Depolarization, Repolarization, and Refractory Periods
103
3
Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Cardiovascular Function
106
2
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
108
5
Antiarrhythmic Drugs That Inhibit Sodium Influx
109
2
β-Blocker Antiarrhythmic Drugs
111
1
Calcium Channel Blocker Antiarrhythmic Drugs
112
1
Positive Inotropic Agents
113
2
Vasodilators
115
4
Vasoconstriction in Heart Disease
115
2
Vasodilator Drugs
117
1
Hydralazine
117
1
Nitroglycerin
118
1
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
118
1
Prazosin
119
1
Diuretics
119
3
Loop Diuretics
120
1
Thiazide Diuretics
121
1
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
121
1
Osmotic Diuretics
122
1
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
122
1
Other Drugs Used in Treating Cardiovascular Disease
122
6
Aspirin
122
1
Bronchodilators
122
1
Sedatives and Tranquilizers
123
5
Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System
128
16
Antitussives
129
2
Butorphanol
130
1
Hydrocodone
131
1
Codeine
131
1
Dextromethorphan
131
1
Mucolytics, Expectorants, and Decongestants
131
3
Mucolytics
132
1
Expectorants
133
1
Decongestants
133
1
Precautions in Using OTC Products
133
1
Bronchodilators
134
5
β-Adrenergic Agonists
136
1
Methylxanthines
136
3
Other Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Problems
139
5
Corticosteroids
139
1
Antihistamines
139
1
Antimicrobials
140
1
Diuretics
141
1
Oxygen
141
3
Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
144
24
The Negative Feedback System
145
1
Drugs Used to Treat Thyroid Disease
146
5
Drugs Used to Treat Hypothyroidism
146
3
Drugs Used to Treat Hyperthyroidism
149
2
Endocrine Pancreatic Drugs
151
2
Drugs Affecting Reproduction
153
15
Hormonal Control of the Estrous Cycle
153
3
Types of Reproductive Drugs
156
2
Drugs Used to Control Estrous Cycling
158
2
Drugs Used to Prevent, Maintain, and Terminate Pregnancy
160
3
Other Uses of Reproductive Drugs
163
5
Drugs Affecting the Nervous System
168
28
Anesthetics
169
8
Barbiturates
169
3
Propofol
172
1
Dissociative Anesthetics
173
1
Inhalant Anesthetics
174
3
Tranquilizers and Sedatives
177
4
Acepromazine
177
1
Droperidol
178
1
Diazepam, Zolazepam, Midazolam, and Clonazepam
178
1
Xylazine, Detomidine, and Medetomidine
178
3
Analgesics
181
3
Narcotic or Opioid Analgesics
181
3
Neuroleptanalgesics
184
1
Anticonvulsants
184
5
Phenobarbital
185
1
Primidone
186
1
Phenytoin
187
1
Diazepam
187
1
Clonazepam
188
1
Potassium Bromide
188
1
Valproic Acid
189
1
Central Nervous System Stimulants
189
7
Methylxanthines
189
1
Doxapram
190
1
Yohimbine and Tolazoline
190
6
Antimicrobials
196
7
Types of Antimicrobials
197
1
Goals of Antimicrobial Therapy
198
1
Resistance of Microorganisms to Antimicrobial Therapy
199
1
Concern Over Antimicrobial Residues
200
1
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
201
2
Effects Against the Cell Wall
201
1
Effects Against the Cell Membrane
202
1
Effects Against Ribosomes
202
1
Effects Against Cell Metabolism
203
1
Effects Against Nucleic Acids
203
1
CLASSES OF ANTIMICROBIALS
203
45
Penicillins
203
5
Mechanism of Action
204
1
Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins
204
1
Bacterial Resistance to Penicillins
205
1
Precautions for Use of Penicillins
206
1
Considerations for Use of Specific Penicillins
206
2
Cephalosporins
208
2
Mechanism of Action
209
1
Pharmacokinetics of Cephalosporins
209
1
Precautions for Use of Cephalosporins
210
1
Bacitracins
210
1
Aminoglycosides
211
4
Mechanism of Action
211
1
Pharmacokinetics of Aminoglycosides
211
1
Precautions for Use of Aminoglycosides
212
3
Quinolones
215
2
Mechanism of Action
215
1
Pharmacokinetics of Quinolones
216
1
Precautions for Use of Quinolones
216
1
Tetracyclines
217
3
Mechanism of Action
218
1
Pharmacokinetics of Tetracyclines
218
1
Precautions for Use of Tetracyclines
219
1
Sulfonamides and Potentiated Sulfonamides
220
3
Mechanism of Action
221
1
Pharmacokinetics of Sulfonamides
221
1
Precautions for Use of Sulfonamides
222
1
Other Antimicrobials Used in Veterinary Medicine
223
4
Lincosamides
223
1
Macrolides
223
1
Metronidazole
224
1
Nitrofurans
225
1
Chloramphenicol and Florfenicol
225
1
Rifampin
226
1
Antifungals
227
7
Amphotericin B and Nystatin
227
1
Ketoconazole and Itraconazole
228
1
Griseofulvin
229
5
Disinfectants and Antiseptics
234
12
Terminology Describing Disinfecting Agents
235
1
Appropriate Use of Disinfecting Agents
236
1
Selecting an Appropriate Disinfecting Agent
237
1
Types of Disinfecting Agents
238
8
Phenols
238
1
Alcohols
239
1
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
240
1
Chlorine Compounds
241
1
Iodine Compounds and Iodophors
242
1
Biguanides
243
1
Other Disinfecting Agents
243
3
Antiparasitics
246
2
Principles of Antiparasitic Use
247
1
INTERNAL ANTIPARASTICS
248
10
Terminology Used to Describe Internal Antiparasitics
248
1
Antinematodals
249
4
Piperazines
249
1
Benzimidazoles
249
1
Organophosphates
250
1
Invermectin
251
1
Pyrantel
251
1
Febantel
252
1
Other Antinematodal Drugs
252
1
Anticestodals
253
1
Praziquantel
253
1
Epsiprantel
253
1
Antiparasitics Used in Heartworm Treatment
253
5
Antiprotozoals
258
1
Amprolium
258
1
EXTERNAL ANTIPARASITICS
258
33
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
259
1
Lindane
259
1
Organophosphates and Carbamates
260
3
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids
263
1
Amitraz
264
1
Imidacloprid
265
1
Fipronil
265
1
Insect Growth Regulators
266
1
Insect Repellents
267
1
Other External Antiparasitics
267
5
Antiinflammatories
272
19
The Inflammation Pathway
273
1
Corticosteroids
274
1
Glucocorticoids
274
4
Types of Glucocorticoids
275
1
Formulation of Glucocorticoids
276
1
Effects of Glucocorticoids
277
1
Disease Caused by Glucocorticoid Excess
278
1
Safe Use of Glucocorticoids
279
1
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
279
6
Phenylbutazone
280
1
Aspirin
281
1
Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, and Naproxen
282
1
Flunixin Meglumine
283
1
Meclofenamic Acid
283
1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
284
1
Orgotein
285
1
Carprofen
285
1
Other Drugs Used to Fight Inflammation
285
6
Acetaminophen
285
1
Gold Salts
286
1
Dipyrone
286
1
Piroxicam
286
5
Answers to Review Questions
291