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Tables of Contents for Riding the Waves of Culture
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface to the Second Edition
ix
 
1 An Introduction to Culture
1
12
The impact of culture on business
2
3
How proven formulas can give the wrong result
5
1
Culture is the way in which people solve problems
6
2
The basis of cultural differences
8
3
Structure of the book
11
2
2 The One Best Way of Organizing Does Not Exist
13
7
What the gurus tell us
13
1
Neglect of culture in action
14
2
Culture as a side dish?
16
1
An alternative approach
17
2
Summary
19
1
3 The Meaning of Culture
20
9
The concept of culture
20
1
The layers of culture
21
3
Culture directs our actions
24
1
Culture as a "normal distribution"
24
2
Cultures vary in solutions to common problems and dilemmas
26
1
Summary
27
2
4 Relationships and Rules
29
22
The universal versus the particular
31
2
Universalist versus particularist orientations in different countries
33
5
Universalism versus perticularism in international business
38
5
Reconciling universalism and particularism
43
4
Test yourself
47
2
Practical tips for doing business in universalist and particularist cultures
49
2
5 The Group and the Individual
51
19
Concepts of individualism and communitarianism
52
2
Does modernization imply individualism?
54
2
Which community?
56
2
Is individualism a corporate requirement?
58
2
Individualism versus communitarianism in international business
60
3
Individualism, communitarianism and motivation
63
1
Differences in organizational structure
64
1
Reconciling individualism and communitarianism
64
2
Test yourself
66
2
Practical tips for doing business in individualist and communitarian cultures
68
2
6 Feelings and Relationships
70
13
Affective versus neutral cultures
70
3
Degrees of affectivity in different cultures
73
2
Intercultural communication
75
3
Reconciling neutral and affective cultures
78
1
Test yourself
78
2
Practical tips for doing business in neutral and affective cultures
80
3
7 How Far We Get Involved
83
22
Specific versus diffuse cultures
83
6
Negotiating the specific-diffuse cultural divide
89
3
The effect of specific-diffuse orientation on business
92
4
The mix of emotion and involvement
96
3
Reconciling specific-diffuse cultures
99
2
Test yourself
101
2
Practical tips for doing business in specific and diffuse cultures
103
2
8 How We Accord Status
105
18
Status-by-achievement and economic development
106
4
Ascription and performance
110
1
Achievement- and ascription-oriented cultures' negotiations
111
6
Towards reconciliation
117
3
Test yourself
120
1
Practical tips for doing business in ascription- and achievement-oriented cultures
121
2
9 How We Manage Time
123
22
The concept of time
123
2
Orientations to past, present and future
125
1
Sequentially and synchronically organized activities
126
3
Measuring cultural differences in relation to time
129
1
Time horizon
129
3
Time orientations and management
132
4
Managing change in a past-oriented culture
136
3
Planned sequences or planned convergence?
139
1
Reconciling the sequential and the synchronic
140
1
Test yourself
141
1
Practical tips for doing business in past-, present- and future-oriented cultures
142
3
10 How We Relate to Nature
145
16
Controlling nature, or letting it take its course
145
4
Control and success
149
2
How important is a culture's orientation to nature?
151
2
Managing between different orientations to nature
153
2
Is modern management a battle between private agendas?
155
1
Reconciling internal and external control
156
1
Test yourself
157
1
Summary
158
1
Practical tips for doing business in internal- and external-oriented cultures
159
2
11 National Cultures and Corporate Culture
161
25
Different corporate cultures
161
1
The family culture
162
8
The Eiffel Tower culture
170
5
The family and the Eiffel Tower in conflict
175
2
The guided missile culture
177
2
The incubator culture
179
3
Which countries prefer which corporate cultures
182
1
Summary
183
3
12 Towards International and Transnational Management
186
14
Problems for the cross-cultural manager
187
4
International and transnational companies
191
2
Human-resource management in the future
193
1
The growth of information
193
2
Implications for business strategy
195
1
Local freedom to prioritize employment values
196
1
Local freedom to reward
197
1
The error-correcting manager
198
2
13 Reconciling Cultural Dilemmas
200
18
Awareness of cultural differences
200
2
Respecting cultural differences
202
3
Reconciling cultural differences
205
13
14 South Africa: The Rainbow Nation
218
9
Dilemma mapping in South Africa
219
4
Comparing African and Western mental models
223
4
15 Gender, Ethnicity and Functional Diversity
227
23
Gender differences worldwide
227
3
Diversity in the USA
230
1
Universalism--particularism
231
1
The group versus the individual
232
1
To show or not to show our emotions
233
2
How far do we get involved?
235
1
Is high status earned through achievement or ascribed?
236
2
Control or be controlled: American belief in inner-directness
238
2
How is time organized in the USA?
240
1
Functional diversity
241
5
Diversity in industries
246
1
Database mining
247
2
General conclusions
249
1
Appendix 1 Examples from the 16 Questions Used to Measure Corporate Culture
250
2
Appendix 2 The Trompenaars Database
252
12
Appendix 3 Trompenaars Hampden-Turner Intercultural Management Group
264
3
Index
267