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Tables of Contents for The German Language
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
ix
Abbreviations
xi
Introduction
1
15
What is the German Language?
1
2
A Linguistic Description
3
2
The Grammar and Grammatical Knowledge
5
6
Other Lingustic Knowledge
11
3
Further Reading
14
2
Syntax
16
32
The Concept of Syntax
16
6
Phrase Structures of German
22
6
Case in German
28
4
The Position of the German Verb
32
8
Syntactic Processes
40
5
Further Reading
45
3
Exercises
46
2
Morphology
48
42
Morphemes and Morphology
48
4
Morphology and Word-Formation
52
26
Inflection
53
2
Derivation
55
7
Compounding
62
7
Conversion
69
3
Other Morphological Processes
72
6
The Relationship between Morphology and Phonology
78
2
Productivity
80
2
Borrowings from Other Languages
82
3
The Relationship between Morphology and Syntax
85
3
Further Reading
88
2
Exercises
89
1
Phonetics
90
17
Introduction
90
1
Air-stream Type
91
1
State of the Glottis
92
1
State of the Velum
93
1
Oral Articulators
93
1
Manner
94
2
Lip Position
96
1
Vocoid Articulators
97
3
Place of Articulation
100
2
Resonance
102
1
Voice Onset Time
103
1
The Transcription of German and English
104
2
Further Reading
106
1
Exercises
106
1
Phonology
107
34
Preliminaries
107
3
Syllable Structure
110
7
The Obstruents
117
6
Affricates
123
1
Nasals
124
1
Other Consonants
125
2
Vowels
127
6
Connected Speech
133
7
Assimilation
134
2
Lenition
136
1
Shortening
137
1
Deletion
138
2
Further Reading
140
1
Exercises
140
1
Lexis
141
23
The Lexicon and the Nature of Lexical Entries
141
2
Thematic Structure
143
2
Categories of Lexical Items
145
2
The Meaning of Lexical Items
147
3
The Nature of Lexical Items
150
4
Relations among Lexical Items
154
2
Sense Relations
156
6
Further Reading
162
2
Exercises
163
1
Stylistics
164
29
Stylistics and the Style of Texts
164
1
Style and Deviation
165
5
Stylistic Principles
170
2
Metaphor
172
3
Repetition
175
2
Iconicity
177
3
Compression
180
2
Ambiguity
182
4
Cohesion
186
2
Style and Choice
188
3
Further Reading
191
2
Exercises
192
1
Historical Background
193
22
Preliminaries
193
2
Phonology
195
4
Umlaut
199
1
Morphology
200
4
Syntactic Changes
204
2
Lexical and Semantic Changes
206
4
External Influences
210
3
Further Reading
213
2
Exercises
214
1
Contemporary Variation
215
22
Preliminaries
215
3
Variation by Use
218
7
Variation by User
225
11
Regional Accents
226
5
Morphological and Syntactic Variation
231
3
Lexical Variation
234
2
Further Reading
236
1
Exercises
236
1
References
237
12
Index
249