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Tables of Contents for Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
DEDICATION
v
FOREWORD
vii
PREFACE
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xi
REVIEWERS
xiii
REVIEWED JOURNALS AND TEXTS
xv
HOW TO USE THIS TEXT
xxi
CHAPTER 1 Upper Cervical Anatomy/ Biomechanics
1
44
Introduction
1
9
Osteology
1
2
Ligaments
3
2
Muscles
5
3
Coupled Motion
8
1
Functions of the Spine
8
2
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Range of Motion
10
12
Joint Friction
22
1
Spinal Alignment
23
2
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Asymmetry
25
3
Cervical Disc
28
1
Neural Canal Capacity
29
1
Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Alignment and the Cervical Curve
29
4
Sagittal Cervical Correction
33
3
Subluxation Etiology
36
2
Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration Trauma
38
7
CHAPTER 2 Vertebral Arteries
45
14
Introduction
45
4
Medical Iatrogenesis
45
4
Anatomy and Hemodynamica
49
1
Cervical Biomechanics and Vertebral Artery Dysfunction
50
3
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
53
3
Ponticulus Posterior
56
3
CHAPTER 3 Upper Cervical Neurology
59
72
Introduction
59
2
Spinal Cord Anatomy
59
1
Spinal Cord Tension
60
1
Mechanoreceptive Dysafferentation
61
11
Somatosensory Receptors
61
2
Muscle Receptors
63
1
Sensory Pathways
64
1
Spinocerebellar Tracts
65
1
Pain Pathways
66
3
Efferent Outflow
69
3
Nerve Root Irritation
72
3
Dentate Ligament Cord Distortion Hypothesis
75
3
Dentatotomy
78
2
Spinal Cord Degeneration
80
1
Dentate Ligament Strength
81
1
Stress Patterns with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
81
2
Spinal Cord Ischemia
83
2
Spinal Cord Circulation
85
1
Tethering of the Central Nervous System
86
2
Upper Cervical Attachment to the Spinal Cord
88
5
Atrophy of Suboccipital Muscles
93
2
Innervation of Spinal Dura
95
2
Central Nervous System Histodynamics
97
10
Spinothalamic Tract
107
1
Mechanoreceptors of the Spine
108
3
Cervical Muscle Spindles
111
2
Cerebellar Dysfunction
113
1
Cervical Afferents' Connection to Neuroaxis
114
10
CNS Lesions/Dysfunction and Spinal Distortion
124
2
Tonic Neck Reflexes
126
2
Nerve Root Irritation
128
3
CHAPTER 4 Leg Length Inequality: Functional and Structural Aspects
131
32
Introduction
131
3
Biomechanics of Leg Length Inequality
134
5
Leg Length Inequality and Scoliosis
139
5
Pelvic Obliquity
144
1
Scoliotic Reduction
145
1
Leg Length Inequality and Physiology
146
4
Leg Length Inequality and Low Back Pain
150
5
X-ray Distortion of Femur Head Height
155
3
Leg Check Reliability
158
3
Functional Leg Check and Spinal Stress Testing
161
2
CHAPTER 5 Subluxation X-ray Analysis
163
42
Introduction
163
2
Reliability of X-ray Analysis
165
7
Plane Line and Condylar/Axial Analysis Factors
172
3
X-ray Geometry
175
4
Computer-Aided Digitization
179
3
Pre and Post X-ray Assessment
182
1
X-ray and Nonradiographic Analyses
183
2
Pre and Post X-ray Validity Studies
185
3
Osseous Listing Stability
188
1
Subluxation Pattern Population Study
189
1
X-ray Safety and Quality
190
2
Medical Case Studies
192
7
Atlanto-Axial Rotatory Fixation
199
3
Anterior Subluxation
202
3
CHAPTER 6 Chiropractic Assessments and Instrumentation
205
38
Introduction
205
1
Paraspinal Thermal Symmetry
206
2
Thermography and Pain
208
4
Thermocouple and Infrared Thermal Scanning
212
3
Electromyography
215
5
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
220
3
Palpation
223
2
Reliability of Postural Analysis
225
3
Postural Dysfunction
228
3
Anterior Head Carriage
231
2
Postural Stability
233
2
Bilateral Weight Differential and the Anatometer
235
3
Research Terminology and Methodology
238
5
CHAPTER 7 Low Back Pain/Dysfunction
243
14
Introduction
243
3
Upper Cervical Care
246
3
Cervical-Back Connection
249
4
Disc Dysfunction and Compression
253
4
CHAPTER 8 Subluxation, Headaches, and Cervicogenic Vertigo
257
30
Introduction
257
1
Headache Neurology
258
5
Cervical Joint Dysfunction and Headaches
263
5
Cervicogenic Headache
268
4
Controlled and Uncontrolled Clinical Trials
272
5
Prevalence of Headache
277
2
Cervicogenic Vertigo
279
5
Spinal Care and Cervicogenic Vertigo
284
3
CHAPTER 9 Subluxation and Pathophysiology
287
74
Introduction
287
1
Chiropractic Pediatric Care
288
3
Hyperactivity: Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
291
5
Infantile Colic and Breast-feeding
296
4
Birth Trauma
300
3
Otitis Media
303
4
Quality of Life Enhancement
307
3
Nervous System and Immune Function
310
5
Spinal Afferentation and Sympathetic Stimulation
315
3
Brain Function
318
1
Neurological Disorders
319
8
Trigeminal Neuralgia
327
3
Posture and Health
330
1
Athletic Performance
331
3
Fibromyalgia
334
4
Iatrogenesis
338
1
Visual Disturbance
339
6
Auditory Dysfunction
345
1
Alimentary Dysfunction
346
3
Cardiac Function and the Spine
349
2
Pulmonary Function
351
8
Autonomic Nervous System
359
2
CHAPTER 10 Upper Cervical Case Reports
361
56
Introduction
361
1
Cervical Disc Herniation
362
2
Torticollis
364
3
Shoulder and Arm Pain
367
4
Lateral Cervical Curve Correction
371
2
Headaches
373
3
Low Back Pain
376
10
Scoliosis
386
2
Knee Pain
388
1
Brain Function
389
2
Neurological Disorders
391
13
Hyperactivity
404
1
Skin Disorders
404
1
Asthma
405
2
Digestive Disorders
407
2
Other Conditions
409
6
Literature Review
415
1
Validity of Case Reports
416
1
APPENDICES Introduction
417
62
A Specific Upper Cervical Adjusting
419
16
Subluxation Listing Conversion
419
3
Mastoid Support and Biomechanics of the Adjustment
422
2
Adjustive Forces
424
5
Table-Mounted Adjusting Instruments
429
6
B Nasium and Vertex X-ray Corrections
435
10
C Lateral Cervical X-ray Corrections
445
8
D Thoraco-Lumbar Radiographic Corrections
453
8
E Postural Corrections
461
6
F Functional Pelvic Distortion Corrections
467
6
G Surface Electromyographic and Thermographic Changes
473
6
FIGURE AND TABLE CREDITS
479
4
INDEX OF LEAD AUTHORS AND PRESENTING DOCTORS
483
6
SUBJECT INDEX
489