search for books and compare prices
Tables of Contents for Juvenile Delinquency
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xix
Part One The Concept of Delinquency
1
58
Childhood and Delinquency
2
28
The Adolescent Dilemma
5
4
Adolescent Stress
5
1
Youth in Crisis
6
2
Risky Business
8
1
Are There Reasons for Hope?
8
1
The Study of Delinquency
9
2
The Development of Childhood
11
5
Custom and Practice in the Middle Ages
11
2
The Development of Concern for Children
13
2
Childhood in America
15
1
The Concept of Delinquency
16
2
Delinquency and Parens Patriae
16
1
The Legal Status of Delinquency
17
1
Legal Responsibility of Youth
17
1
Status Offenders
18
8
The Status Offender in the Juvenile Justice System
20
2
Keeping Truants in School
22
1
Reforming Status Offense Laws
22
2
Increasing Social Control over Juveniles
24
1
Increasing Social Control
24
2
Summary
26
1
Key Terms
26
1
Questions for Discussion
26
1
Viewpoint
27
1
Notes
27
3
The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
30
29
Official Statistics
32
1
Crime Trends in the United States
33
1
Measuring Official Delinquency
33
2
What the Future Holds
35
1
Is the UCR Data Valid?
35
1
The Rise and Fall of Juvenile Crime Rates
36
1
Self-Reported Delinquency
36
3
Self-Report Data
38
1
Correlates of Delinquency
39
6
Gender and Delinquency
39
1
Racial Patterns in Delinquency
40
2
Social Class and Delinquency
42
1
Age and Delinquency
43
2
Chronic Offending: Careers in Delinquency
45
3
Landmark Study: Delinquency in a Birth Cohort
45
1
Who Becomes a Chronic Delinquent?
46
1
Stability in Crime: From Delinquent to Criminal
46
1
Policy Implications
47
1
Juvenile Victimization
48
5
Victimization in the United States
48
2
Who Victimizes Youth?
50
1
Victimization Risk
50
1
Internet Victimization
51
1
The Youngest Victims
51
1
Delinquent and Victim: One and the Same?
52
1
Summary
53
1
Key Terms
53
1
Questions for Discussion
54
1
Viewpoint
54
1
Notes
54
5
Part Two Theories of Delinquency
59
104
Individual Views of Delinquency
60
44
Choice Theory and Classical Criminology
62
7
The Rational Delinquent
63
1
Delinquency as Problem Solving
64
1
Choosing Delinquent Acts
65
1
Routine Activities
66
1
Is Crime Seductive?
66
3
Preventing Delinquency
69
3
General Deterrence
69
2
Specific Deterrence
71
1
Situational Crime Prevention
71
1
Do Delinquents Choose Crime?
72
1
Trait Theories: Biosocial and Psychological Views
72
2
Origins of Trait Theory
74
1
Contemporary Biosocial Theory
74
9
Biochemical Factors
75
1
Diet and Delinquency
76
1
Neurological Dysfunction
77
2
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
79
2
Genetic Influences
81
1
Evolutionary Theory
82
1
Psychological Theories of Delinquency
83
13
Psychodynamic Theory
84
2
Behavioral Theory
86
2
Cognitive Theory
88
2
Personality and Delinquency
90
2
Intelligence and Delinquency
92
2
Critiquing Individual-Level Theories
94
1
Trait Theory and Delinquency Prevention
95
1
Summary
96
1
Key Terms
96
1
Questions for Discussion
97
1
Viewpoint
97
1
Notes
97
7
Sociological Views of Delinquency
104
34
Social Structure Theories
107
11
Social Structure/Social Problems
107
2
Structure, Culture, and Delinquency
109
1
Social Disorganization Theory
110
4
Anomie/Strain
114
1
Crime and the American Dream
115
3
Cultural Deviance Theory
118
1
Social Process Theories
118
6
Socialization and Crime
119
1
Theories of Socialization
120
1
Learning Theories
120
2
Control Theories
122
2
Social Reaction Theories
124
3
The Labeling Process
124
1
The Effect of Labeling
124
2
The Juvenile Justice Process and Labeling
126
1
Evaluating Labeling Theory
126
1
Social Conflict Theory
127
2
Law and Justice
127
1
The Conflict Concept of Delinquency
128
1
Sociological Theory and Social Policy
129
2
Social Structure Theories and Social Policy
129
1
Socialization and Social Policy
129
1
Social Reaction and Social Policy
130
1
Social Conflict and Social Policy
130
1
Summary
131
1
Key Terms
131
1
Questions for Discussion
132
1
Viewpoint
132
1
Notes
132
6
Developmental Views of Delinquency
138
25
Origins of Developmental Theories
140
1
Contemporary Developmental Concepts
141
5
Age of Onset
141
1
Life Transitions
141
1
Problem Behavior Syndrome
142
1
Pathways to Crime and Delinquency
143
2
Delinquent Trajectories
145
1
Continuity of Crime and Delinquency
145
1
The Cambridge Youth Study
146
1
Theories of Delinquent Development
146
8
The Social Development Model (SDM)
147
2
Interactional Theory
149
1
Sampson and Laub: Age-Graded Theory
150
3
Five Hundred Delinquent Boys in the New Millennium
153
1
The Concept of Latent Traits
154
3
General Theory of Crime (GTC)
154
3
Commonalities and Distinctions
157
1
Summary
158
1
Key Terms
158
1
Questions for Discussion
158
1
Viewpoint
159
1
Notes
159
4
Part Three Social. Community. and Environmental Influences on Delinquency
163
196
Gender and Delinquency
164
28
Gender Differences in Development
167
2
Socialization Differences
167
1
Cognitive Differences
167
1
Personality Differences
168
1
What Causes Gender Differences?
168
1
Gender Differences and Delinquency
169
1
Gender Patterns in Delinquency
170
1
Trait Views of Female Delinquency
170
5
Biological Explanations: The Female Offender
171
1
Psychological Explanations
172
1
Contemporary Trait Views
172
1
Precocious Sexuality
172
1
The Biosocial Study of Female Delinquency
173
1
Hormonal Differences
174
1
Premenstrual Syndrome
174
1
Aggression
175
1
Socialization Views
175
5
Socialization and Delinquency
176
1
Focus on Socialization
176
2
Contemporary Socialization Views
178
1
Girls on the Run
179
1
Liberal Feminist Views
180
2
Sisters in Crime
180
1
Support for Liberal Feminism
181
1
Critiques of Liberal Feminism
181
1
Is Convergence Possible?
182
1
Radical Feminist Views
182
3
Crime and Patriarchy
183
1
Power-Control Theory
183
2
Gender and the Juvenile Justice System
185
2
Are Standards Changing?
185
1
Guardians of Virtue
186
1
Summary
187
1
Key Terms
187
1
Questions for Discussion
188
1
Viewpoint
188
1
Notes
188
4
The Family and Delinquency
192
34
The Changing American Family
194
2
Family Makeup
194
1
Childcare
195
1
Economic Stress
195
1
The Family's Influence on Delinquency
196
7
Family Breakup
196
2
Family Conflict
198
1
Does Divorce Matter? Two Opposing Views on Families in Crisis
199
1
Family Neglect/Support
200
2
Family Deviance
202
1
Child Abuse and Neglect
203
13
Do Families Matter?
204
1
A Historical Perspective
204
1
Defining Abuse and Neglect
205
1
Sexual Abuse
206
1
The Extent of Child Abuse
206
1
The Sexual Exploitation of Children
207
2
Causes of Child Abuse and Neglect
209
2
Relationship between Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment
211
1
The Child Protection System: Philosophy and Practice
212
2
The Abused Child in Court
214
2
Disposition of Abuse and Neglect Cases
216
1
Abuse, Neglect, and Delinquency
216
3
Case Studies of the Effects of Child Abuse
217
1
Cohort Studies of the Effects of Child Abuse
217
1
The Abuse-Delinquency Link
218
1
The Family and Delinquency Control Policy
219
1
Summary
220
1
Key Terms
220
1
Questions for Discussion
220
1
Viewpoint
221
1
Notes
221
5
Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups
226
40
Adolescent Peer Relations
228
2
Peer Relations and Delinquency
229
1
The Impact of Peer Relations
229
1
Youth Gangs
230
6
What Are Gangs?
231
1
The Study of Juvenile Gangs and Groups
231
3
Why Did Gang Activity Increase?
234
2
Contemporary Gangs
236
16
Gang Names
236
1
Gang Types
236
1
Location
237
2
Age
239
1
Gender
240
1
Formation
241
1
Girls in the Gang
242
1
Leadership
242
1
Communications
243
2
Criminality
245
2
Gang Boys and Guns
247
1
Ethnic and Racial Composition
248
4
Why Do Youths Join Gangs?
252
3
Anthropological View
252
1
Social Disorganization/Sociocultural View
253
1
Psychological View
254
1
Rational Choice View
254
1
Controlling Gang Activity
255
5
Law Enforcement Efforts
256
1
Boston's Youth Violence Strike Force (YVSF)
257
1
Community Control Efforts
258
1
Why Gang Control Is Difficult
259
1
Community-Based Anti-Gang Programs
259
1
Summary
260
1
Key Terms
260
1
Questions for Discussion
261
1
Viewpoint
261
1
Notes
261
5
Schools and Delinquency
266
34
The School in Modern American Society
268
2
Socialization and Status
269
1
Education in Crisis
270
1
Academic Performance and Delinquency
270
6
School Failure and Delinquency
272
1
Causes of School Failure
272
4
Dropping Out
276
1
Delinquency within the School
276
12
The School Crime Victimization Survey
277
2
School Shootings
279
2
The School Substance Abuse Survey
281
1
The Community and School Crime
282
2
Reducing School Crime
284
1
Bullying In School
284
4
Legal Rights within the School
288
5
School Attendance
288
1
Free Speech
289
1
School Prayer
290
1
School Discipline
291
1
Privacy
292
1
The Role of the School in Delinquency Control Policy
293
2
Summary
295
1
Key Terms
295
1
Questions for Discussion
295
1
Viewpoint
296
1
Notes
296
4
Drug Use and Delinquency
300
30
Frequently Abused Drugs
302
5
Marijuana and Hashish
302
1
Cocaine and Crack
303
1
Heroin
303
1
Other Drug Categories
304
1
Club Drugs
305
1
Alcohol
306
1
Cigarettes
306
1
Trends in Teenage Drug Use
307
2
The Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey
307
1
The PRIDE Survey
308
1
The National Household Survey of Drug Abuse
308
1
Are the Survey Results Accurate?
309
1
Why Do Youths Take Drugs?
309
3
Social Disorganization
309
1
Peer Pressure
310
1
Family Factors
310
1
Genetic Factors
311
1
Emotional Problems
311
1
Problem Behavior Syndrome
311
1
Rational Choice
311
1
Problem Behaviors and Substance Abuse
312
1
Pathways to Drug Abuse
312
4
Adolescents Who Distribute Small Amounts of Drugs
314
1
Adolescents Who Frequently Sell Drugs
314
1
Teenage Drug Dealers Who Commit Other Delinquent Acts
315
1
Losers and Burnouts
315
1
Persistent Offenders
316
1
Drug Use and Delinquency
316
3
Drugs and Chronic Offending
318
1
Explaining Drug Use and Delinquency
318
1
Drug Control Strategies
319
5
Law Enforcement Efforts
319
1
Education Strategies
320
1
Community Strategies
320
1
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)
321
1
Treatment Strategies
322
2
What Does the Future Hold?
324
1
Summary
325
1
Key Terms
325
1
Questions for Discussion
325
1
Viewpoint
326
1
Notes
326
4
Delinquency Prevention: Social and Developmental Perspectives
330
29
The Many Faces of Delinquency Prevention
332
7
Costs of Delinquency: A Justification for Prevention
333
2
A Brief History of Delinquency Prevention
335
2
Head Start
337
1
Classifying Delinquency Prevention
338
1
Early Prevention of Delinquency
339
6
Home-Based Programs
339
1
Improving Parenting Skills
340
1
Daycare Programs
341
1
Preschool
342
1
School Programs in the Primary Grades
343
2
Prevention of Delinquency in the Teenage Years
345
8
Mentoring
345
2
School Programs for Teens
347
1
After-School Programs
348
2
Job Training
350
1
Comprehensive Community-Based Programs
351
2
Blueprints for Violence Prevention
353
1
Future of Delinquency Prevention
353
1
Summary
354
1
Key Terms
354
1
Questions for Discussion
354
1
Viewpoint
355
1
Notes
355
4
Part Four The Juvenile Justice System
359
160
The History and Development of Juvenile Justice
360
28
Juvenile Justice in the Nineteenth Century
364
5
Urbanization
364
1
Child-Saving Movement
365
1
House of Refuge
365
1
Development of Juvenile Institutions
366
1
Children's Aid Society
366
2
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC)
368
1
Were They Really Child Savers?
368
1
A Century of Juvenile Justice
369
4
The Illinois Juvenile Court Act and Its Legacy
369
2
Reforming the System
371
2
Juvenile Justice Today
373
6
The Juvenile Justice Process
375
2
Conflicting Values in Juvenile Justice
377
1
Criminal Justice vs. Juvenile Justice
378
1
A Comprehensive Juvenile Justice Strategy
379
6
Prevention
380
1
Intervention
380
1
Graduated Sanctions
380
1
Institutional Programs
380
1
Alternative Courts
380
1
Teen Courts
381
1
Future of Juvenile Justice
382
1
Abolish the Juvenile Court?
383
2
Summary
385
1
Key Terms
385
1
Questions for Discussion
385
1
Viewpoint
386
1
Notes
386
2
Police Work with Juveniles
388
28
History of Juvenile Policing
390
1
Community Policing in the New Millennium
391
2
The Community Policing Model
392
1
The Police and Juvenile Offenders
393
4
Police Services
394
1
Police Roles
394
2
Police and Violent Juvenile Crime
396
1
Police and the Rule of Law
397
2
The Arrest Procedure
397
1
Search and Seizure
398
1
Custodial Interrogation
398
1
Discretionary Justice
399
7
Environmental Factors
401
1
Police Policy
401
1
Situational Factors
401
1
Bias and Police Discretion
402
2
Juvenile Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in Police Decision Making
404
1
Limiting Police Discretion
405
1
Police Work and Delinquency Prevention
406
5
Aggressive Law Enforcement
406
1
Community-Based Policing Services
406
1
Police in Schools
407
1
Integrated Policing Models
408
2
The SHIELD Program
410
1
Summary
411
1
Key Terms
411
1
Questions for Discussion
411
1
Viewpoint
412
1
Notes
412
4
Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial. Trial. and Sentencing
416
36
The Juvenile Court and Its Jurisdiction
418
4
Court Case Flow
418
1
The Actors in the Juvenile Courtroom
419
3
Juvenile Court Process
422
9
Release or Detain?
422
3
The Detention Diversion Advocacy Program
425
1
Bail for Children
426
1
The Intake Process
426
1
Juvenile Law in Review
427
1
Schall v. Martin
Diversion
428
1
The Petition
429
1
The Plea and Plea Bargaining
430
1
Transfer to the Adult Court
431
5
Waiver Procedures
431
2
Due Process in the Juvenile Waiver Procedure
433
1
Should Youths Be Transferred to Adult Court?
433
1
Juvenile Law in Review
Kent v. United States and Breed v. Jones
434
2
Juvenile Court Trial
436
11
Constitutional Rights at Trial
437
1
Juvenile Law in Review
In re Gault
438
1
Disposition
439
3
Juvenile Sentencing Structures
442
1
Sentencing Reform
443
1
The Death Penalty for Juveniles
444
1
The Child's Right to Appeal
444
1
Confidentiality in Juvenile Proceedings
445
2
Summary
447
1
Key Terms
448
1
Questions for Discussion
448
1
Viewpoint
448
1
Notes
449
3
Juvenile Corrections: Probation. Community Treatment. and Institutionalization
452
38
Juvenile Probation
455
6
Historical Development
455
1
Expanding Community Treatment
456
1
Contemporary Juvenile Probation
456
3
Organization and Administration
459
1
Duties of Juvenile Probation Officers
459
2
Probation Innovations
461
8
Intensive Supervision
461
1
Electronic Monitoring
462
1
Balanced Probation
463
1
Restitution
464
2
Residential Community Treatment
466
1
Nonresidential Community Treatment
467
1
Three Model Nonresidential Programs
468
1
Secure Corrections
469
1
History of Juvenile Institutions
469
1
Juvenile Institutions Today: Public and Private
470
2
Population Trends
471
1
Physical Conditions
471
1
The Institutionalized Juvenile
472
2
Male Inmates
472
1
Female Inmates
472
2
Correctional Treatment for Juveniles
474
6
Individual Treatment Techniques: Past and Present
475
1
Group Treatment Techniques
475
1
Educational, Vocational, and Recreational Programs
476
1
Wilderness Programs
477
1
Juvenile Boot Camps
478
2
The Legal Right to Treatment
480
2
The Struggle for Basic Civil Rights
481
1
Juvenile Aftercare
482
8
Supervision
482
1
Aftercare Revocation Procedures
483
1
Using the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) Model
484
1
Summary
485
1
Key Terms
485
1
Questions for Discussion
485
1
Viewpoint
486
1
Notes
486
4
Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Abroad
490
29
Delinquency around the World
493
2
Europe
493
1
The Americas
494
1
Australia and New Zealand
494
1
Asia
495
1
Africa
495
1
International Comparisons
495
8
Youth Violence on the Rise in Japan
496
1
Problems of Cross-National Research
497
1
Benefits of Cross-National Research
498
1
Juvenile Violence
499
1
Juvenile Property Crime
500
1
Juvenile Drug Use
501
1
Conclusion: What Do the Trends Tell Us?
501
2
Juvenile Justice Systems across Countries
503
6
Juvenile Policing
503
2
Age of Criminal Responsibility: Minimum and Maximum
505
1
Presence of Juvenile Court
505
1
Transfers to Adult Court
505
2
Precourt Diversion Programs around the World
507
1
Sentencing Policies
508
1
Incarcerated Juveniles
508
1
Aftercare
508
1
A Profile of Juvenile Justice in England
509
5
Apprehension and Charge
509
2
Bail
511
1
Precourt Diversion
511
1
Prosecution
512
1
Youth Court
512
1
Sentencing
513
1
Summary
514
1
Key Terms
514
1
Questions for Discussion
514
1
Viewpoint
515
1
Notes
515
4
Concluding Notes
519
8
Appendix
527
2
Glossary
529
12
Table of Cases
541
2
Name Index
543
10
Subject Index
553
14
Photograph Credits
567