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Tables of Contents for Media/Impact
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Section I OVERVIEW
2
40
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MASS MEDIA
4
22
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
6
1
UNDERSTANDING THE MASS MEDIA INDUSTRIES: THREE KEY THEMES
7
16
1. The Media as Business
8
1
Impact/Perspective The Business of Media
8
6
Jeff Greenfield
2. The Media and Communications Technology
14
1
Impact/Profiles Three Moguls of the Media
14
6
Impact/Perspective Technology's New Frontier
20
1
Kevin Maney
3. The Media and Political, Social, and Cultural Institutions
21
2
HOW MEDIA/IMPACT WORKS
23
1
In Focus
24
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
25
1
Chapter 2 MASS MEDIA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: INTERACTIVE AND ON-LINE
26
16
DEFINING THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY
27
2
One-Way Versus Two-Way Communication
27
1
"Dumb" Versus "Smart" Communications
28
1
HOW THE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK WOULD FUNCTION
29
4
The Receiver (You, the Subscriber)
30
1
Impact/Perspective Big-Game Hunting on the Net
30
2
Laura Evenson
The Channel (Cable, Telephone and Satellite Companies)
32
1
The Sender (Program Services)
32
1
The Message (Content)
33
1
HOW THE NEW COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK IS DIFFERENT
33
2
Creating the Network
34
1
Government Regulation
34
1
Copyrights for Intellectual Property
34
1
FIVE CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW NETWORK
35
4
Improved Storage
35
1
Impact/Perspective For Whom the Data Highway Tolls
36
1
Michael Schrage
A Coordinated Delivery System
36
2
A "Smart" Set-Top Box
38
1
Usable Menus
38
1
Secure Ordering and Billing Systems
39
1
WHEN WILL THE NEW COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK HAPPEN?
39
1
In Focus
40
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
41
1
Section II THE MEDIA INDUSTRIES
42
172
Chapter 3 THE NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY
44
29
TOWARD AN INDEPENDENT PRESS
45
3
Truth Versus Libel: The Zenger Trial
46
1
Women's Early Role as Publishers
47
1
Birth of the Partisan Press
47
1
INDUSTRY WINDOW/NEWSPAPERS
48
3
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF 19TH CENTURY TECHNOLOGY: NEWSPAPERS DIVERSIFY
51
3
Frontier Journalism
51
1
Ethnic and Native American Newspapers
52
1
Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press
52
2
MAKING NEWSPAPERS PROFITABLE
54
1
Toward Mass Readership: The Penny Press
54
1
Cooperative and For-Profit News Gathering
54
1
ACCREDITATION AND PHOTOJOURNALISM: THE CIVIL WAR YEARS
55
1
Government Accreditation of Journalists
55
1
The Birth of Photojournalism
56
1
NEWSPAPERS DOMINATE THE COUNTRY
56
3
Competition Breeds Sensationalism
56
1
Yellow Journalism and the Spanish-American War
57
1
Tabloid Journalism: Sex and Violence Sell
58
1
REPORTERS' EVOLVING ROLE
59
2
Unionization Encourages Professionalism
59
1
War Reporting: Press Freedom Versus National Interest
60
1
Impact/Profile Ernie Pyle: The War Correspondent Who Hated War
60
1
Dan Thomasson
NEWSPAPERS IN THE TELEVISION ERA
61
2
The Revival of the Dissident Press
62
1
Declining Readership
62
1
WORKING FOR NEWSPAPERS
63
1
NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
64
3
On-Line Newspapers
64
1
National Newspapers
65
1
News Services
65
1
Syndicates
66
1
Impact/Perspective On-line Technology Poses Dilemma for Newspapers
66
1
Louis Trager
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
67
3
Unions Versus Technology
68
1
Chain Power
68
1
A Scramble for Readers
69
1
In Focus
70
2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
72
1
Chapter 4 THE MAGAZINE INDUSTRY
73
21
COLONIAL COMPETITORS
74
1
THE FIRST NATIONAL MASS MEDIUM
75
1
REACHING NEW READERS
75
3
Women's Issues
75
1
Social Crusades
76
1
Fostering a Literary Tradition
76
1
Political Commentary
77
1
The Postal Act's Effects
78
1
THE MUCKRAKERS: MAGAZINE JOURNALISTS CAMPAIGN FOR CHANGE
78
2
Impact/Profile Ida Tarbell Targets
79
1
John D. Rockefeller
INDUSTRY WINDOW/MAGAZINES
80
2
TARGETED VERSUS BROAD READERSHIP: THE NEW YORKER AND TIME MAGAZINES
82
2
Harold Ross and The New Yorker
82
1
Henry Luce's Empire: Time
83
1
SPECIALIZED MAGAZINES TAKE OVER
84
1
WORKING FOR MAGAZINE PUBLISHERS
85
1
MAGAZINE INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
86
4
Segmenting the Audience
87
1
Magazine Start-Ups
88
1
Impact/Perspective Details Trashes the Image of Slick Men's Magazines
88
2
Dennis Romero
A Valuable Audience
90
1
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
90
2
Impact/Perspective Magazines That Help Surfers to Surf
90
2
John Burks
In Focus
92
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
93
1
Chapter 5 THE BOOK PUBLISHING INDUSTRY
94
21
HOW AMERICAN BOOK PUBLISHING BEGAN
95
1
REACHING A WIDER AUDIENCE
96
2
Political Pamphlets
96
1
Novels
96
1
Poetry
97
1
Humor
97
1
INDUSTRY WINDOW/BOOK PUBLISHING
98
3
International Copyright Law of 1891
100
1
Publishing Houses
100
1
Compulsory Education
100
1
CREATING A MASS MARKET
101
1
Book Clubs
101
1
Paperbacks
101
1
Testing Censorship
102
1
WORKING IN BOOK PUBLISHING
102
2
BOOK PUBLISHING ECONOMICS
104
7
Types of Books
104
2
Book Publishing Consolidates
106
1
Demand for Higher Profits
107
1
Impact/Perspective Rival Publishers Reel from Stephen King Thrillers
108
2
Doreen Carvajal
Impact/Profile Jeff Bezos Puts the Book Business On-line at Amazon com
110
1
Eric Scigliano
Small Presses
111
1
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
111
2
In Focus
113
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
114
1
Chapter 6 THE RADIO INDUSTRY
115
27
RADIO: A TECHNOLOGICAL LEAP
116
6
Radio's Progress
117
2
Policing the Airwaves
119
1
Independent Entrepreneurs
119
1
The Birth of Commercial Broadcasting: KDKA
120
1
Expansion and Regulation
120
2
INDUSTRY WINDOW/RADIO
122
3
THE NATION TUNES IN
125
4
Radio Comes of Age
125
1
Impact/Profile H.V. Kaltenborn (1878-1965)
126
2
Alice Goldfarb Marquis
The Growth of Radio Networks
128
1
RADIO IN THE TV ERA
129
3
The FCC Recognizes FM: Edwin H. Armstrong
129
1
BMI Licenses Recordings
130
1
Formats Revolutionize Programming: Gordon McLendon
130
1
Clock and Car Radios
131
1
Payola: Alan Freed
131
1
WORKING FOR RADIO
132
1
RADIO INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
133
4
Market Leader: FM
133
1
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
133
1
Ratings Controversy
134
1
Fine-Tuning the Format
135
2
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
137
3
Impact/Perspective Radio Waves to the Future
138
2
Josh Hyatt
In Focus
140
2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
141
1
CHAPTER 7 THE RECORDING INDUSTRY
142
15
FROM EDISON'S AMAZING TALKING MACHINE TO 33 1/3 RPM RECORDS
143
2
HI-FI AND STEREO ROCK IN
145
1
INDUSTRY WINDOW/RECORDINGS
146
2
WORKING IN THE RECORDING INDUSTRY
148
1
RECORDING INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
149
5
Money Matters
149
1
Moral Matters
150
2
Impact/Perspective Recording Industry: Between Rock and Hard Place
152
2
David Lieberman
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
154
1
In Focus
155
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
156
1
Chapter 8 THE TELEVISION INDUSTRY
157
29
TELEVISION TECHNOLOGY: BEGINNINGS
159
1
TELEVISION TAKES OVER RADIO
160
2
A New Kind of News
161
1
INDUSTRY WINDOW/TELEVISION
162
7
Impact/Profile Edward R. Murrow(1908-1965)
164
1
Theodore H. White
Entertainment Programming
165
3
Measuring the Audience
168
1
TV GROWS UP
169
7
A "Vast Wasteland"?
170
1
Impact/Perspective A Vaster Wasteland
170
2
Newton Minow
Public Television
172
1
Satellites Extend Television's Technological Reach
173
1
Maturing as a News Medium
173
3
WORKING IN TELEVISION
176
2
TV INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
178
3
Station Ownership
178
1
The Networks' Role
178
1
Growth of Independent Stations
179
1
Ratings Accuracy: People Meters
179
1
Cable
180
1
Sports Programming
180
1
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
181
2
Significant Technological Developments
181
1
Forecasting the Future: A Telepresence?
182
1
In Focus
183
2
Impact/Perspective On-line TV
184
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
185
1
Chapter 9 THE MOVIE INDUSTRY
186
28
CAPTURING MOTION ON FILM: HOW MOVIES BEGAN
187
4
Early Inventors in the Movie Industry
187
1
American Movies Premiere
188
1
Early Films
189
1
The Studio System Is Born
190
1
THE MOVIES BECOME BIG BUSINESS
191
1
A Change of Scene
191
1
INDUSTRY WINDOW/MOVIES
192
6
Block Booking
194
1
Rebels with a Cause: United Artists
194
1
Responding to Critics: Self-Regulation
195
1
Impact/Profile The Lincoln Motion Picture Company
196
1
Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies
197
1
THE RISE OF THE MOGULS: GROWTH OF THE STUDIO SYSTEM
198
1
THE GOLDEN AGE AND AFTER
199
5
The End of an Era
199
2
How TV Changed the Movie Industry
201
3
MOVIE INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
204
3
Impact/Perspective Hollywood Goes After Internet Pirates
204
1
Constance Sommer
Coping with Dropping Ticket Sales
205
1
Capitalizing on Ancillary Rights
206
1
WORKING IN THE MOVIE INDUSTRY
207
1
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
208
3
Globalization and Merging Technologies
209
1
Impact/Perspective Digital Systems Slice Video Editing Time
210
1
John P. Mello, Jr.
In Focus
211
2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
213
1
Section III SUPPORT INDUSTRIES
214
44
Chapter 10 ADVERTISING
216
22
PAYING FOR OUR PLEASURES: ADVERTISING AND THE MEDIA
216
3
How Ads Began
217
1
Newspaper Advertising
217
1
Magazine Advertising
218
1
Radio Advertising
218
1
Television Advertising
219
1
HOW ADVERTISEMENTS WORK
219
4
Common Characteristics
220
1
Grabbing Attention
221
1
The Psychology of Ads
221
1
Studying the Audience: Demographics
222
1
CRITICISM OF ADVERTISING
223
1
WORKING IN AD AGENCIES
224
2
Impact/Perspective Fighting Bad Press for Tobacco
225
1
Mike Brown
ADVERTISING INDUSTRY ECONOMICS
226
8
TV Commercials
227
2
Other Media Advertising
229
1
Local Advertising
230
1
Impact/Perspective Taking the High-Tech Leap
230
2
Nancy B. Kenny
Impact/Perspective Nike Maps Lofty Goals for the Web
232
2
Jeff Jensen
ADVERTISING REGULATION
234
1
Liquor Advertising
234
1
Deceptive Advertising
234
1
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
235
1
In Focus
236
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
237
1
Chapter 11 PUBLIC RELATIONS
238
20
ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF PUBLIC RELATIONS
239
3
The Press and Public Relations
239
2
Development of Ethics Codes
241
1
HOW PUBLIC RELATIONS WORKS
242
3
Financial Public Relations
242
1
Product Public Relations
243
1
Crisis Public Relations
243
2
PR AGENCIES TODAY
245
9
Types of Clients
245
2
Impact/Perspective How Public Relations Works in International Crises
247
1
Susen Bovet
The PR Job
248
2
Public Relations and the Media
250
1
Impact/Perspective Public Relations Plugs into a World of Information
250
1
Betsy Wiesendanger
Impact/Perspective Public Relations and Politics
252
2
Howard Kurtz
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
254
1
In Focus
255
2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
257
1
Section IV ISSUES AND EFFECTS
258
88
Chapter 12 OWNERSHIP ISSUES AND PRESS PERFORMANCE ISSUES
260
16
OWNERSHIP ISSUES
261
4
Media Concentration
262
1
Competition and Convergence
263
1
Why Media Properties Are Selling
263
1
Advantages of Concentration
264
1
Disadvantages of Concentration
264
1
PRESS PERFORMANCE ISSUES
265
8
Today's Journalists
265
3
News Values
268
1
Impact/Perspective Agenda-Setting
268
2
Richard Morin
Blurring Distinctions: News, Reality Shows, and Advertising
270
1
Impact/Perspective News Versus Advertising
271
1
Paul Farhi
The Public and the Press
272
1
UNDERSTANDING OWNERSHIP AND PRESS PERFORMANCE
273
1
In Focus
274
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
275
1
Chapter 13 MEDIA EFFECTS
276
20
ASSESSING THE IMPACT: MEDIA STUDIES
277
5
The Payne Fund Studies
278
1
The Cantril Study
278
1
The Lasswell Model
279
1
Studies of Television
279
3
THE MEDIA AND NATIONAL POLITICS
282
5
The Fireside Chats
282
1
The People's Choice
282
1
The Unseeing Eye
283
4
SOME IDEAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
287
6
Spiral of Silence
287
1
Children's Viewing Habits
288
1
Stereotyping
288
1
No Sense of Place
289
1
Impact/Perspective Multiculturalism and the Media
290
2
Howard Kurtz
Impact/Perspective Deterioration of Public Discourse
292
1
David Broder
UNDERSTANDING MEDIA EFFECTS
293
1
In Focus
294
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
295
1
Chapter 14 LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES
296
31
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
297
1
GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTS TO RESTRICT PRESS FREEDOM
297
2
The Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798
297
1
The Espionage Act of 1918
298
1
The Smith Act of 1940
298
1
HUAC and the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
298
1
PRIOR RESTRAINT
299
4
Near v. Minnesota
299
1
The Pentagon Papers
299
1
The Progressive Case
300
1
Restricting the Press at Grenada
300
1
Excerpts from the 1943 Code of Wartime Practices for American Broadcasters
300
1
News Blackouts and Press Pools
301
1
Impact/Perspective From Here to Immodesty: Milestones in the Toppling of TV's Taboos
302
1
Sheila Muto
CENSORSHIP
303
5
Local Efforts
304
1
National Efforts
305
7
Impact/Perspective Local Censorship and Where's Waldo?
312
Anna Quindlen
LIBEL LAW
308
4
The Sullivan Case
309
1
Charges and Defenses for Libel
310
1
Today's Libel Laws and the Media
311
1
PRIVACY LAW
312
3
Physical or Mental Solitude
313
1
Embarrassing Personal Facts
313
1
False Light
314
1
Right of Publicity
314
1
FAIR TRIAL AND RIGHT OF ACCESS
315
1
Fair Trial
315
1
Courtroom Access
315
1
BROADCAST REGULATION
316
6
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
316
2
Major Provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996
318
2
Communications Decency Act (CDA)
320
2
The Telecommunications Act and the Future of Television
322
1
ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS LAW AND REGULATION
322
2
Legal Issues
322
1
Regulatory Issues
323
1
In Focus
324
2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
326
1
Chapter 15 ETHICAL PRACTICES
327
19
ORIGIN OF ETHICAL CONCEPTS IN JOURNALISM
327
1
DEFINING ETHICAL DILEMMAS
328
9
Truthfulness
329
1
Impact/Perspective O.J. Simpson Magazine Cover Controversy
330
1
Fairness
331
3
Privacy
334
1
Responsibility
335
2
PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES OF JOURNALISTIC ETHICS
337
1
HOW THE MEDIA DEFINE ETHICS
338
6
Codes of Ethics
339
2
Three Responses to Criticism
341
1
Impact/Perspective Ethics Clinic
342
1
Bob Steele
The Importance of Professional Ethics
343
1
In Focus
344
1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
345
1
Section V INTERNATIONAL MEDIA
346
27
Chapter 16 A GLOBAL MEDIA MARKETPLACE
348
25
DIFFERING STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
349
1
THE MEDIA AND GOVERNMENT
349
3
Political Theories of Media Systems
350
1
The Developmental Theory
351
1
WORLD MEDIA SYSTEMS
352
11
Western Europe and Canada
352
2
Impact/Perspective Mexican TV Gets "Personal"
354
1
Molly Moore
Eastern Europe
355
2
Middle East and North Africa
357
1
Africa
358
2
Asia and the Pacific
360
2
Latin America and the Caribbean
362
1
NEWS AND INFORMATION FLOW
363
2
New World Information and Communications Order
363
1
UNESCO's 1978 Declaration
364
1
The MacBride Report
364
1
GLOBAL MEDIA MARKETS
365
5
A Rapidly Expanding Marketplace
366
1
An Uninhibited Pathway for Ideas
366
1
Impact/Perspective Japan's Newest Heartthrobs Are Sexy, Talented and Virtual
367
3
Andrew Pollack
In Focus
370
2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
372
1
Section VI STUDENT RESOURCE GUIDE
373
17
GLOSSARY OF MEDIA TERMS
374
4
MEDIA RESEARCH DIRECTORY
378
8
GENERAL INFORMATION
378
2
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
380
1
INDEXES
381
1
Print Indexes
381
1
ON-LINE SERVICES
381
1
MEDIA WEBSITES
382
1
PERIODICALS
383
3
Advertising
383
1
Broadcasting
383
1
Magazine and Book Publishing
383
1
Movies
384
1
Newspapers
384
1
Public Relations
384
1
Recordings
384
1
Global Media
385
1
Media-Related Topics
385
1
FINDING SUBJECT HEADINGS FOR MASS MEDIA INFORMATION
386
2
FINDING MEDIA ORGANIZATIONS
388
2
END NOTES
390
11
INDEX
401