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Tables of Contents for Origin of the Concept of Nuclear Forces
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
ix
 
Prologue
1
1
1 Nuclear Forces Before the Neutron
1
26
1.1 The electron, radioactivity and the penetrating radiation
1
5
1.2 The nuclear atom
6
5
1.3 Nuclear structure, nuclear reactions and quantum mechanics
11
6
1.4 Problems with the e-p model--and proposed solutions
17
5
Notes to text
22
5
Part A: Towards a Unified Theory of Nuclear Forces
27
68
2 Nuclear Structure and Beta Decay
31
16
2.1 Introduction
31
2
2.2 Heisenberg's model of the nucleus (1932-33)
33
3
2.3 The 1933 Solvay Conference
36
5
2.4 Fermi's theory of ß-decay (1933-34)
41
3
Notes to text
44
3
3 The Fermi-field Theory
47
22
3.1 Introduction
47
1
3.2 Nuclear electrons, the neutron and the neutrino (1933-34)
48
5
3.3 The origins of the Fermi-field theory of nuclear forces (1934)
53
4
3.4 The Fermi-field theory and the charge independence of nuclear forces (1935-37)
57
6
3.5 Conclusion: the Fermi-field and related theories (1938-41)
63
2
Notes to text
65
4
4 Cosmic Rays, Quantum Field Theories and Nuclear Forces
69
26
4.1 Introduction
69
3
4.2 The cosmic rays and nuclear interaction (1934-36)
72
4
4.3 The neutrino theory of light (1934-37)
76
4
4.4 Electromagnetic shower theory and the interpretation of the hard component (1937)
80
6
4.5 A fundamental length and cosmic-ray bursts (1937-39)
86
3
Notes to text
89
6
Part B: Yukawa's Heavy Quantum and the Mesotron
95
80
5 The Origin of Yukawa's Meson Theory
97
18
5.1 Introduction
97
2
5.2 Yukawa takes up the problem of nuclear forces (up to 1933)
99
4
5.3 A new fundamental theory of nuclear forces (1933-34)
103
3
5.4 The U-quantum and the cosmic-ray "mesotron" (1934)
106
5
5.5 The meaning of the meson
111
1
Notes to text
112
3
6 The Discovery of the Mesotron (1935-37)
115
26
6.1 Introduction
115
1
6.2 Yukawa's researches in 1935 and 1936
116
5
6.3 The mesotron discovered (1936)
121
2
6.4 The discovery is confirmed (1937)
123
6
6.5 The mesotron and the Yukawa theory--hopes and doubts (1937)
129
6
6.6 Conclusions
135
2
Notes to text
137
4
7 The Development of the Vector Meson Theory in Britain and Japan (1937-38)
141
34
7.1 Introduction
141
1
7.2 The formation of the Yukawa school and the scalar field theory
142
4
7.3 The vector meson theory in Japan
146
5
7.4 Three refugees from Hitler take up Yukawa's theory
151
6
7.5 The first vector meson theories of Kemmer and Bhabha
157
5
7.6 British papers on the vector field theory of nuclear forces
162
4
7.7 Bhabha's paper and the application of meson theory to cosmic-ray phenomena
166
3
Notes to text
169
6
Part C: The Meson Takes its Place Among the Elementary Particles
175
76
8 Decat of the Meson--Experiment Versus Theory (1937-41)
177
25
8.1 Introduction
177
1
8.2 Estimating the lifetime of meson decay (1937-38)
178
5
8.3 Mesotron decay and the resolution of some cosmic-ray puzzles (1938)
183
4
8.4 The mesotron lifetime measurements of Rossi and Rasetti (1938-41)
187
2
8.5 Meson decay and ß-decay (1938-41)
189
6
8.6 Meson decay versus meson capture (1939-42)
195
2
8.7 Preliminary conclusions and post-1942 development
197
1
Notes to text
198
4
9 The Meson Theory and Yukawa Circumnavigate the Globe
202
27
9.1 Introduction
202
2
9.2 European conferences take note of the mesotron and the meson theory (1937-38)
204
3
9.3 The vector meson theory in Switzerland and Germany (1938)
207
6
9.4 New experiments and calculations on mesotron production (1938-39)
213
2
9.5 Progress in theory until summer 1939: the Americans enter the scene (1938-39)
215
6
9.6 Yukawa's trip to Europe and America (1939)
221
4
Notes to text
225
4
10 General Properties of Elementary Particles
229
22
10.1 Introduction: what is an elementary particle?
229
1
10.2 The description of particles of any spin and the spin-statistics theorem (1938-39)
230
3
10.3 The classical approach to meson interaction: Bhabha and Heisenberg (1939)
233
4
10.4 International physics conferences in the fateful year 1939
237
3
10.5 The 1939 Solvay report of Heisenberg and Pauli, and Pauli's publications based on it
240
3
10.6 The spin of the meson from is electromagnetic effects (1939-41)
243
5
Notes to text
248
3
Part D: Meson Physics from 1939 to 1950: the Meson Puzzle Resolved
251
84
11 Meson Theory During the War (West)
253
19
11.1 Introduction. Research in nuclear physics
253
2
11.2 Field theories with higher spins (1939-41)
255
3
11.3 Mixture and pair theories (1939-41)
258
2
11.4 Strong-and intermediate-coupling theories (1939-44)
260
6
11.5 Meson physics in Britain and Ireland (1941-45)
266
2
11.6 Pauli's evalution of the work on meson theory in the West during the Second World War (1945)
268
2
Notes to text
270
2
12 Meson Physics During the War (East)
272
20
12.1 The Soviet Union and Germany (1940-43)
272
2
12.2 Cosmic-ray physics in Germany and the theory of the S-matrix (1941-44)
274
3
12.3 Japanese meson physics after Pearl Harbor (1941-45)
277
5
12.4 Nuclear and cosmic-ray physics in wartime Italy (1942-44)
282
2
12.5 From war to peace: the years 1945-47
284
4
Notes to text
288
4
13 The Meson Paradox is Resolved--and a Clear View of the Nuclear Forces Emerges
292
24
13.1 Introduction
292
2
13.2 Cloud chambers and counter arrays: penetrating showers and strange particles (1940-47)
294
3
13.3 Experiments in Rome on the capture of mesons by nuclei and their interpretation (1943-47)
297
4
13.4 The nuclear emulsion technique for observing particle tracks (1939-48)
301
3
13.5 The discovery of the pion (1947)
304
3
13.6 Artificial production of mesons and the discovery of the neutral pion (1948-50)
307
5
Notes to text
312
4
Epilogue
316
1
14 The Strong Nuclear Forces after the Pion
316
19
14.1 Introduction
316
2
14.2 Experiments with mesons produced at accelerators: isospin amplitudes
318
2
14.3 Renormalized QED and meson theories
320
3
14.4 The new particles and their symmetry properties
323
2
14.5 Strong interactions without the pion field
325
4
14.6 Mesons and nuclear forces in the Standard Model
329
3
Notes to text
332
3
Bibliography
335
36
Index
371