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Tables of Contents for CNC Programming
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
vii
Computer Numerical Control of Machine Tools
1
24
Automatically Controlling the Movements of a Machine Tool
1
2
Common Types of CNC Machine Tools
3
8
Systems View of CNC
11
11
A Standardized Programming Language
22
1
Chapter Summary
23
1
Chapter Questions
23
2
The NC Programming Process
25
18
Writing an NC Part Program
25
5
Testing and Debugging
30
3
Transferring the Program to the Machine Tool
33
2
Proving the NC Program on the Machine Tool
35
4
CNC Safety
39
1
Chapter Summary
40
1
Chapter Questions
41
2
NC Tooling and Machining Processes
43
34
CNC and Manufacturing Processes
44
1
The Basic Machining Operations
44
4
Cutting Tools
48
9
Cutting Tools for Milling
57
7
Cutting Tools for Turning
64
1
Cutting Tools for Hole Making
65
2
Workholding Tooling
67
7
Chapter Summary
74
1
Chapter Questions
74
3
Tool and Workpiece Setup
77
18
The Cartesian Coordinate System
77
4
Absolute vs. Incremental Coordinates
81
2
Polar Coordinates and Rotary Axes
83
1
Workpiece and Machine Offsets
84
3
The Z-offset and Tool Lengths
87
3
Tool Presetting
90
2
Chapter Summary
92
1
Chapter Questions
93
2
Programming Concepts and Job Planning
95
32
Programming with G & M Codes
95
3
Structure of an NC Part Program
98
2
Words, Addresses, and Numbers
100
1
Modal and Non-modal Codes
101
2
Programming Grammar
103
4
More on the Safe Line
107
1
Program Annotation and Setup Sheets
108
3
Planning a CNC Machining Job
111
2
Workholding and Locating Principles
113
6
Selecting the Work Zero
119
3
Planning the Toolpath
122
2
Chapter Summary
124
1
Chapter Questions
124
3
Codes for Positioning and Milling
127
32
Conventions
127
1
Preparatory Codes
128
1
G00---Rapid Traverse
129
3
G01---Cutting Straight Lines
132
2
G02 & G03---Cutting Circular Arcs
134
4
Using Circular Interpolation
138
6
G28---Return to Machine Home Position
144
2
Program Examples
146
10
Chapter Summary
156
1
Chapter Questions
156
3
Basic Codes to Control Machine Functions
159
14
Understanding M-codes
159
2
M06---Tool Changes
161
4
M03, M04, & M05---Turning the Spindle On or Off
165
1
M07, M08, and M09---Coolant Control
166
2
M30 & M02---Ending a Program
168
1
M00 & M01---Interrupting the Program Execution
169
1
Block Delete (/)
170
1
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Functions
170
1
Chapter Summary
171
1
Chapter Questions
171
2
Hole-making Cycles
173
20
Introducing the Canned Cycle
173
2
Drilling and Reaming Cycles
175
6
Tapping Cycles
181
2
Boring Cycles
183
1
Looping
184
1
Programming Examples Using Canned Cycles
185
4
Chapter Summary
189
1
Chapter Questions
190
3
Tool Radius Compensation
193
28
What is Tool Radius Compensation?
193
1
Reference Locations
194
2
Tool Location on Angular Toolpaths
196
7
Tool Location on Radial Toolpaths
203
4
Automatic Tool Radius Compensation
207
4
Programming Examples
211
6
Chapter Summary
217
1
Chapter Questions
217
4
Advanced Programming Concepts
221
20
Specifying a New Work Zero with G92
221
4
Automation with Subprograms (M98) and Subroutines (M97)
225
5
Programming with a Rotary Axis
230
8
Chapter Summary
238
1
Chapter Questions
238
3
Lathe Programming
241
30
Introduction to the CNC Turning Center
241
3
Turning Tool Setup
244
2
Basic Turning Operations
246
8
Common Canned Cycles
254
12
Summary of Turning Codes
266
1
Chapter Summary
267
1
Chapter Questions
267
4
CAD/CAM
271
14
Computer-aided Anything (CAA)
271
1
What is CAD/CAM Software?
272
2
Description of CAD/CAM Components and Functions
274
6
Software Issues and Trends
280
2
Chapter Summary
282
1
Chapter Questions
283
2
Mathematics for NC Programming
285
42
Basic Concepts: Speaking the Language
286
11
Essential Algebra
297
4
Unit Conversions
301
1
Geometry
302
1
Trigonometry
303
16
Illustrated Applications
319
5
Chapter Summary
324
1
Chapter Questions
325
2
A G & M Code Reference
327
4
B Reference Information
331
14
Speeds and Feeds
331
5
Units and Conversion Factors
336
1
Mathematics
337
3
Engineering Materials
340
1
Documentation Tools
341
4
Glossary
345
6
Index
351