Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part I Historical Background

Introduction

1 From On the Soul Aristotle

2 From An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision George Berkeley

3 From Essays on the intellectual Powers of Man Thomas Reid

4 From The Philosophy of the Enlightenment Ernst Cassirer

5 From Elements of Physiology Johannes Muller

6 From Treatise on Physiological Optics Hermann von Helmoltz

7 From Principles of Gestalt Psychology Kurt Koffka

Part II The senses

Introduction

8 From The senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, and The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception James J. Gibson

9 From In and Out of the Black Box David W. Hamlyn (better known as D. W. Hamlyn)

10 From Perception and Cognition John Heil

11 From The Will Brian O'Shaughnessy

12 From The Analysis of Sensation Ernst Mach

13 From Molyneux's Question Michael J. Morgan

14 Molyneux's Question Gareth Evans

Part III Direct versus Indirect Theories of Perception

Introduction

15 A Theory of Direct Visual Perception, and from The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception James J. Gibson

16 How Direct is Visual Perception? Some Reflections on Gibson 's "Ecological Approach" Jerry A. Fodor and Zenon W. Pylyshyn

17 Inference in Perception Irvin Rock

18 Is the Visual System as Smart as It Looks? Patricia Smith Churchland

19 Tacit Assumptions in the Computational Study of Vision Simon Ullman

20 "Why do Things Look as They Do?" What Koffka Might Have said to Gibson, Marr and Rock William Epstein

Part IV Perception and Conception

Introduction

21 Seeing, Believing, and Knowing Fred Dretske

22 From Wittgenstein Robert Fogelin

23 From Patterns of Discovery Norwood Russell Hanson (better known as N. R. Hanson)

24 Analogue Content Christopher Peacocke

25 Where Perceiving Ends and Thinking Begins: The Apprehension of Objects in Infancy Elizabeth S. Spelke

26 Seeing Is Believing - or Is It? Daniel C. Dennett

Index