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Tables of Contents for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
UNIT ONE BASIC CONCEPTS IN PSYCHIATRIC/MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
1
86
An Introduction to the Concept of Stress
3
12
Introduction
4
1
Stress as a Biological Response
4
1
Stress as an Environmental Event
5
1
Stress as a Transaction Between the Individual and the Environment
6
2
Precipitating Event
7
1
Individual's Perception of the Event
7
1
Predisposing Factors
8
1
Stress Management
8
1
Adaptive Coping Strategies
8
1
Summary
8
3
Review Questions
11
1
References
12
1
Bibliography
12
3
Mental Health and Mental Illness
15
26
Introduction
16
1
Historical Overview of Psychiatric Care
16
1
Mental Health
17
2
Mental Illness
19
1
Psychological Adaptation to Stress
20
8
Anxiety
20
6
Grief
26
2
Mental Health/Mental Illness Continuum
28
1
The DSM-IV Multiaxial Evaluation System
28
1
Summary
28
9
Review Questions
37
2
References
39
1
Bibliography
39
2
Theories of Personality Development
41
18
Introduction
42
1
Psychoanalytic Theory
42
3
Structure of the Personality
42
1
Topography of the Mind
43
1
Dynamics of the Personality
43
1
Freud's Stages of Personality Development
44
1
Interpersonal Theory
45
1
Sullivan's Stages of Personality Development
45
1
Theory of Psychosocial Development
46
3
Erikson's Stage of Personality Development
46
3
Theory of Object Relations
49
1
The Autistic Phase (Birth to 1 Month)
49
1
The Symbiotic Phase (1 to 5 Months)
49
1
Separation-Individuation (5 to 36 Months)
50
1
Cognitive Development Theory
50
2
Sensorimotor (Birth to 2 Years)
51
1
Preoperational (2 to 6 Years)
51
1
Concrete Operations (6 to 12 Years)
51
1
Formal Operations (12 to 15+ Years)
51
1
Theory of Moral Development
52
1
Preconventional Level (Prominent from Ages 4 to 10 Years)
52
1
Conventional Level (Prominent from Ages 10 to 13 Years and into Adulthood)
52
1
Postconventional Level (Can Occur from Adolescence on)
53
1
A Nursing Model---Hildegard E. Peplau
53
3
Peplau's Stages of Personality Development
54
2
Summary
56
1
Review Questions
57
1
References
58
1
Bibliography
58
1
Concepts of Psychobiology
59
28
Introduction
60
1
The Nervous System: An Anatomical Review
60
12
The Brain
60
5
Nerve Tissue
65
1
Autonomic Nervous System
65
3
Neurotransmitters
68
4
Neuroendocrinology
72
7
Pituitary Gland
73
3
Circadian Rhythms
76
3
Genetics
79
1
Psychoimmunology
80
2
Normal Immune Response
80
1
Implications for Psychiatric Illness
80
2
Implications for Nursing
82
1
Summary
83
1
Review Questions
84
1
References
85
1
Bibliography
86
1
UNIT TWO THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE
87
220
Relationship Development
89
12
Introduction
90
1
Role of the Psychiatric Nurse
90
1
Dynamics of a Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship
91
3
Therapeutic Use of Self
91
1
Gaining Self-Awareness
91
3
Conditions Essential to Development of a Therapeutic Relationship
94
2
Rapport
94
1
Trust
94
1
Respect
95
1
Genuineness
95
1
Empathy
95
1
Phases of a Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship
96
2
The Preinteraction Phase
96
1
The Orientation (Introductory) Phase
97
1
The Working Phase
97
1
The Termination Phase
97
1
Summary
98
1
Review Questions
98
1
References
99
1
Bibliography
99
2
Therapeutic Communication
101
14
Introduction
102
1
What is Communication?
102
1
The Impact of Preexisting Conditions
102
2
Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs
102
1
Culture or Religion
102
1
Social Status
103
1
Gender
103
1
Age or Developmental Level
103
1
Environment in Which the Transaction Takes Place
104
1
Nonverbal Communication
104
2
Physical Appearance and Dress
104
1
Body Movement and Posture
105
1
Touch
105
1
Facial Expressions
105
1
Eye Behavior
105
1
Vocal Cues, or Paralanguage
106
1
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
106
1
Nontherapeutic Communication Techniques
106
1
Active Listening
106
2
Feedback
108
3
Summary
111
1
Review Questions
112
1
References
113
1
Bibliography
113
2
The Nursing Process in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing
115
24
Introduction
116
1
The Nursing Process
116
9
Definition
116
1
Standards of Care
116
9
Why Nursing Diagnosis?
125
3
Nursing Case Management
128
3
Critical Pathways of Care
129
2
Applying the Nursing Process in the Psychiatric Setting
131
1
Documentation to the Nursing Process
132
3
Problem-Oriented Recording
132
1
Focus Charting
133
1
The PIE Method
134
1
Summary
135
1
Review Questions
135
1
References
136
1
Bibliography
137
2
Therapeutic Groups
139
12
Introduction
140
1
The Group Defined
140
1
Functions of a Group
140
1
Types of Groups
140
1
Task Groups
140
1
Teaching Groups
141
1
Supportive/Therapeutic Groups
141
1
Self-Help Groups
141
1
Physical Conditions
141
1
Seating
141
1
Size
141
1
Membership
142
1
Curative Factors
142
1
Phases of Group Development
143
1
Initial or Orientation Phase
143
1
Middle or Working Phase
143
1
Final or Termination Phase
143
1
Leadership Styles
144
1
Autocratic
144
1
Democratic
144
1
Laissez-Faire
144
1
Member Roles
144
1
Psychodrama
145
1
The Role of the Nurse in Group Therapy
145
2
Summary
147
1
Review Questions
148
2
References
150
1
Bibliography
150
1
Intervention With Families
151
24
Introduction
152
1
Stages of Family Development
152
2
The Single Young Adult
152
1
The Newly Married Couple
152
1
The Family With Young Children
153
1
The Family With Adolescents
153
1
The Family Launching Grown Children
154
1
The Family in Later Life
154
1
Major Variations
154
2
Divorce
154
1
Remarriage
154
1
Cultural Variations
155
1
Family Functioning
156
4
Communication
156
1
Self-Concept Reinforcement
157
1
Family Members' Expectations
158
1
Handling Differences
158
1
Family Interactional Patterns
159
1
Family Climate
160
1
Therapeutic Modalities with Families
160
8
The Family as a System
160
3
The Structural Model
163
2
The Strategic Model
165
3
The Nursing Process
168
4
Summary
172
1
Review Questions
173
1
References
174
1
Bibliography
174
1
Milieu Therapy---The Therapeutic Community
175
10
Introduction
176
1
Milieu Defined
176
1
Basic Assumptions
176
1
Conditions that Promote a Therapeutic Community
176
2
The Program of Therapeutic Community
178
1
The Role of the Nurse
178
3
Summary
181
1
Review Questions
182
2
References
184
1
Bibliography
184
1
Crisis Intervention
185
12
Introduction
186
1
Crisis Defined
186
1
Phases in the Development of a Crisis
186
1
Types of Crises
187
3
Dispositional Crises
188
1
Crises of Anticipated Life Transitions
188
1
Crises Resulting from Traumatic Stress
189
1
Maturational/Developmental Crises
189
1
Crises Reflecting Psychopathology
189
1
Psychiatric Emergencies
190
1
Crisis Intervention
190
1
Phases of Crisis Intervention: The Role of the Nurse
191
1
Assessment
191
1
Planning of Therapeutic Intervention
191
1
Intervention
191
1
Evaluation of Crisis Resolution and Anticipatory Planning
192
1
Summary
192
1
Review Questions
193
1
References
194
1
Bibliography
195
2
Relaxation Therapy
197
12
Introduction
198
1
The Stress Epidemic
198
1
Physiological Cognitive and Behavioral Manifestations of Relaxation
199
1
Methods of Achieving Relaxation
199
6
Deep Breathing Exercises
199
2
Progressive Relaxation
201
1
Modified (or Passive) Progressive Relaxation
202
1
Meditation
203
1
Mental Imagery
204
1
Biofeedback
204
1
Physical Exercise
204
1
The Role of the Nurse in Relaxation Therapy
205
1
Assessment
205
1
Diagnosis
205
1
Outcome Identification/Implementation
206
1
Evaluation
206
1
Summary
206
1
Review Questions
207
1
References
207
1
Bibliography
207
2
Assertiveness Training
209
14
Introduction
210
1
Assertive Communication
210
1
Basic Human Rights
210
1
Response Patterns
210
2
Nonassertive Behavior
211
1
Assertive Behavior
211
1
Aggressive Behavior
212
1
Passive-Aggressive Behavior
212
1
Behavioral Components of Assertive Behavior
212
2
Techniques that Promote Assertive Behavior
214
1
Thought-Stopping Techniques
215
1
Method
215
1
Role of the Nurse
215
3
Assessment
215
1
Diagnosis
215
1
Outcome Identification/Implementation
216
2
Evaluation
218
1
Summary
218
1
Review Questions
219
2
References
221
1
Bibliography
221
2
Promoting Self-Esteem
223
14
Introduction
224
1
Components of Self-Concept
224
1
Physical Self or Body Image
224
1
Personal Identity
224
1
Self-Esteem
224
1
The Development of Self-Esteem
225
2
Developmental Progression of the Self-Esteem Through the Life Span
226
1
The Manifestations of Low Self-Esteem
227
1
Focal Stimuli
227
1
Contextual Stimuli
227
1
Residual Stimuli
227
1
Symptoms of Low Self-Esteem
227
1
Boundaries
227
3
Boundary Pliancy
228
2
Establishing Boundaries
230
1
The Nursing Process
230
4
Assessment
230
1
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
231
1
Planning/Implementation
232
1
Evaluation
232
2
Summary
234
1
Review Questions
235
1
References
236
1
Bibliography
236
1
Anger/Aggression Management
237
12
Introduction
238
1
Anger and Aggression Defined
238
1
Anger
238
1
Aggression
238
1
Predisposing Factors to Anger and Aggression
239
1
Modeling
239
1
Operant Conditioning
239
1
Neurophysiological Disorders
239
1
Biochemical Factors
240
1
Socioeconomic Factors
240
1
Environmental Factors
240
1
The Nursing Process
240
2
Assessment
240
1
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
241
1
Planning/Implementation
242
1
Evaluation
242
1
Summary
242
2
Review Questions
244
2
References
246
1
Bibliography
247
2
The Suicidal Client
249
10
Introduction
250
1
Epidemiological Factors
250
1
Risk Factors
250
2
Marital Status
250
1
Gender
250
1
Age
250
1
Religion
250
1
Socioeconomic Status
250
1
Ethnicity
250
1
Other Risk Factors
251
1
Predisposing Factors: Theories of Suicide
252
1
Psychological Theories
252
1
Sociological Theory
252
1
Biological Theories
252
1
Application of the Nursing Process with the Suicidal Client
253
3
Assessment
253
1
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
254
1
Planning/Implementation
255
1
Evaluation
255
1
Summary
256
1
Review Questions
256
2
References
258
1
Bibliography
258
1
Behavior Therapy
259
10
Introduction
260
1
Classical Conditioning
260
1
Operant Conditioning
260
1
Techniques for Modifying Client Behavior
261
3
Shaping
261
1
Modeling
262
1
Premack Principle
262
1
Extinction
262
1
Contingency Contracting
262
1
Token Economy
262
1
Time Out
263
1
Reciprocal Inhibition
263
1
Overt Sensitization
263
1
Covert Sensitization
263
1
Systematic Desensitization
263
1
Flooding
264
1
Role of the Nurse in Behavior Therapy
264
2
Summary
266
1
Review Question
266
2
References
268
1
Bibliography
268
1
Psychopharmacology
269
28
Introduction
270
1
Historical Perspectives
270
1
Applying the Nursing Process in Psychopharmacological Therapy
271
21
Antianxiety Agents
271
3
Antidepressants
274
5
Antimanic Agents
279
4
Antipsychotics
283
6
Sedative-Hypnotics
289
1
Central Nervous System Stimulants
290
2
Summary
292
1
Review Questions
293
2
References
295
1
Bibliography
295
2
Electroconvulsive Therapy
297
10
Introduction
298
1
Electroconvulsive Therapy Defined
298
1
Historical Perspectives
298
1
Indications
299
1
Major Depression
299
1
Mania
299
1
Schizophrenia
299
1
Other Conditions
299
1
Contraindications
299
1
Mechanism of Action
300
1
Side Effects
300
1
Risks Associated with Electroconvulsive Therapy
300
1
Mortality
300
1
Permanent Memory Loss
300
1
Brain Damage
300
1
The Role of the Nurse in Electroconvulsive Therapy
301
2
Assessment
301
1
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
301
1
Planning/Implementation
301
1
Evaluation
302
1
Summary
303
4
Review Questions
303
2
References
305
1
Bibliography
305
2
UNIT THREE NURSING CARE OF CLIENTS WITH ALTERATIONS IN BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION
307
392
Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy Childhood or Adolescence
309
30
Introduction
310
1
Mental Retardation
310
2
Predisposing Factors
310
1
Application of the Nursing Process
311
1
Autistic Disorder
312
4
Predisposing Factors
313
1
Application of the Nursing Process
314
2
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
316
5
Predisposing Factors
317
1
Application of the Nursing Process
318
1
Psychopharmacological Intervention
319
2
Conduct Disorder
321
3
Predisposing Factors
322
1
Application of the Nursing Process
322
2
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
324
4
Predisposing Factors
324
2
Application of the Nursing Process
326
2
Tourette's Disorder
328
3
Predisposing Factors
328
1
Application of the Nursing Process
328
2
Psychopharmacological Intervention
330
1
Separation Anxiety Disorder
331
4
Predisposing Factors
331
1
Application of the Nursing Process
332
3
Summary
335
1
Review Questions
335
2
References
337
1
Bibliography
337
2
Delirium, Dementia and Amnestic Disorders
339
18
Introduction
340
1
Delirium
340
1
Predisposing Factors
340
1
Dementia
341
4
Predisposing Factors
342
3
Amnestic Disorders
345
1
Predisposing Factors
346
1
Application of the Nursing Process
346
4
Assessment
346
2
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
348
1
Planning/Implementation
348
1
Evaluation
348
2
Medical Treatment Modalities
350
2
Delirium
350
1
Dementia
350
2
Summary
352
1
Review Questions
353
1
References
354
1
Bibliography
355
2
Substance-Related Disorders
357
48
Introduction
358
1
Substance-Use Disorders
358
1
Substance Abuse
358
1
DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Abuse
358
1
Substance Dependence
358
1
DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Dependence
359
1
Substance-Induced Disorders
359
1
Substance Intoxication
359
1
DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Intoxication
359
1
Substance Withdrawal
359
1
DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Withdrawal
360
1
Classes of Psychoactive Substances
360
1
Predisposing Factors
360
2
Biological Factors
360
1
Psychological Factors
360
1
Sociocultural Factors
361
1
The Dynamics of Substance-Related Disorders
362
19
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
362
3
Alcohol Intoxication
365
1
Alcohol Withdrawal
365
1
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Abuse and Dependence
365
3
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication
368
1
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal
369
1
CNS Stimulant Abuse and Dependence
369
3
CNS Stimulant Intoxication
372
1
CNS Stimulant Withdrawal
372
1
Opioid Abuse and Dependence
372
2
Opioid Intoxication
374
1
Opioid Withdrawal
375
1
Hallucinogen Abuse and Dependence
375
2
Hallucinogen Intoxication
377
1
Cannabis Abuse and Dependence
377
2
Cannabis Intoxication
379
2
Application of the Nursing Process
381
6
Assessment
381
2
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
383
2
Planning/Implementation
385
2
Evaluation
387
1
The Impaired Nurse
387
5
Codependency
392
2
The Codependent Nurse
393
1
Treating Codependence
393
1
Treatment Modalities for Substance-Related Disorders
394
4
Alcoholics Anonymous
394
1
Alcohol Deterrent Therapy
395
1
Counseling
396
1
Group Therapy
397
1
Psychopharmacology for Substance Intoxication and Substance Withdrawal
397
1
Summary
398
2
Review Questions
400
1
References
401
2
Bibliography
403
2
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
405
30
Introduction
406
1
Nature of the Disorder
406
1
Predisposing Factors
407
4
Biological Influences
407
2
Psychological Influences
409
1
Environmental Influences
410
1
The Transactional Model
411
1
Types of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
411
4
Disorganized Schizophrenia
411
1
Catatonic Schizophrenia
411
1
Paranoid Schizophrenia
411
2
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
413
1
Residual Schizophrenia
413
1
Schizoaffective Disorder
413
1
Brief Psychotic Disorder
413
1
Schizophreniform Disorder
413
1
Delusional Disorder
414
1
Shared Psychotic Disorder
414
1
Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
414
1
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
415
1
Application of the Nursing Process
415
5
Background Assessment Data
415
4
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
419
1
Planning/Implementation
420
1
Evaluation
420
1
Treatment Modalities for Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
420
9
Psychological Treatments
420
7
Social Treatment
427
1
Organic Treatment
428
1
Summary
429
2
Review Questions
431
1
References
432
1
Bibliography
433
2
Mood Disorders
435
46
Introduction
436
1
Historical Perspective
436
1
Epidemiology
436
1
Gender
437
1
Age
437
1
Social Class
437
1
Race
437
1
Marital Status
437
1
Seasonality
437
1
The Grief Response
437
4
Stages of Grief
438
2
Length of the Grief Process
440
1
Anticipatory Grief
440
1
Maladaptive Responses to Loss
441
1
Delayed or Inhibited Grief
441
1
Prolonged Grief
441
1
Exaggerated Grief Response
441
1
Normal versus Maladaptive Grieving
442
1
Types of Mood Disorders
442
4
Depressive Disorders
442
1
Bipolar Disorders
443
3
Other Mood Disorders
446
1
Depressive Disorders
446
7
Predisposing Factors
446
3
Developmental Implications
449
4
Application of the Nursing Process to Depressive Disorders
453
5
Background Assessment Data
453
2
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
455
1
Planning/Implementation
456
1
Evaluation of Care for the Depressed Client
456
2
Bipolar Disorder (Mania)
458
5
Predisposing Factors
458
5
Application of the Nursing Process to Bipolar Disorder (Mania)
463
3
Background Assessment Data
463
2
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
465
1
Planning/Implementation
466
1
Evaluation of Care for the Manic Client
466
1
Treatment Modalities for Mood Disorders
466
8
Psychological Treatments
466
6
Organic Treatments
472
2
Summary
474
2
Review Questions
476
2
References
478
1
Bibliography
479
2
Anxiety Disorders
481
36
Introduction
482
1
Historical Aspects
482
1
Epidemiological Statistics
482
1
How Much is too Much?
483
1
Application of the Nursing Process
483
25
Panic Disorder
483
1
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
484
4
Phobias
488
7
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
495
3
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
498
7
Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
505
3
Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder
508
1
Treatment Modalities
508
4
Individual Psychotherapy
508
1
Cognitive Therapy
508
1
Behavior Therapy
509
1
Implosion Therapy (Flooding)
510
1
Group/Family Therapy
510
1
Psychopharmacology
510
2
Summary
512
1
Review Questions
513
2
References
515
1
Bibliography
515
2
Somatoform and Sleep Disorders
517
34
Introduction
518
1
Historical Aspects
518
1
Epidemiological Statistics
518
1
Application of the Nursing Process
519
23
Somatization Disorder
519
3
Pain Disorder
522
4
Hypochondriasis
526
6
Conversion Disorder
532
3
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
535
4
Sleep Disorders
539
3
Treatment Modalities
542
3
Somatoform Disorders
542
2
Sleep Disorders
544
1
Summary
545
1
Review Questions
546
2
References
548
1
Bibliography
549
2
Dissociative Disorders
551
24
Introduction
552
1
Historical Aspects
552
1
Epidemiological Statistics
552
1
Application of the Nursing Process
553
15
Dissociative Amnesia
553
4
Dissociative Fugue
557
2
Dissociative Identity Disorder
559
5
Depersonalization Disorder
564
4
Treatment Modalities
568
2
Dissociative Amnesia
568
1
Dissociative Fugue
568
1
Dissociative Identity Disorder
568
2
Depersonalization Disorder
570
1
Summary
570
2
Review Questions
572
1
References
573
1
Bibliography
574
1
Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
575
34
Introduction
576
1
Development of Human Sexuality
576
2
Birth Through Age 12
576
1
Adolescence
577
1
Adulthood
577
1
Sexual Disorders
578
19
Paraphilias
578
5
Sexual Dysfunctions
583
12
Gender Identity Disorders
595
1
Application of the Nursing Process to Gender Identity Disorders
596
1
Alternative Sexual Lifestyles
597
5
Homosexuality
597
3
Transsexualism
600
2
Bisexuality
602
1
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
602
2
Summary
604
1
Review Questions
605
2
References
607
1
Bibliography
608
1
Eating Disorders
609
18
Introduction
610
1
Epidemiological Factors
610
1
Application of the Nursing Process
611
6
Background Assessment Data (Symptomatology)
611
1
Predisposing Factors to Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
612
1
Predisposing Factors to Obesity
613
2
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
615
1
Planning/Implementation
615
1
Evaluation
615
2
Treatment Modalities
617
6
Behavior Modification
617
2
Individual Therapy
619
1
Family Therapy
619
1
Psychopharmacology
619
4
Summary
623
1
Review Questions
623
2
References
625
1
Bibliography
625
2
Adjustment and Impulse Control Disorders
627
20
Introduction
628
1
Historical and Epidemiological Factors
628
1
Application of the Nursing Process
628
12
Adjustment Disorders
628
6
Impulse Control Disorders
634
6
Treatment Modalities
640
3
Adjustment Disorders
640
2
Impulse Control Disorders
642
1
Summary
643
1
Review Questions
644
2
References
646
1
Bibliography
646
1
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions
647
22
Introduction
648
1
Historical Aspects
649
1
Application of the Nursing Process
649
11
Background Assessment Data: Types of Psychophysiological Disorders
649
8
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
657
1
Planning/Implementation
658
2
Evaluation
660
1
Treatment Modalities
660
5
Asthma
660
1
Cancer
661
1
Coronary Heart Disease
662
1
Peptic Ulcer
662
1
Essential Hypertension
663
1
Migraine Headache
663
1
Rheumatoid Arthritis
664
1
Ulcerative Colitis
665
1
Summary
665
2
Review Questions
667
1
References
667
2
Personality Disorders
669
30
Introduction
670
1
Historical Aspects
670
2
Types of Personality Disorders
672
10
Paranoid Personality Disorder
672
1
Schizoid Personality Disorder
673
1
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
674
1
Antisocial Personality Disorder
675
1
Borderline Personality Disorder
675
1
Histrionic Personality Disorder
676
1
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
677
1
Avoidant Personality Disorder
678
1
Dependent Personality Disorder
679
1
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
680
1
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
681
1
Application of the Nursing Process
682
8
Borderline Personality Disorder
682
6
Antisocial Personality Disorder
688
2
Treatment Modalities
690
4
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
693
1
Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy
693
1
Milieu or Group Therapy
693
1
Behavior Therapy
693
1
Psychopharmacology
694
1
Summary
694
1
Review Questions
695
2
References
697
1
Bibliography
698
1
UNIT FOUR SPECIAL TOPICS IN PSYCHIATRIC/MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
699
150
The Aging Individual
701
30
Introduction
702
1
How Old is Old?
702
2
Epidemiological Statistics
703
1
The Population
703
1
Marital Status
703
1
Living Arrangements
703
1
Economic Status
703
1
Employment
703
1
Health Status
703
1
Theories of Aging
704
1
Biological Theories
704
1
Psychosocial Theories
704
1
Personality Theories
705
1
The Normal Aging Process
705
7
Biological Aspects of Aging
705
3
Psychological Aspects of Aging
708
2
Sociocultural Aspects of Aging
710
1
Sexual Aspects of Aging
711
1
Special Concerns of the Elderly
712
5
Retirement
712
2
Long-Term Care
714
1
Elder Abuse
715
2
Suicide
717
1
Application of the Nursing Process
717
7
Assessment
717
1
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
718
1
Planning/Implementation
719
1
Evaluation
719
5
Summary
724
1
Review Questions
725
2
References
727
1
Bibliography
728
3
The Individual With HIV/AIDS
731
30
Introduction
732
1
Pathophysiology Incurred by the HIV Virus
732
2
Normal Immune Response
732
1
The Immune Response to HIV
732
2
Historical Aspects
734
1
Epidemiological Statistics
735
1
Predisposing Factors
735
2
Sexual Transmission
735
1
Bloodborne Transmission
736
1
Perinatal Transmission
736
1
Other Possible Modes of Transmission
737
1
Application of the Nursing Process
737
12
Background Assessment Data
737
6
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
743
1
Planning/Implementation
743
1
Evaluation
743
6
Treatment Modalities
749
6
Pharmacology
749
3
Universal Infection Precautions
752
1
Hospice Care
753
2
Summary
755
1
Review Questions
756
1
References
757
3
Bibliography
760
1
Problems Related to Abuse or Neglect
761
20
Introduction
762
1
Historical Perspectives
762
1
Predisposing Factors
763
1
Biological Theories
763
1
Psychological Theories
763
1
Sociocultural Theories
764
1
Application of The Nursing Process
764
10
Background Assessment Data
764
7
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
771
1
Planning/Implementation
771
1
Evaluation
771
3
Treatment Modalities
774
2
Crisis Intervention
774
1
The Safe House or Shelter
775
1
Family Therapy
775
1
Summary
776
1
Review Questions
776
2
References
778
2
Bibliography
780
1
Community Mental Health Nursing
781
38
Introduction
782
1
The Changing Focus Of Care
782
31
The Public Health Model
783
2
The Role of the Nurse
785
1
The Psychiatric/Mental Health Registered Nurse
785
1
The Psychiatric/Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse
785
1
Case Management
786
1
The Community as Client
787
1
Primary Prevention
787
6
Secondary Prevention
793
4
Tertiary Prevention
797
14
Rural Mental Health Nursing
811
2
Summary
813
1
Review Questions
813
2
References
815
1
Bibliography
816
3
Cultural Concepts Relevant to Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing
819
14
Introduction
820
1
How Do Cultures Differ?
820
1
Communication
820
1
Space
820
1
Social Organization
821
1
Time
821
1
Environmental Control
821
1
Biological Variations
821
1
Application of the Nursing Process
821
7
Background Assessment Data
821
6
Diagnosis/Outcome Identification
827
1
Planning/Implementation
828
1
Evaluation
828
1
Summary
828
1
Review Questions
829
2
References
831
1
Bibliography
832
1
Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing
833
16
Introduction
834
1
Definitions
834
1
Ethical Considerations
835
5
Theoretical Perspectives
835
1
Ethical Dilemmas
836
1
Ethical Principles
837
1
A Model for Making Ethical Decisions
837
1
Ethical Issues in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing
838
2
Legal Considerations
840
6
Nurse Practice Acts
840
1
Types of Law
840
1
Classifications Within Statutory and Common Law
841
1
Legal Issues in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing
841
3
Nursing Liability
844
2
Summary
846
1
Review Questions
847
1
References
848
1
Bibliography
848
1
Appendix A Answers to Chapter Review Questions
849
10
Appendix B Mental Status Assessment
859
4
Appendix C Glossary
863
16
Index
879