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Tables of Contents for Voices of Wisdom
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface
xv
Chapter 1 What Is Philosophy?
1
18
1.1 A Definition of Philosophy
1
5
1.2 What Is Rationality?
6
4
1.3 What Is Tolerance?
10
9
Barry Schwartz
Tolerance
12
7
Chapter 2 How Should One Live?
19
58
2.1 Introduction
19
2
2.2 The Buddha and the Middle Way
21
7
The Buddha
The Four Noble Truths
22
2
Walpola Rahula
The Fourth Noble Truth
24
4
2.3 Confucius and the Life of Virtue
28
8
Confucius
Analects
30
6
2.4 Socrates on Living the Examined Life
36
15
Plato
The Apology
38
13
2.5 Aristotle on Happiness and the Life of Moderation
51
11
Aristotle
Nicomachean Ethics
53
9
2.6 The Song of God
62
8
Bhagavad-Gita
64
6
2.7 Native Americans and Mother Earth
70
7
Eagle Man
We Are All Related
72
5
Chapter 3 How Can I Know What Is Right?
77
34
3.1 Introduction
77
1
3.2 Kant and the Categorical Imperative
78
7
Immanuel Kant
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
80
5
3.3 Mill on Utilitarianism
85
9
John Stuart Mill
What Utilitarianism Is
87
7
3.4 Nietzsche and the Will to Power
94
8
Friedrich Nietzsche
Beyond Good and Evil
96
6
3.5 Toward a Feminist Ethic
102
9
Rita Manning
Just Caring
103
8
Chapter 4 What Makes a Society Just?
111
63
4.1 Introduction
111
2
4.2 On Theo-democracy
113
11
Abu'l A'la Mawdudi
Political Theory of Islam
115
9
4.3 The Individual and Society
124
10
John Stuart Mill
On Liberty
125
9
4.4 Capitalism and Exploitation
134
11
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Manifesto of the Communist Party
137
8
4.5 Our Obligation to the State
145
9
Plato
Crito
147
7
4.6 Civil Disobedience
154
12
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
155
11
4.7 Liberation of the Oppressed
166
8
Paulo Freire
Pedagogy of the Oppressed
167
7
Chapter 5 Is Justice for All Possible?
174
66
5.1 Introduction
174
1
5.2 The Death Penalty
175
7
Potter Stewart
Majority Opinion in Gregg v. Georgia
176
3
Thurgood Marshall
Dissenting Opinion in Gregg v. Georgia
179
3
5.3 The Right to a Good Death
182
10
J. Gay-Williams
The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia
183
3
Carl B. Becker
Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia
186
6
5.4 Affirmative Action, Sex Stereotyping, and Equal Opportunity
192
14
Michael Levin
Feminism and Freedom
195
4
Susan Leigh Anderson
Equal Opportunity, Freedom and Sex-Stereotyping
199
7
5.5 Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation
206
15
Daniel C. Palm
Homosexuality, Public Health, and Civil Rights
208
4
Richard E. Mohr
Gay Basics: Some Questions, Facts, and Values
212
9
5.6 Animal Rights
221
19
Peter Singer
All Animals Are Equal...
223
9
Bonnie Steinbock
Speciesism and the Idea of Equality
232
8
Chapter 6 Are We Free or Determined?
240
29
6.1 Introduction
240
1
6.2 We Are Determined
241
6
Robert Blatchford
Not Guilty
242
5
6.3 We Are Free
247
8
Jean-Paul Sartre
Existentialism
248
7
6.4 Karma and Freedom
255
5
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Karma and Freedom
256
4
6.5 We Are Both Free and Determined
260
9
Raymond M. Smullyan
Is God a Taoist?
261
8
Chapter 7 What Is Really Real?
269
47
7.1 Introduction
269
2
7.2 The Tao
271
10
Lao Tzu
Tao Te Ching
274
7
7.3 Platonic Dualism
281
9
Plato
The Republic
284
6
7.4 Nondualism
290
10
Shankara
The Crest-Jewel of Discrimination
292
8
7.5 Subjective Idealism
300
6
George Berkeley
The Principles of Human Knowledge
302
4
7.6 Materialism
306
5
Hugh Elliot
Modern Science and Materialism
307
4
7.7 So What Is Real?
311
5
Jorge Luis Borges
The Circular Ruins
312
4
Chapter 8 Is Knowledge Possible?
316
58
8.1 Introduction
316
3
8.2 Sufi Mysticism
319
9
Al-Ghazali
Deliverance from Error
320
8
8.3 Is Certainty Possible?
328
9
Rene Descartes
Meditations I and II
330
7
8.4 Empiricism and Limited Skepticism
337
9
David Hume
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
340
6
8.5 Should We Believe Beyond the Evidence?
346
9
William K. Clifford
The Ethics of Belief
348
2
William James
The Will to Believe
350
5
8.6 Skepticism
355
8
B. K. Matilal
Perception: An Essay on Classical Indian Theories of Knowledge
358
5
8.7 Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology
363
11
Patricia Hill Collins
Toward an Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology
364
10
Chapter 9 Is There a God?
374
51
9.1 Introduction
374
1
9.2 Cosmological Arguments
375
10
Maimonides
Guide for the Perplexed
378
6
St. Thomas Aquinas
Summa Theologica
384
1
9.3 The Origin of the Universe According to Modern Science
385
11
Victor Weisskopf
The Origin of the Universe
387
9
9.4 An Ontological Argument for God's Existence
396
5
Rene Descartes
Meditation V
398
3
9.5 Teleological Arguments for God's Existence
401
4
William Paley
The Watch : The Watchmaker :: The World : God
403
2
9.6 The Watchmaker Is Blind
405
12
Richard Dawkins
The Blind Watchmaker
407
10
9.7 The Gender of God
417
8
Mary Daly
Beyond God the Father
418
7
Chapter 10 Why Evil?
425
33
10.1 Introduction
425
2
10.2 Are Humans Good or Evil by Nature?
427
9
Mencius
Human Nature Is Good
429
3
Hsun Tzu
Human Nature Is Evil
432
4
10.3 Evil and Karma
436
5
Christmas Humphreys
What Karma Explains
437
4
10.4 The Problem of Evil in African Thought
441
5
Kwame Gyekye
The Problem of Evil
442
4
10.5 Why Do Babies Suffer?
446
5
B. C. Johnson
God and the Problem of Evil
447
4
10.6 Evil Cannot Be Explained
451
7
Emil Fackenheim
Jewish Faith and the Holocaust: A Fragment
453
5
Chapter 11 Who Am I, and Can I Survive Death?
458
65
11.1 Introduction
458
3
11.2 You Are Your Mind
461
13
Rene Descartes
Meditation VI
463
7
Rene Descartes
Princess Elisabeth
Correspondence Concerning the Union of Mind and Body
470
4
11.3 You Are an Embodied Self
474
11
Eve Browning Cole
Body, Mind, and Gender
476
9
11.4 There Is No Self
485
4
False Doctrines About the Soul and the Simile of the Chariot
487
2
11.5 You Are Not a Machine
489
9
John Searle
Can Computers Think?
491
7
11.6 You Are a Machine
498
7
Daniel C. Dennett
Consciousness Imagined
500
5
11.7 How Much Can I Change and Still Be Me?
505
11
Jeffry Olen
Personal Identity and Life After Death
506
10
11.8 What About Reincarnation?
516
7
Sri Aurobindo
The Reincarnating Soul
517
6
Glossary
523