Contributors

Acknowledgments

Foreword: Living with snakes

Harry W. Greene

Introduction

Snake management

Gordon H. Rodda

Yoshio Sawai

David Chiszar

Hiroshi Tanaka

Part I. BASIC BIOLOGY

The biology of the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)

Shogi Mishima

Hiroshi Tanaka

Yoshio Sawai

An overview of the biology of the Brown Treesnake(Boiga irregularis), a costly introduced pest on Pacific Islands

Gordon H. Rodda

Thomas H. Fritts

Michael J. McCoid

Earl W. Campbell III

Seasonal changes of spermatogenesis and ultrastructural changes of spermatids during spermiogenesis in the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)

Masamichi Kurohmaru

Shosaku Hattori

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Snakes on electrical transmission lines: Patterns, causes, and strategies for reducing electrical outages due to snakes

Thomas H. Fritts

David Chiszar

Part II. VENOM AND HUMAN HEALTH

A historical outlook on studies of Habu (Trimeresurus Flavoviridis)bites in the Amami and Okinawa Islands of Japan

Yoshio Sawai

Yoshiharu Kawamura

Yasutetsu Araki

Yasuhiro Tomihara

The threat to humans from snakebite by snakes of the genus Boiga based on data from Guam and other areas

Thomas H. Fritts

Michael J. McCoid

Venom delivery by the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) and the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)

Kenneth V. Kardong

Factors affecting annual incidence of Habu bites, and how residents develop and transfer cognition of high-risk sites

Hiroshi Tanaka

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Satoshi Nakamura

Part III. BEHAVIORAL AND SENSORY BIOLOGY

Histology of the Habu's sensory organs

Kazushige Hirosawa

Shigeru Takami

Repellents and use of prey items for delivering toxicants for control of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)

Masahiko Nishimura

Collection and analysis of airborne rat odors

Takashi Niwa

Shosaku Hattori

Hiroshi Kihara

Toshiya Sato

Sizuaki Murata

Predatory behavior of Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis): Laboratory studies of chemical attractants

David Chiszar

Thomas M. Dunn

Hobart M. Smith

Integrated pest management: The case for pheromonal control of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) and Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis)

Robert T. Mason

Part IV. POPULATION BIOLOGY

Dispersal of shakes to extralimital islands: Incidents of the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) dispersing to islands in ships and aircraft

Thomas H. Fritts

Michael J. McCoid

Douglas M. Gomez

Movements of Habu, as observed by radio tracking in the field

Hiroshi Tanaka

Yoshitake Wada

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Kenji Ikeda

Population density of Habu on the Amami Islands, as estimated by removal methods

Hiroshi Tanaka

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Yoshitake Wada

Population trends and limiting factors in Boiga irregularis

Gordon H. Rodda

Michael J. McCoid

Thomas H. Fritts

Earl W. Campbell III

Part V. CAPTURE AND DETECTION

Development of the box trap for Habu

Shosaku Hattori

Trap capture of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) with odor extracted from rats

Shosaku Hattori

Yoshihisa Noboru

Hiroshi Kihara

Yoshihiro Hayashi

A state-of-the-art trap for the Brown Treesnake

Gordon H. Rodda

Thomas H. Fritts

Craig S. Clark

Steve W. Gotte

David Chiszar

Appendix. The effectiveness of snake traps worldwide

Gordon H. Rodda

Masahiko Nishimura

Barriers to movements of the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis)

Earl W. Campbell III

Structure and application of the slanting nylon-net fence to prevent dispersal of Habu (Trimeresurus Flavoviridis)

Masahiko Nishimura

Development of electric fence barriers for Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) in the Amami Islands

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Yoshio Sawai

Hiroshi Tanaka

Shogi Mishima

Complete removal of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) from a residential area by trapping

Hitoshi Shiroma

Hiroyuki Akamine

A ten-year trapping program to eradicate Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) from Minnajima, a small island in the Okinawa Islands, Japan

Seiki Katsuren

Chokei Yoshida

Masahiko Nishimura

Training a dog to detect Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)

Hitoshi Shiroma

Hiromi Ukuta

A preliminary examination of public policy issues in the use of canine detection of Brown Treesnakes

Carolyn K. Imamura

Part IV. BIOLOGICAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND CHEMICAL CONTROL

The effectiveness of habitat modifications for controlling Habu populations on Tokunoshima

Shogi Mishima

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Hiroshi Tanaka

Yoshio Sawai

Food habits of feral mongoose (Herpestes sp.) on Amamioshima, Japan

Shintaro Abe

Yukari Handa

Yuko Abe

Yoshitaka Takatsuki

Hideo Nigi

The possible use of haemogregarine parasites in biological control of the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) and the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)

Sam R. Telford Jr.

Biological control of Habu with Entamoeba invadens

Akira Ishii

Yoshio Sawai

Environmental risks of biological control of vertebrates

Francis G. Howarth

New dermal toxicants and methods of application for venomous snakes

Michihisa Toriba

Satoshi Senbo

Yoshiaki Kosuge

Candidate repellents, oral and dermal toxicants, and fumigants for Brown Treesnake control

Peter J. Savarie

Richard L. Bruggers

An integrated management plan for the Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Pacific islands

Earl W. Campbell III

Gordon H. Rodda

Thomas H. Fritts

Richard L. Bruggers

Part VII. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY

Introduced amphibians and reptiles of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

Hidetoshi Ota

Established exotic reptiles and amphibians of the Mariana Islands

Michael J. McCoid

A method for protecting nests of the Mariana Crow from Brown Treesnake predation

Celestino F. Aguon

Robert E. Beck Jr.

Michael W. Ritter

The feasibility of controlling the Brown Treesnake in small plots

Gordon H. Rodda

Thomas H. Fritts

Earl W. Campbell III

Epilogue: Contributions of Brown Treesnakes and Habu to science and society

D. Chiszar

T. H. Fritts

S. Hattori

S. A. Minton Jr.

S. Mishima

M. Nishimura

G. H. Rodda

Y. Sawai

H. Shiroma

H. Tanaka

Index