Foreword

Chad Gaffield

Preface

Alison Prentice

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Sharon Anne Cook

Lorna R. McLean

Kate O'Rourke

Suggestions on How to Use This Book

PART ONE LIVING WOMEN'S LIVES

Introduction

Veronica Strong-Boag

Sidebar: Fanny Bobbie Rosenfeld

Sidebar: Lucy Maud Montgomery

``Club'': Laundering Clothing in Newfoundland

Kathleen Wilker

Vignette: Stirring the Pot

Winnipeg Women Getting Together: Study Groups and Reading Clubs, 1900-1940

Jody Baltessen

Shelagh J. Squire

Vignette: Life in the Town of Nelson, British Columbia

Brenda Hornby

``Doing All the Rest'': Church Women of the Ladies' Aid Society

Marilyn Fardig Whiteley

Preserving Habits: Memory within Communities of English Canadian Women Religious

Elizabeth Smyth

Mildred Armstrong and Missionary Culture

Marjorie Levan

Vignette: Women's Spiritual Lives

Mohawk-English Writer and Performer Veronica Strong-Boag

E. Pauline Johnson

Sidebar: Emma Albani

Vignette: Two Perspectives on Urban Living Mairuth Sarsfield

Mairuth Hodge Sarsfield

Sidebar: Margaret Marshall Saunders

Gabrielle Roy

Pierrette Boily

Ada Gladys Killins: Sacrificing for Art's Sake

Sharon Anne Cook

Vignette: The Road Less Taken--The Single Woman as Artist The Unmarried Woman Artist

Emily Carr Sonia Halpern

Isabel and Helen Stadelbauer: Art Teachers in Calgary

Helen Diemert

A Sense of Place in Alberta: The Art and Life of Annora Brown

Kirstin Evenden

Vignette: Yukon Women Pioneers Edith Josie: ``These Are the News''

Charlene Porsild

Martha Louise Black

Alice Peck, May Phillips, and the Canadian Handicrafts Guild

Ellen Easton McLeod

Vignette: Life in a Native Community

Helen Kalvak: Pioneering Inuit Print-maker

Jessica Tomic-Bagshaw

Virginia J. Watt: Champion of Inuit Arts and Crafts

Ellen Easton McLeod

A Century of Artistic Experience and Innovation

Anne Newlands

PART TWO FAMILY AND THE HOME

Introduction

Cynthia R. Comacchio

Zoe Laurier, Prime Minister's Wife: Family Ideals at the Turn of the Century

Catherine Vye

``A Hardier Stock of Womankind'': Alice Barrett Parke in British Columbia

Jo-Fraser Jones

Life on the Frontier: Remembering the Coal Mining Camp at Cadomin, 1929-1934

Edith Wheeler

Women and Domestic Technology: Household Drudgery, ``Democratized Consumption'', and Patriarchy

Dianne Dodd

Defining the Lives of Rural Women: Laura Rose on ``The Womanly Sphere of Woman''

Margaret Kechnie

``Such Outrageous Discrimination'': Farm Women and Their Family Grievances in Early Twentieth-Century Ontario

Monda Halpern

Between the Rock and a Hard Place: Single Mothers in St. John's, Newfoundland, during the Second World War

Ruth Haywood

Prudence Heward: Painting at Home

Pepita Ferrari

Mothering the Dionne Quintuplets: Women's Stories

Katherine Arnup

Saving Mothers and Babies: Motherhood, Medicine, and the Modern State, 1900-1945

Cynthia R. Comacchio

PART THREE TEACHING AND LEARNING

Introduction

Nicole Neatby

Shaping Canada's Women: Canadian Girls in Training versus Girl Guides

Patricia Dirks

The Experience of Women Students at Four Universities, 1895-1930

Alyson E. King

Sidebar: Grace Annie Lockhart

Margaret Addison: Dean of Residence and Dean of Women at Victoria University, 1903-1931

Jean O'Grady

The ``Feminization'' of High Schools: The Problem of Women Secondary School Teachers in Ontario

Susan Gelman

Writing for Whom? Isabel Murphy Skelton and Canadian History in the Early Twentieth Century

Terry Crowley

The Rideau Street Convent School: French-Language Private Schooling in Ontario

Isabelle Bourgeois

``The School on Fardy's Cross'': Shamrock School Remembered

Pat Trites

Vignette: Women, Team Sport, and Physical Education

Women and Physical Education

Ellen O'Reilly

Women and Team Sport

Veronica Strong-Boag

Montreal Sportswomen and the Penguin Ski Club

Andrea Winlo

From Elegance and Expression to Sweat and Strength: Physical Education at the Margaret Easton School

Anna H. Lathrop

PART FOUR WOMEN'S ACTIVISM AND THE STATE

Introduction

Joan Sangster

Sidebar: Adelaide Hunter Hoodless

Sidebar: Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire

History and Human Agency: The Case of Agnes Macphail, Canada's First Woman Member of Parliament

Terry Crowley

The Persons Case, 1929: A Legal Definition of Women as Persons

Anne White

Women, the Settlement Movement, and State Formation in the Early Twentieth Century

Cathy James

The Historical Record and Adolescent Girls in Montreal's Red-Light District

Tamara Myers

Charlotte Whitton: Pioneering Social Worker and Public Policy Activist

Judith Roberts-Moore

Consuming Issues: Women on the Left, Political Protest, and the Organization of Homemakers, 1920-1960

Joan Sangster

Making Ourselves Heard: ``Voice of Women'' and the Peace Movement in the Early Sixties

Candace Loewen

The Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada, 1967-1970: Liberal Feminism and Its Radical Implications

Kimberly Speers

Sidebar: Lady Ishbel Aberdeen

Florence Bird

Judi Cumming

Women, Peace Activism, and the Environment: Rosalie Bertell and the Development of a Feminist Agenda, 1970s-1990s

Judi Cumming

State Control of Women's Immigration: The Passage to Canada of South Asian Women

Helen Ralston

Making Space: Women Building Culture

Janice Hladki

Ann Holmes

Feminist Theatre in Toronto: A Look at the Nightwood Theatre

Corinne Rusch-Drutz

PART FIVE HEALTH CARE AND SCIENCE

Introduction

Vendy Mitchinson

The Ladies Committee of the Home for Incurable Children

Magda Zakanyi

Margaret Scott: ``The Angel of Poverty Row''

Tamara Miller

``Hardly Feminine Work!'' Violet Wilson and the Canadian Voluntary Aid Detachment Nurses of the First World War

Linda J. Quiney

Sidebar: Major Margaret C. Macdonald

The Emergence of Physiotherapy as a New Profession for Canadian Women, 1914-1918

Ruby Heap

Ethel Currant: Portrait of a Grenfell Nurse

Jill Perry

Vera Peters: Medical Innovator

J. Catton

P. Catton

Norah Toole: Scientist and Social Activist

Marianne Gosztonyi Ainley

Alice V. Payne, Mining Geologist: A Lifetime of ``Small and Difficult Things''

E. Tina Crossfield

Vignette: A Case Study of an Oral History Project Shirley Peruniak: Naturalist, Historian, Quetico Provincial Park Interpreter

Wilma MacDonald

PART SIX EARNING THEIR BREAD

Introduction

A. B. McCullough

Sidebar: Depression Years

Sidebar: Pay Equity

Vignette: An Oral History Case Study A Barnardo Girl Becomes a Servant at Glanmore

Christine Zaporzan

Bringing ``Domestics'' to Canada: A Study of Immigration Propaganda

Ellen Scheinberg

Women in the Newfoundland Fishery

Miriam Wright

Vignette: Madeleine Constant, Leader in the Pasta Industry

Lise Bremault

Creative Ability and Business Sense: The Millinery Trade in Ontario

Christina Bates

Our Mothers' Patterns: Sewing and Dressmaking in the Japanese-Canadian Community

Susan Michi Sirovyak

Federica and Angelina: Postwar Italian-Canadian Couturiers in Toronto

Alexandra Palmer

Fabrications: Clothing, Generations, and Stitching Together the History We Live

Kathryn Church

The Telephone Operator: From ``Information Central'' to Endangered Species

Caroline Martel

Rosemary Covert

Ann Meekitjuk Hanson: Inuit Broadcaster, Interpreter, and Community Worker

Christine Lalonde

Cultural Nationalism and Maternal Feminism: Madge Macbeth as Writer, Broadcaster, and Literary Figure

Peggy Kelly

``The Day of the Strong-Minded Frump Has Passed'': Women Journalists and News of Feminism

Barbara M. Freeman

Sidebar: Jean McKishnie Blewett

Women in Banking: A Case Study of Scotiabank

Jane Nokes

Lisa Singer

Vignette: The Keroacks, a Family of Business Women

Lise Bremault

``The Queen of the Hurricanes'': Elsie Gregory MacGill, Aeronautical Engineer and Women's Advocate

Pamela Wakewich

The Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service during the Second World War: An Exploration of Their Archival Legacy

Donna Porter

Vignette:``Not Just `Rosie the Riveter . . .'''

Women's Wartime Work and Identities: Women Workers at Canadian Car and Foundry Co. Limited, Fort William, Ontario, 1938-1945

Pamela Wakewich

Helen Smith

Jeanette Lynes

Foreign-Aid Worker and Humanitarian Lotta Hitschmanova and the Unitarian Service Committee of Canada

Grace Hyam

Appendix One: Archival Sources Identified by Essay/Vignette

Appendix Two: Cross-Referenced Essay Index

Notes

Selected Readings

Contributors