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Tables of Contents for A History of French Literature
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xxii
The Middle Ages
1
31
Introduction
1
5
Language
2
1
Literature
2
1
Its diffusion
3
1
Authors
4
2
Hagiography
6
1
The chanson de geste
7
3
Lyric poetry to Rutebeuf
10
2
Romance
12
5
Comic realism
17
2
Le Roman de Renard
17
1
The fabliau
18
1
The literature of devotion, moral reflection and information
19
3
Learning and ideas
22
1
Theatre
23
2
Later lyric poetry
25
1
Fifteenth-century 'modernism'
26
4
Chartier
27
1
Charles d'Orleans
27
1
The anti-courtly reaction
28
1
'Rhetoriqueurs'
29
1
Villon
29
1
Conclusion
30
2
The Renaissance
32
47
The Age of Francois I
32
18
The restitution of letters and the renewal of faith
34
1
The impact of Italy
34
1
Philology
35
1
Neoplatonism
36
1
Neo-stoicism
36
1
The new learning
37
1
Erasmus
37
1
The Evangelical movement
38
1
Poetry
39
1
The 'rhetoriqueurs'
39
1
Ma rot
40
1
Latin verse
41
1
Sceve
42
1
The Lyons poets
42
1
The defence of women
43
1
The querelle des Amyes
43
1
Conclusion
44
1
Prose
44
1
The rise of French
45
1
Chronicle, epic, romance
45
1
Fiction
46
1
Rabelais
47
3
The Generation of the Pleiade
50
15
The defence of the language
50
1
Royal intervention
51
1
Standardization
51
1
The role of translation
52
1
Which French?
52
1
The new poetics and the Pleiade
53
1
The Defense et illustration
54
1
The Pleiade
54
1
Its aesthetic
54
1
The hierarchy of genres
55
1
Its themes
55
1
Love and the court
56
1
Nature
56
1
The impact of the Pleiade
57
1
Pleiade poets
57
1
Du Bellay
58
1
Ronsard
59
2
Theatre
61
1
The Hotel de Bourgogne
61
1
Humanist drama
61
1
Growth of tragedy
62
1
Neo-classical tragedy
63
1
Garnier
63
1
Comedy
64
1
Literature during the Wars of Religion
65
14
Introduction
65
1
The Wars of Religion
66
1
Henri IV
66
1
Counter-Reformation
67
1
Literature
67
1
Poetry
67
1
After the Pleiade
68
1
Poetry and religion
68
1
Epic
68
1
The personal meditation
69
1
Prose
70
1
Chronicles
71
1
Political writing
71
1
Pamphlet literature
72
1
Prose narrative
72
1
Moral reflection
73
1
Montaigne
74
3
Conclusion
77
2
The Classical Age
79
52
Writers and Their Public
80
5
Rewards and favor
80
1
The status of authors
81
1
The socialization of literature
82
1
Taste
82
1
Preciosity
83
1
The Precieuses
84
1
The evolution of taste
84
1
The Elaboration of the Classical Ideal
85
5
Malherbe
85
1
The classical doctrine
86
1
Language
87
1
The language of classicism
88
1
Principles and rules
89
1
Honnetete
89
1
The Rise of Rationalism
90
6
Jesuits and Jansenists
90
3
The new science
93
1
The libertins
93
1
Descartes
94
1
Pascal
95
1
Literature
96
26
Poetry
96
3
Boileau
99
1
La Fontaine
99
1
Fiction
100
1
The pastoral novel
101
1
The heroic novel
101
1
The roman d'analyse
102
1
The roman realiste
103
1
The philosophical novel
104
1
The conte de fee
105
1
First-person narrators
105
1
Fictitious memoirs
106
1
Theatre
106
1
The theatres
107
1
The players
108
1
The staging of plays
108
1
Audiences
109
1
Tragicomedy
109
1
Comedy
110
2
Moliere
112
3
Tragedy
115
2
Corneille
117
2
Racine
119
3
The Crisis of Confidence
122
7
Moral reflection
122
1
The critical spirit
123
1
The press
123
1
History
124
1
Quietism
124
1
Fenelon
125
1
Bossuet
125
1
Malebranche
126
1
Relativism
126
1
The new ideas
126
1
Bayle
127
1
The spread of science
127
1
The querelle des anciens et des modernes
128
1
The Legacy of Classicism
129
2
The Age of Enlightenment
131
67
Introduction
131
2
Writers and Their Public
133
5
Language
133
1
Education
133
1
The reading public
133
1
The book trade
134
1
Censorship
135
1
The status of authors
136
2
The Rise of the 'Philosophic' Spirit
138
7
The knowledge revolution
139
2
The cosmopolitan connection
141
1
Science, religion and the material world
142
1
Nature
142
1
Scientific optimism
142
1
Le Bonheur
143
1
Pure and applied reason
143
1
Philosophical optimism
143
1
Materialism
144
1
Determinism
144
1
The Social Programme of the Enlightenment
145
15
Deism
145
1
The problem of evil
146
1
Natural morality
147
1
Tolerance
147
1
Politics
147
1
Limits of reform
148
1
The 'philosophic' programme
148
1
L'Encyclopedie
149
1
Montesquieu
150
1
Voltaire
151
3
Rousseau
154
2
Diderot
156
3
Philosophie and literature
159
1
Literature
160
34
Neo-classicism
160
1
Anglomania
161
1
Poetry
161
3
Theatre
164
1
Theatres and staging
165
1
The theatre debate
166
1
Theatre de societe
166
1
Tragedy
167
1
Comedy
168
1
Marivaux
169
1
The drame bourgeois
170
1
Beaumarchais
171
2
Prose writing
173
1
Observation
174
1
Historiography
174
3
Biography
177
1
Autobiography
178
1
Fiction
179
1
Defence of the novel
180
1
Public demand
180
1
Literary strategies
181
1
Narrative modes
181
1
Narrative genres
182
1
Romans d'education
182
1
The roman libertin
183
2
Realism
185
1
Nouvelle and conte
186
2
Beyond Enlightenment
188
1
Mercier
188
1
Restif
189
1
Laclos
190
1
Bernardin de Saint-Pierre
190
1
Sade
191
1
Conclusion
192
1
Enlightenment and Revolution
192
1
Pre-Romanticism
193
1
Literature and the Revolution (1789--99)
194
4
The Nineteenth Century
198
100
Introduction
198
1
Writers and Their Public
199
7
Language
199
1
Literacy
200
1
The reading public
200
1
Censorship
201
1
Rights and rewards
202
2
Market forces
204
1
Status of authors
205
1
Movements and Schools
206
26
Intellectual currents
206
1
Pure and applied science
206
1
Literature and ideas
207
1
Digesting the Revolution
208
1
Throne and altar
208
1
History
209
1
Catholicism and the Right
210
2
Positivism
212
1
Socialism and the Left
213
2
Ideas and literature
215
1
Aesthetic doctrines
216
1
The growth of schools
216
1
Chateaubriand
216
1
Madame de Stael
217
1
Romanticism
218
2
Schools of poetry
220
1
The Parnassian school
220
1
Baudelaire
221
1
Symbolism: the first phase
221
1
Decadisme
222
1
The Symbolist movement
223
1
The evolution of Symbolism
224
1
Post-Symbolism
224
1
The Symbolist revolution
225
1
Schools of fiction
226
1
Balzac
227
1
Realism
227
1
Naturalism
228
2
Literary criticism
230
1
The press
231
1
Foreign influences
231
1
Literature
232
66
Poetry
232
1
Lamartine
233
1
Vigny
233
1
Hugo
234
1
Other Romantic poets
235
1
Gautier
236
1
Leconte de Lisle
237
1
Parnassian poets
237
1
Baudelaire
238
1
Verlaine
239
1
Rebels of the 1870s
240
1
Rimbaud
240
1
Mallarme
241
1
Laforgue
242
1
Poetry to 1914
243
1
Conclusion
244
1
Theatre
244
1
1800--50
245
1
Tragedy
245
1
Comedy
246
1
Romantic drama (1827--43)
247
2
Musset
249
1
Vaudeville
250
1
Scribe
250
1
Melodrama
251
2
The classical revival
253
1
1850--1914
253
1
The moralizing school of manners
254
2
Boulevard theatre of the Belle Epoque
256
2
Naturalist theatre
258
2
Symbolist theatre
260
2
Melodrama
262
2
Conclusion
264
1
The novel
264
1
1800--30
265
1
The 'personal' novel
266
1
Mainstream fiction
267
1
Romantic fiction to 1830
268
1
1830--48
269
1
The roman libertin
270
1
Colonial fiction
270
1
Foreign imports
270
1
Stendhal
271
2
Balzac
273
1
Merimee
274
1
Sand
275
1
1848--90
276
1
The Goncourts
276
1
Flaubert
277
1
Zola
278
2
Maupassant
280
1
The retreat from Naturalism
280
1
1890--1914
281
1
Les psychologues
282
1
Le roman de l'enfance
283
1
Decadents
284
1
Le roman de moeurs
284
1
Short fiction
285
2
Conclusion
287
1
The roman feuilleton and the growth of popular fiction
288
1
1836--48
288
2
1848--70
290
3
1870--1900
293
1
1900--20
294
2
Conclusion
296
2
The Twentieth Century
298
112
Writers and Their Public
299
8
French in the world
299
1
Language
300
1
The public
301
1
The book trade
302
2
Censorship
304
1
Writers' rewards
305
1
The status of authors
306
1
From Literary Doctrine to Critical Theory
307
9
To 1914
307
1
Between the wars
308
1
Surrealism
308
1
The 'College de Sociologie'
309
1
The Catholic revival
310
1
Since 1940
310
1
The Aesthetic rump
311
1
Literary theory
312
1
La nouvelle critique and Structuralism
313
1
Post-Structuralism
313
1
Deconstruction
314
1
Postmodernism
314
1
The concept of 'literature'
315
1
The Rise of the Intellectual
316
23
From Dreyfus to the Great War
316
1
Dreyfusards and anti-Dreyfusards
317
1
Ideas to 1914
318
1
The intellectual in 1914
318
1
The interwar years
319
1
Benda
319
1
Capitalism
320
1
Fascism v. communism
320
1
The Front Populaire
321
1
Realignments
321
1
Defeat, Occupation and Liberation
322
1
'L'Epuration' and after
322
1
Epuration
322
1
Engagement
323
1
Sartre and Camus
323
1
Existentialism
323
1
Sartre
324
1
Camus
324
1
'Resistentialism'
325
1
The 1950s
325
1
The recovery of the liberal Right
326
1
Doubts about the USSR
326
1
Colonialism
326
1
1962--68
327
1
A new intellectual order
327
1
Structuralism
328
1
Alienation
329
1
1968--80
329
1
A new intellectual equation
330
1
The soixante-huitard spirit
330
1
A new 'Resistance'
330
1
Post-Structuralism
331
1
Feminism
331
2
The retreat from revolution
333
1
The right-wing reaction
333
1
The nouveaux philosophes
334
1
Since 1980
334
1
An intellectual mafia?
335
1
The retreat from dogmatism
335
1
History and philosophy
336
1
Postmodernism
337
1
A new pragmatism?
337
1
Conclusion
338
1
Literature
339
71
Poetry
339
1
1900--18
340
1
World and mind
340
1
The 'modern' spirit
341
1
1918--40
342
1
Dada and Surrealism
342
1
Non-aligned poets
343
1
Matters of form
344
1
1940--45
344
1
The Ecole de Rochefort
345
1
1945--60
346
1
Continuities and renewal
347
1
1960--1975
348
2
Since 1975
350
1
Poetry and publishers
350
1
Matters of form
351
1
Themes
351
1
Regional poets
352
1
Poetry by women
352
1
Conclusion
353
1
Theatre
353
1
19144--39
353
1
The national theatres
354
1
The Boulevards
354
1
Studio theatre
354
1
The Cartel
355
1
The Surrealists
355
1
Art and commerce
356
1
Social comment
357
1
Ideas
357
1
The psychologists
358
1
Poets of illusion
359
1
Other playwrights
359
1
Salacrou
359
1
Cocteau
360
1
Claudel
360
1
Giraudoux
361
1
Anouilh
362
1
Conclusion
363
1
1940--68
363
1
The mainstream
364
1
The literary play
364
1
The philosophical play
365
1
Sartre
365
1
Camus
366
1
New Theatre
366
2
Ionesco
368
1
Beckett
369
1
Genet
370
1
Institutional developments
371
1
The CDNs
372
1
Vilar
372
1
Barrault
373
1
Planchon
373
1
Playwrights of the 1960s
374
1
Gatti
375
1
Arrabal
375
1
Theatre since 1968
376
1
Boulevard and mainstream
376
1
La creation collective
377
1
Directors and playwrights
378
1
Sarraute and Duras
379
1
Playwrights since the 1970s
380
1
Theatre du quotidien
381
1
Koltes and Vinaver
382
1
Conclusion
382
1
Fiction
383
3
1914--40
386
1
The revolt of youth
386
2
Time and history
388
1
Proust
388
1
The relationship with history
389
1
The relationship with God
390
1
The problem of destiny
391
1
The human tragedy
392
1
Forms of fiction
393
1
1940--60
394
1
New departures
395
1
Radical experiment
396
1
The New Novel
397
2
1960--70
399
2
Yourcenar
401
1
Cohen
401
1
Tournier
402
1
Since the 1970s
402
1
Duras
403
1
The legacy of the sixties
403
1
Postliterary fiction
404
1
Autobiography
405
1
Popular genres
405
1
The survival of tradition
406
1
Conclusion
406
1
Short Fiction
407
3
Beyond Imagination, Gender and the Metropole
410
36
Biography
411
1
Autobiography
412
5
Women's Writing
417
7
The eighteenth century
418
1
1789--1900
418
1
1900--45
419
1
1945--68
420
1
Since 1968
421
3
Gay Writing
424
2
Francophone Writing
426
20
Language
427
1
Alternatives to francophonie
428
1
Problems of definition
429
1
Belgium
430
1
Switzerland
431
1
French Canada
431
1
Quebec
432
3
The Caribbean: Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guyana
435
2
Haiti
437
1
Indian Ocean: Mauritius, Reunion, Madagascar
438
2
Sub-Saharan Africa
440
2
North Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
442
3
Conclusion
445
1
Beyond 'Literature'
446
72
The Best-seller
447
20
1918--30
448
2
The 1930s
450
2
The 1940s
452
2
The 1950s
454
1
The 1960s
455
2
The 1970s
457
3
The 1980s
460
3
The 1990s
463
2
Conclusion
465
2
French Humorous Writing
467
15
The beginnings to 1914
468
5
Humour since 1900
473
1
Humour and the press
474
1
Parody
474
1
The status of humour
475
1
Spoken and visual humour
476
1
Cinema
477
1
Theatre and poetry
477
1
Comic fiction
478
2
Non-fiction
480
1
Conclusion
481
1
Regional Literature
482
21
The politics of regionalism
483
1
Between the wars
484
1
The Second World War
484
1
1945--70
485
1
Since 1970
485
1
Literature to 1914
486
1
Poetry
487
1
From the roman de province to the roman rustique
487
1
After 1900
488
1
Regionalist writers
489
1
The defence of the countryside
490
1
New themes
490
1
1918--45
491
1
'Nature naturelle'
491
1
Political awareness
492
1
The 'proletarian' tendency
493
1
Chronicles of rural life
493
1
A regionalist 'genre'?
494
1
Its parochial nature
494
1
The defence of the countryside
495
1
Conclusion
496
1
Since 1940
496
1
Postwar revival
497
1
Poetry
497
1
Fiction revalued
498
1
Social fictions
498
1
Memoirs
499
1
The professionalization of regional writing
500
1
Its conservatism
501
1
Current trends
501
1
Conclusion
502
1
The Roman Policier
503
15
1850--90
503
1
1890--1920
504
2
1920--40
506
2
1940--60
508
3
1960--80
511
3
Since 1980
514
2
Conclusion
516
2
Beyond Words
518
42
The Roman-photo: Graphic Fiction
519
4
La Bande Dessinee
523
10
Origins
524
1
To 1914
524
1
Between the wars
525
1
1940--58
526
1
The 'Belgian' school
526
1
The American way
527
1
Pilote
528
1
The rising status of BD
528
1
1968 and after
529
1
Since 1980
530
1
Educational BD
530
1
The decline of the 1980s
531
1
BD and women
531
1
Conclusion
532
1
The Cinema
533
27
1895--1918
534
3
The silent twenties
537
2
The 1930s
539
3
The war years
542
1
Postwar cinema
543
3
The New Wave and after
546
2
1986--80
548
3
The 1980s
551
4
The 1990s
555
3
Conclusion
558
2
Bibliography
560
6
Index
566