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Tables of Contents for Respiratory Physiology of Newborn Mammals
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xi
Abbreviations
xiii
Introduction
1
3
Gestation and Birth
4
41
The Respiratory System before Birth
8
10
Fetal Pulmonary Fluid
10
5
Fetal Breathing Movements
15
3
Birth
18
23
What Controls the Onset of Continuous Breathing at Birth?
18
3
Birth, a Hyperoxic Event
21
3
Mechanics of the First Breath
24
9
Establishment of the Functional Residual Capacity
33
4
Implications for Pulmonary Circulation
37
4
Interspecies Comparisons
41
1
Clinical Implications
42
1
Summary
42
3
Metabolic and Ventilatory Requirements
45
35
Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production
45
13
The Metabolic Curve in Newborns
51
2
The ``Mouse-to-Elephant'' Metabolic Curve: What Does It Really Mean?
53
5
Pulmonary Ventilation
58
16
Mechanical Events in the First Hours after Birth
58
7
Pulmonary Ventilation and the Breathing Pattern
65
5
Dead Space and Alveolar Ventilation
70
4
Coupling of Ventilation and Metabolism
74
2
Interspecies Comparisons
76
2
Clinical Implications
78
1
Summary
79
1
Mechanical Behavior of the Respiratory Pump
80
49
The Respiratory Muscles
80
9
Mass and Fiber Type
81
2
Fatigue and Fatigue Resistance
83
2
Blood Perfusion
85
1
Mechanical Properties
86
3
The Newborn Thorax
89
2
Mechanical Interaction between Lungs and Chest Wall
91
25
Terminology
92
1
Mechanical Properties of the Lungs
93
7
Mechanical Properties of the Chest Wall
100
9
Static Coupling between Lungs and Chest Wall
109
2
Resistance to Airflow
111
4
Being Very Small: The Case of Newborn Marsupials
115
1
The Active Mechanical Behavior
116
7
Inspiration
116
2
Expiration
118
5
Energetics
123
3
Interspecies Comparisons
126
1
Clinical Implications
126
1
Summary
127
2
Reflex Control of the Breathing Pattern
129
42
Reflex Control of Breath Amplitude and Duration
129
23
Load Compensation in Newborns
131
4
Vagal Reflexes
135
9
Airway Receptors
144
7
Vagal Control and Hypoxia
151
1
Ventilatory Reflexes of Extrapulmonary Origin
152
9
Upper Airway Reflexes
152
8
Somatic and Chest Wall Reflexes
160
1
Central Organization of Respiratory Neurons
161
3
Breathing during Feeding
164
3
Interspecies Comparisons
167
1
Clinical Implications
167
1
Summary
168
3
Changes in Temperature and Respiratory Gases
171
64
Changes in Ambient or Body Temperature
171
14
Metabolic and Behavioral Responses
172
11
Ventilatory Control at Different Temperatures
183
2
O2 and CO2 Chemoreception
185
8
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
186
5
Central Chemosensitivity
191
2
Changes in Oxygenation
193
31
O2 Transport
193
4
Prenatal Hypoxia
197
4
Acute Neonatal Hypoxia
201
15
Chronic Neonatal Hypoxia
216
6
Hyperoxia
222
2
Hypercapnia
224
5
Acute Conditions
224
3
Chronic Conditions
227
1
Conditions Confronting Burrowing Mammals
228
1
Interspecies Comparisons
229
1
Clinical Implications
230
1
Summary
231
4
Appendix A Passive Respiratory Mechanics: Some Applications to Measurements in Newborns
235
8
Artificial Ventilation
236
2
Compliance
236
1
Resistance
237
1
Spontaneous Breathing
238
5
Compliance
238
3
Time Constant and Resistance
241
2
Appendix B Comparisons and Normalization
243
8
Normalization
243
2
Allometry
245
5
Allometric Relationships of Newborn Mammals
250
1
Appendix C Orders and Suborders of the Class Mammalia
251
2
Glossary
253
16
References Cited
269
66
Index
335