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Tables of Contents for Cecil Essentials of Medicine
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
SECTION I CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1
110
Structure and Function of the Normal Heart and Blood Vessels
3
7
Gross Anatomy
3
1
Electrical Conduction System
4
1
Microscopic Anatomy
5
1
Fetal Circulation
6
1
Myocardial Metabolism
6
1
Circulatory Physiology
6
2
Physiology of the Coronary Circulation
8
1
Physiology of the Systemic Circulation
8
1
Physiology of the Pulmonary Circulation
9
1
Cardiovascular Response to Exercise
9
1
Cardiovascular Physiology During Pregnancy
9
1
Electrophysiology
9
1
Evaluation of the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
10
10
History
10
3
Arterial Pressure and Pulses
13
1
Examination of the Neck Veins
14
1
Precordial Examination
15
1
Cardiac Auscultation
15
1
Abnormal Heart Sounds
15
2
Abnormal Murmurs
17
2
Prosthetic Valve Sounds
19
1
Special Tests and Procedures in the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
20
13
Cardiac Radiography
20
1
Electrocardiography
20
2
Abnormal ECG Patterns
22
5
Long-Term Ambulatory ECG Recording
27
1
Stress Testing
27
1
Echocardiography
28
1
Nuclear Cardiology
28
1
Other Techniques
29
1
Cardiac Catheterization
29
1
Special Techniques
30
3
Congestive Heart Failure
33
7
Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Heart Failure
34
2
Diuretics
36
1
Vasodilators
36
1
Digitalis
37
1
Sympathomimetic Amines
37
1
Cardiovascular Assist Devices
37
1
Acute Pulmonary Edema
38
1
Diastolic Heart Failure
39
1
Congenital Heart Disease
40
5
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
40
1
Coarctation of the Aorta
40
2
Pulmonic Valve Stenosis
42
1
Atrial Septal Defect
42
1
Ventricular Septal Defect
42
1
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
43
1
Tetralogy of Fallot
43
1
General Considerations in the Evaluation and Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
44
1
Acquired Valvular Heart Disease
45
8
General Considerations
45
1
Aortic Stenosis
45
1
Aortic Regurgitation
46
2
Mitral Stenosis
48
1
Mitral Regurgitation
49
1
Mitral Valve Prolapse
50
1
Tricuspid Stenosis
50
1
Tricuspid Regurgitation
50
1
Pulmonic Stenosis and Regurgitation
51
1
Multivalvular Disease
51
1
Rheumatic Fever
51
1
Prosthetic Valves
51
2
Coronary Heart Disease
53
16
Atherosclerosis
53
1
Risk Factors
53
1
Nonatherosclerotic Causes of Coronary Artery Obstruction
54
1
Nonobstructive Causes of Ischemic Heart Disease
54
1
Pathophysiology of Ischemic Heart Disease
54
1
Angina Pectoris
55
2
Medical Management of Angina
57
2
Coronary Bypass Surgery and Coronary Angioplasty for Angina Pectoris
59
1
Variant Angina
60
1
Acute Myocardial Infarction
61
2
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
63
1
Thrombolytic Therapy and Primary Coronary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction
63
2
Other Measures
65
1
Non-Q Wave Myocardial Infarction
65
1
Complications of Myocardial Infarction and Their Management
66
3
Arrhythmias
69
25
Mechanisms of Arrhthymogenesis
69
2
Approach to the Patient with Suspected or Confirmed Arrhythmias
71
1
Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias
72
8
Specific Arrhythmias
80
12
Principles of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
92
2
Myocardial and Pericardial Disease
94
6
Myocardial Disease
94
2
Pericardial Disease
96
4
Cardiac Tumors and Trauma
100
2
Cardiac Tumors
100
1
Nonpenetrating Trauma
100
1
Penetrating Trauma
101
1
Aortic and Peripheral Vascular Disease
102
5
Aortic Aneurysms
102
1
Aortic Dissection
102
1
Aortic Arteritis
102
1
Miscellaneous Aortic Disease
103
1
Peripheral Vascular Disease
103
2
Peripheral Aneurysms and Fistulas
105
1
Arterial Trauma
105
1
Peripheral Venous Disease
105
1
Deep Vein Thrombosis
106
1
Other Cardiac Topics
107
4
Transplantation
107
1
Surgery
107
1
Pregnancy
108
3
Section II RESPIRATORY DISEASE
111
54
Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease
113
4
Common Presenting Complaints
113
1
Physical Examination
114
3
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations
117
9
The Airway
117
1
Ventilation
117
4
The Blood Vessels
121
2
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
123
1
Nonpulmonary Factors
124
1
Growth and Aging of the Normal Lung
124
1
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung
125
1
Diagnostic Techniques and their Indications
126
5
Imaging Procedures
126
1
Pulmonary Function Evaluation
126
5
Obstructive Lung Disease
131
9
Pathophysiology of Airway Obstruction
131
1
Asthma
132
1
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
133
1
Emphysema
134
1
Small Airway Disease
134
1
Chronic Bronchitis
134
1
Bronchiectasis
134
1
Cystic Fibrosis
135
1
Treatment
136
1
Pharmacologic Therapy
136
1
Oxygen
137
1
Antibiotics and Vaccines
137
1
Smoking Cessation
138
1
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
138
1
Volume Reduction Surgery and Lung Transplantation
138
2
Diffuse Infiltrative Diseases of the Lung
140
6
Clinical Manifestations
140
1
Specific Entities
140
5
Treatment
145
1
Pulmonary Vascular Disease
146
4
Physiologic Effects of Pulmonary Hypertension
146
1
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension
146
1
Pulmonary Embolism
146
3
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
149
1
Disorders of the Pleural Space, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall
150
5
Pleural Disease
150
2
Mediastinal Disease
152
1
Chest Wall Disease
153
2
Neoplastic Diseases of the Lung
155
4
Lung Tumor Biology
155
1
Pathology
155
1
Clinical Presentation
156
1
Diagnosis and Evaluation
156
1
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
157
1
Treatment and Prognosis
158
1
Control of Breathing in Disease States
159
3
Sleep Apnea Syndrome
159
2
Breathing Pattern Abnormalities Associated with Neurologic Disease
161
1
Neuromuscular Disease
161
1
Inhalational and Environmental Injury
162
3
Drowning and Near-Drowning
162
1
Diseases of Altitude
162
1
Smoke Inhalation Injury
163
1
Noxious Gases and Fumes
163
2
Section III PULMONARY CRITICAL CARE
165
8
Essentials of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine
167
6
Shock
167
1
Acute Respiratory Failure
168
1
Oxygen Therapy and Mechanical Ventilation
168
2
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
170
3
Section IV RENAL DISEASE
173
80
Elements of Renal Structure and Function
175
8
Elements of Renal Structure
175
2
Elements of Renal Physiology
177
4
Renal Homeostatic Functions
181
2
Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease
183
5
Clinical Assessment of the Patient with Renal Disease
183
2
The Major Renal Syndromes
185
1
Anatomic Imaging of the Urinary Tract
186
2
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
188
17
Volume Disorders
188
3
Osmolality Disorders
191
1
Hyponatremia
192
2
Hypernatremic Disorders
194
1
Disturbances in Potassium Balance
195
3
Disturbances in Acid-Base Balance
198
7
Glomerular Diseases
205
12
The Glomerulus
205
1
Mechanisms of Glomerular Injury
205
1
Clinical Manifestations of Glomerular Disease
205
1
Approach to the Patient with Glomerular Disease
206
1
Acute Nephritic Syndrome
207
1
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
208
1
Nephrotic Syndrome
209
5
Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities
214
2
Chronic Glomerulonephritis (CGN)
216
1
Major Nonglomerular Disorders
217
10
Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy
217
3
Cystic Diseases of the Kidney
220
1
Urinary Tract Obstruction
221
1
Nephrolithiasis
222
2
Renal Tumors
224
3
Hypertension and Vascular Disorders of the Kidney
227
8
Arterial Hypertension
227
4
Vascular Disorders of the Kidney
231
4
Acute Renal Failure
235
8
Definition and Etiology
235
1
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Evaluation of the Patient
235
3
Clinical Presentation, Complications, and Management of Acute Tubular Necrosis
238
2
Specific Causes of Acute Renal Failure
240
3
Chronic Renal Failure
243
10
Adaptation to Nephron Loss
243
2
Clinical Manifestations of Renal Failure
245
3
Kidney Transplantation
248
5
Section V GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
253
66
The Common Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease
255
21
Abdominal Pain
255
3
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
258
4
Malabsorption
262
7
Diarrhea
269
7
Radiographic and Endoscopic Procedures in Gastroenterology
276
6
Radiographic Procedures
276
3
Endoscopic Procedures
279
3
Diseases of the Esophagus
282
6
Normal Esophageal Physiology
282
1
Clinical Symptoms of Esophageal Disease
282
1
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
283
2
Motility Disorders of the Oropharynx and Esophagus
285
1
Other Esophageal Disorders
286
2
Diseases of the Stomach and Duodenum
288
11
Normal Gastric Physiology
288
2
Gastritis
290
1
Peptic Ulcer Disease of the Stomach and Duodenum
291
5
The Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
296
1
Abnormalities of Gastric Emptying
297
2
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
299
6
Definition
299
1
Etiology and Pathogenesis
299
1
Pathology
299
1
Clinical Manifestations
300
1
Diagnosis
301
1
Treatment and Prognosis
301
2
Complications
303
1
Ischemic Colitis
303
1
Diverticulitis
304
1
Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract
305
7
Carcinoma of the Esophagus
305
1
Carcinoma of the Stomach
306
1
Carcinoma of the Colon
307
2
Polyps of the Gastrointestinal Tract
309
1
The Familial Polyposis Syndromes
310
2
The Pancreas
312
7
Normal Structure and Function
312
1
Acute Pancreatitis
313
2
Chronic Pancreatitis
315
2
Carcinoma of the Pancreas
317
2
Section VI DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM
319
34
Laboratory Tests in Liver Disease
321
2
Clinical Approach to Liver Disease
321
1
Laboratory Tests of Liver Function and Disease
321
1
Tests of Hepatic Function
321
1
Screening Tests of Hepatobiliary Disease
321
2
Liver Biopsy
323
1
Jaundice
323
6
Definition
324
1
Bilirubin Metabolism
324
1
Laboratory Tests for Bilirubin
324
1
Clinical Classification of Jaundice
324
3
Approach to the Diagnosis of Jaundice
327
2
Acute and Chronic Hepatitis
329
8
Definition
329
1
Acute Hepatitis
329
6
Chronic Hepatitis
335
2
Fulminant Hepatic Failure
337
2
Diagnosis
337
1
Treatment
337
1
Hepatic Transplantation
338
1
Prognosis
338
1
Cirrhosis of the Liver and its Complications
339
6
Definition
339
1
Clinical and Laboratory Features
339
1
Specific Causes of Cirrhosis
339
1
Major Complications of Cirrhosis
340
4
Hepatic Transplantation
344
1
Neoplastic, Infiltrative, and Vascular Diseases of the Liver
345
3
Hepatic Neoplasms
345
1
Liver Abscess
346
1
Granulomatous Liver Disease
346
1
Vascular Disease of the Liver
347
1
Disorders of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
348
5
Normal Biliary Physiology
348
1
Pathophysiology of Gallstone Formation (Cholelithiasis)
348
1
Clinical Manifestations of Gallstones
349
4
Section VII HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
353
70
The Blood and Bone Marrow
355
3
The Blood
355
1
The Bone Marrow
355
3
Disorders of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell
358
9
The Myeloaplastic Disorders
358
1
The Myelodysplastic Disorders
359
3
Myeloproliferative Disorders
362
2
Acute Leukemia
364
3
Disorders of Lymphocytes
367
10
Ontology of Lymphocytes
367
1
Localization of Lymphocytes
368
1
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
369
5
Plasma Cell Disorders
374
3
Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes
377
4
Neutrophil Structure and Function
377
1
Monocyte Structure and Function
378
1
Neutropenia
378
1
Neutrophil Leukocytosis
379
1
Eosinophilia
380
1
Disorders of Red Cells
381
17
Shape and Structure of Red Cells
381
1
Birth and Death of Red Cells
381
1
Anemia
381
17
Transfusion and Bone Marrow Transplantation
398
5
Transfusion
398
3
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)
401
2
Platelets and Primary Hemostasis
403
8
Primary Hemostasis
403
1
Quantitative Platelet Disorders
404
3
Thrombocytosis
407
1
Qualitative Platelet Disorders
408
1
Vascular Purpuras
408
1
Plasma Protein Disorders Affecting Primary Hemostasis
409
2
Blood Coagulation and its Disorders
411
12
Secondary Hemostasis and Clot Stabilization
411
5
Factor Inhibitors
416
1
Natural Anticoagulants and the Fibrinolytic Pathway
416
1
Primary Hypercoagulable States
417
2
Secondary Hypercoagulable States
419
1
Therapy of Thromboembolic Disease
419
4
Section VIII ONCOLOGIC DISEASE
423
18
General Considerations in Oncology
425
7
Etiology
425
3
Screening for Early Cancer Detection
428
1
Systemic Effects of Cancer
429
3
Principles of Cancer Therapy
432
6
Forming a Treatment Plan
432
1
Principles of Oncologic Surgery
432
1
Principles of Radiation Therapy
433
1
Principles of Chemotherapy
434
2
Hormonal Therapy
436
1
Biologic Response Modifiers
436
2
Oncologic Emergencies
438
3
Hypercalcemia
438
1
Spinal Cord Compression
438
2
Increased Intracranial Pressure
440
1
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
440
1
Section IX METABOLIC DISEASE
441
34
Introduction to Metabolic Disease
443
2
Eating Disorders
445
6
Obesity
445
2
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
447
4
Principles of Nutritional Support in Adult Patients
451
3
Nutritional Assessment
451
1
Route of Nutritional Support
451
1
Water
451
1
Calories and Protein
451
2
Vitamins and Minerals
453
1
Home Nutritional Support
453
1
Hyperuricemia and Gout
454
4
Prevalence
454
1
Mechanisms of Hyperuricemia
454
1
Pathogenesis of Gout Arthritis
454
1
Pathogenesis of Renal Disease
454
1
Pathogenesis of Tophi
455
1
Clinical Features
455
1
Treatment
456
2
Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
458
6
Plasma Lipoprotein Physiology
458
1
Evaluation of Serum Lipoprotein Concentrations
458
1
Elevated Chylomicrons, VLDL, and IDL
459
1
Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia
460
2
Elevated LDL
462
1
Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
462
1
Lipids and Vascular Disease
463
1
Disorders of Metals and Metalloproteins
464
6
Wilson's Disease
464
1
Hemochromatosis
465
1
The Porphyrias
466
4
Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism
470
3
Homocystinemia
470
1
Cystinuria
470
3
Inherited Disorders of Connective Tissue
473
2
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
473
1
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
473
1
Marfan's Syndrome
473
1
Mucopolysaccharidoses
474
1
Section X ENDOCRINE DISEASE
475
78
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
477
10
Anatomy
477
1
Anterior Pituitary Hormone Physiology and Testing
477
3
Neuroradiologic Evaluation of the Pituitary
480
1
Pituitary and Hypothalamic Disorders
481
1
Hypothalamic Dysfunction
481
1
Hypopituitarism
481
1
Empty Sella Syndrome
482
1
Pituitary Tumors
483
2
The Posterior Pituitary Gland
485
1
Di
485
1
Siadh
486
1
The Thyroid Gland
487
10
Thyroid Hormone Physiology
487
1
Thyroid Evaluation
488
1
Hyperthyroidism
489
1
Graves' Disease
490
1
Toxic Adenoma
491
1
Toxic Multinodular Goiter
491
1
Thyroiditis
491
1
Thyrotoxicosis Factitia
492
1
Rare Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
492
1
Hypothyroidism
492
2
Goiter
494
1
Solitary Thyroid Nodules
494
1
Thyroid Carcinoma
495
2
Adrenal Gland
497
12
Physiology
497
1
Adrenal Insufficiency
498
3
Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism
501
1
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
501
1
Syndromes of Adrenocorticoid Hyperfunction
502
7
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
509
10
Normal Sexual Development
509
1
Precocious Puberty
509
2
Amenorrhea
511
3
Hirsutism
514
3
Infertility
517
1
Dysmenorrhea
517
1
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
517
1
Menopause
518
1
Cancer of the Breast, Cervix, Uterus, and Ovary
519
6
Cancer of the Breast
519
1
Carcinoma of the Cervix
520
1
Cancer of the Uterus
521
2
Ovarian Carcinoma
523
2
Male Reproductive Endocrinology
525
8
Hypogonadism
525
4
Primary Gonadal Abnormalities
529
1
Defects in Androgen Action
529
1
Impotence
529
1
Gynecomastia
529
1
Testicular Tumors
530
1
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
531
1
Carcinoma of the Prostate
531
2
Diabetes Mellitus
533
13
Basic Classification
533
2
Diagnosis
535
1
Pathogenesis
535
1
Treatment of Diabetes
536
3
Complications
539
7
Hypoglycemia
546
7
Definition of a Low Blood Glucose Level
546
1
Normal Physiology
546
1
Causes of Hypoglycemia
547
3
Diagnostic Work-Up for Hypoglycemia
550
1
Treatment
550
3
Section XI DISEASES OF BONE AND BONE MINERAL METABOLISM
553
34
Normal Physiology of Bone and Bone Minerals
555
9
Bone Structure and Metabolism
555
1
Calcium Metabolism
555
2
Phosphorus Metabolism
557
2
Magnesium Metabolism
559
2
Vitamin D
561
1
Calcitonin
562
2
The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia
564
9
Normal Physiology
564
1
Hypercalcemia
564
5
Hypocalcemia
569
4
Osteomalacia and Rickets
573
4
Pathogenesis
573
1
Specific Causes
573
2
Clinical Manifestations
575
1
Laboratory and Radiographic Features
575
1
Diagnosis
576
1
Treatment
576
1
Osteoporosis
577
7
General Considerations
577
1
Etiology and Pathogenesis
577
2
Clinical Manifestations
579
1
Radiographic Findings
579
1
Diagnosis
579
2
Treatment
581
1
Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss
582
2
Paget's Disease of Bone
584
3
Incidence and Prevalence
584
1
Etiology
584
1
Pathology and Pathophysiology
584
1
Clinical Picture
584
1
Associated Conditions
585
1
Laboratory Assessment
585
1
Treatment
585
2
Sectiion XII MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE
587
50
Approach to the Patient with Musculoskeletal Disease
589
5
Laboratory Tests
589
3
Radiologic Evaluation
592
2
Rheumatoid Arthritis
594
4
Pathogenesis
594
1
Clinical Manifestations
594
2
Treatment
596
2
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
598
5
Etiology and Pathogenesis
598
1
Clinical Features
599
2
Laboratory Evaluation
601
1
Treatment
601
2
Sjogren's Syndrome
603
2
Clinical Features
603
1
Diagnosis
603
1
Treatment
604
1
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
605
3
Clinical Course
605
1
Diagnostic and Laboratory Findings
606
1
Treatment
606
2
Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)
608
4
Localized Scleroderma
608
1
Limited Systemic Sclerosis (CREST Variant)
608
1
Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis
608
1
Scleroderma Sine Scleroderma
608
1
Clinical Features
608
2
Differential Diagnosis
610
1
Treatment
611
1
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Overlap Syndrome, and Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
612
2
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Overlap Syndrome
612
1
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
612
2
Vasculitides
614
6
Classification
614
1
Immunopathogenesis
614
1
Hypersensitivity Angiitis
614
1
Polyarteritis Nodosa
615
1
Allergic Vasculitis of Churg and Strauss
616
1
Wegener's Granulomatosis
616
1
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
617
3
The Spondyloarthropathies
620
4
Ankylosing Spondylitis
620
1
Reiter's Syndrome
621
2
Psoriatic Arthritis
623
1
Arthritis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
623
1
Osteoarthritis
624
3
Classification
624
1
Etiology and Pathogenesis
624
1
Clinical Features
624
2
Differential Diagnosis
626
1
Treatment
626
1
The Crystal-Induced Arthropathies
627
2
Chondrocalcinosis and Associated Disorders
627
2
Miscellaneous Forms of Arthritis
629
5
Musculoskeletal Syndromes Associated with Malignancy
629
1
Arthropathies Associated with Endocrine Diseases
630
1
Additional Miscellaneous Disorders
631
3
Nonarticular Rheumatism
634
3
Painful Shoulder
634
1
Bursitis
634
1
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
634
1
Fibromyalgia Syndrome
635
2
Section XIII INFECTIOUS DISEASE
637
144
Organisms that Infect Humans
639
6
Viruses
639
1
Chlamydiae
639
1
Rickettsiae
639
1
Mycoplasmas
640
1
Bacteria
640
2
Fungi
642
1
Protozoans
643
1
Helminths
643
2
Host Defenses Against Infection
645
8
Local Barriers to Infection
645
1
Components of the Immune System
646
3
Nonspecific Effector Mechanisms
649
1
Resistance to Extracellur Bacteria
650
1
Resistance to Obligate Intracellular Parasites: Viruses
651
1
Resistance to Faculative Intracellular Parasites: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
652
1
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
653
4
Diagnosis by Direct Visualization of the Organism
653
1
Diagnosis by Detection of Microbial Antigens
654
1
Diagnosis by Examination of Host Immune or Inflammatory Responses
655
1
Diagnosis by Detection of Microbial Nucleotide Sequences
655
1
Diagnosis by Isolation of the Organism in Culture
655
2
Antimicrobial Therapy
657
6
The Pathogen
657
1
Site of Infection
657
2
Characteristics of the Antimicrobial
659
1
Route of Administration
660
1
Monitoring of Antimicrobial Therapy
660
1
Antiviral Agents
660
1
Antifungal Agents
661
2
Fever and Febrile Syndromes
663
14
Regulation of Body Temperature
663
1
Fever and Hyperthermia
663
2
Acute Febrile Syndromes
665
8
Fuo
673
4
Bacteremia
677
5
Epidemiology
677
1
Pathogenesis
678
1
Clinical Manifestations
679
1
Diagnosis
680
1
Therapy
680
2
Infections of the Nervous System
682
11
Meningitis
683
5
Encephalitis
688
2
Spectrum of Tuberculous, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections
690
3
Infections of the Head and Neck
693
6
Infections of the Ear
693
1
Infections of the Nose and Sinuses
693
1
Infections of the Mouth and Pharynx
694
5
Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract
699
9
Pathogenesis of Pneumonia
699
1
Epidemiology
699
1
Diagnostic Approach to the Patient
700
1
Radiographic Patterns in Patients with Pneumonia
700
1
Other Laboratory Findings
701
1
Diagnosis and Management of the Patient with Pneumonia
701
1
Specific Pathogenic Organisms
702
3
Treatment and Outcome
705
2
Prevention
707
1
Infections of the Heart and Vessels
708
7
Infective Endocarditis (IE)
708
4
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis (PVE)
712
1
Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis
712
1
Bacterial Endarteritis and Suppurative Phlebitis
713
2
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
715
5
Superficial Infections of the Skin
715
4
Deeper Infections of the Skin and Soft Tissue
719
1
Intra-Abdominal Abscess and Peritonitis
720
4
Intra-Abdominal Abscess
720
1
Abscesses of Solid Organs
720
2
Extravisceral Abscesses
722
1
Peritonitis
722
2
Acute Infectious Diarrhea
724
6
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology: General Concepts
724
1
Types of Microbial Diarrheal Diseases
724
2
General Epidemiologic Considerations
726
1
Diagnosis
727
1
Management: General Principles of Electrolyte Repletion Therapy
727
3
Infections Involving Bones and Joints
730
4
Arthritis
730
2
Septic Bursitis
732
1
Osteomyelitis
732
2
Infections of the Urinary Tract
734
3
Urethritis
734
1
Cystitis and Pyelonephritis
734
2
Prostatitis
736
1
Nosocomial Infections
737
4
Approach to the Hospitalized Patient with Suspected Nosocomial Infection
737
1
Nosocomial Pneumonia
738
1
Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
739
1
Pressure Sores
739
1
Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection
739
2
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
741
8
Genital Sores
741
4
Urethritis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
745
4
HIV Infection and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
749
20
Epidemiology
749
2
Pathophysiology
751
2
Diagnosis and Testing for HIV Infection
753
2
Sequential Clinical Manifestations of HIV-1 Infection
755
1
Management of HIV Infection
756
3
Management of Specific Clinical Manifestations of Immunodeficiency: A Problem-Oriented Approach
759
1
Mucocutaneous Diseases
759
2
Nervous System Diseases
761
2
Pulmonary Diseases
763
1
Gastrointestinal Diseases
764
2
Other Complications of HIV Infection
766
1
Prevention of HIV Infection
767
2
Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
769
4
Disorders of Cell-Mediated Immunity
769
1
Disorders of Humoral Immunity
769
1
Impaired Neutrophil Function
770
1
Neutropenia
770
1
Diagnostic Problems in the Compromised Host
771
1
Prevention and Treatment of Infections in the Neutropenic Patient
772
1
Infectious Diseases of Travelers; Protozoal and Helminthic Infections
773
8
Preparation of Travelers
773
2
The Returning Traveler
775
1
Protozoal and Helminthic Infections
776
5
Section XIV NEUROLOGIC DISEASE
781
148
Neurologic Evaluation of the Patient
783
6
The Neurologic History
783
1
The Neurologic Examination
784
1
Diagnostic Tests: Scope and Limitations
785
4
Disorders of Consciousness and Higher Brain Function
789
14
Sleep and Its Disorders
789
1
Pathologic Alterations of Consciousness
790
6
Focal Disturbances of Higher Brain Function
796
3
Dementia
799
4
Disorders of Mood and Behavior
803
12
Psychiatric Disorders
803
4
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
807
8
Disorders of Autonomic Function
815
3
Hypothalamus (HT)
815
2
Central and Peripheral Autonomic Insufficiencies
817
1
Disorders of Sensory Function
818
21
Pain and Painful Syndromes
818
8
The Special Senses
826
13
Disorders of the Motor System
839
19
Mechanisms of Normal and Abnormal Motor Function
839
6
Movement Disorders
845
4
The Major Cerebellar Ataxias
849
3
Mechanical Lesions of the Spine and Spinal Cord
852
6
Cerebrovascular Disease
858
16
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the Cerebral Circulation
858
1
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
859
1
Ischemic Stroke
860
8
Spontaneous Parenchymal Cerebral Hemorrhage
868
3
Intracranial Aneurysms
871
2
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
873
1
Trauma to the Head and Spine
874
5
Head/Brain Injury
874
3
Spinal Cord Injury
877
2
Epilepsy
879
9
Incidence and General Etiology
879
1
Pathophysiology
879
1
Clinical Seizure Patterns
879
5
Management
884
4
Intracranial Neoplasms, CNS Complications of Cancer, and States of Altered Intracranial Pressure
888
10
Intracranial Neoplasms
888
5
Spinal Neoplasms
893
1
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
893
2
Non-Neoplastic Alterations of Intracranial Pressure
895
3
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System
898
9
Bacterial Infections of the Brain
898
4
Slow Virus Infections of the Nervous System
902
1
Demyelinating and Other CNS Inflammatory Disorders of Probable Immune Cause
903
4
Motor Nerve, Nerve Root, Peripheral Nerve, and Neurocutaneous Disorders
907
14
Peripheral Nerve Disorders
907
3
Mono- and Polyneuropathies Affecting Somatic Cranial Nerve Functions
910
3
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
913
1
The Motor Neuron Dieseases
913
2
Focal Radiculopathy and Neuropathy
915
4
Polyneuropathy
919
2
Disorders of Myoneural Junction and Skeletal Muscle
921
8
Disorders of Myoneural Junction
921
2
Disorders of Skeletal Muscle
923
6
Section XV THE AGING PATIENT
929
10
The Biology of Aging
931
8
The Demographics of Aging and Implications for Health Care
931
2
Assessment of the Older Patient
933
2
Common and Often Inadequately Assessed Medical Problems of the Elderly
935
4
Section XVI SUBSTANCE ABUSE
939
12
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
941
10
Screening
941
1
Tobacco and Alcohol Abuse
941
4
Prescription Drug Abuse
945
2
Illicit Drug Abuse
947
4
Appendix: Commonly Measured Laboratory Values
951
4
Index
955