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Tables of Contents for Sniffy, the Virtual Rat
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Preface: Installing and Running Sniffy Lite
ix
Acknowledgments
xiv
Introduction to Sniffy
1
6
Why We Created Sniffy
1
1
How We Created Sniffy, the Animated Creature
2
1
Sniffy, the Program
2
2
Sniffy Is a Learning Tool, Not a Research Tool
4
1
Applying What You Learn from Sniffy
5
2
Introduction to Operant Conditioning
7
10
Edward Thorndike
7
1
B. F. Skinner
8
3
The Operant Chamber
11
2
Reinforcement and Punishment
13
4
Basic Operant Phenomena: Magazine Training, Shaping, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, and Secondary Reinforcement
17
28
Important Technical Notice
17
1
A First Look at Sniffy Lite
18
2
Operant Conditioning: Technique
20
1
Magazine Training
21
2
Shaping: Teaching Sniffy to Press the Bar
23
4
Cumulative Records: Visualizing Sniffy's Bar-Press Performance
27
3
Accelerating Time
30
1
(Optional). Training Real Animals
31
3
Extinction
34
4
Secondary Reinforcement
38
2
Spontaneous Recovery
40
2
Copying and Pasting the Contents of a Sniffy Lite Window
42
3
Schedules of Reinforcement and the Partial-Reinforcement Effect
45
16
Background and Examples
45
4
Variable-Ratio (VR) and Variable-Interval (VI) Schedules
49
1
Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedules
50
1
Fixed-Interval (FI) Schedules
50
1
Setting Up a Schedule in the Design Operant Experiment Dialogue Box
51
1
Placing Sniffy on a Small VR Schedule
52
2
Increasing the Value of Sniffy's VR Schedule
54
2
Variable-Interval Schedules
56
1
Fixed-Ratio Schedules
56
1
Fixed-Interval Schedules
57
1
How Realistic Are Sniffy's Schedule Performances?
57
1
The Effect of Partial Reinforcement on Extinction
58
3
Introduction to Classical Conditioning
61
22
Background
61
1
The Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
62
2
The Design Classical Conditioning Experiment Dialogue Box
64
4
The Sensitivity & Fear Mind Window
68
1
The CS Response Strength Mind Window
68
1
The Suppression-Ratio Window
69
1
The Cumulative Record During Classical Conditioning
70
1
How to Get Reliable, Comparable Results
70
1
Putting Everything Together to Understand Classical Conditioning
71
1
Exporting Your Results to Other Programs
72
2
Time-Saving Hints
74
1
Basic Acquisition
75
3
Extinction
78
2
Spontaneous Recovery
80
3
APPENDIX 1 User's Guide to Commands and Dialogue Boxes
83
8
The File Menu
83
1
The Edit Menu
84
1
The Experiment Menu
85
4
Design Operant Experiment
85
1
Remove Sniffy for Time-Out
86
1
Design Classical Conditioning Experiment
87
1
Run Classical Conditioning Experiment
87
1
Isolate Sniffy (Accelerate Time)
88
1
Show Sniffy
88
1
The Windows Menu
89
2
APPENDIX 2 How to Manage Your Sniffy Lite Files
91
19
Floppy Disks and Hard Disks
91
2
Deciding Where to Save Your Files
93
2
Getting Easy Access to the Sniffy Lite Program and Your Sniffy Lite Files from Your Computer Desktop
95
2
Creating a Windows Shortcut
95
1
Creating a Macintosh Alias
96
1
Saving Files
97
5
Saving Files in Windows
97
3
Saving Files on a Macintosh
100
2
Opening Files
102
3
Opening Files in Windows
102
1
Opening Files on a Macintosh
103
2
Copying Files from a Hard Disk to a Floppy Disk
105
2
Instructions for Windows Users
105
1
Instructions for Macintosh Users
106
1
Copying Files from a Floppy Disk to a Hard Disk
107
1
Instructions for Windows Users
107
1
Instructions for Macintosh Users
107
1
Using Sniffy Lite for Macintosh Files on a Windows PC and Vice Versa
108
2
References
110
2
Index
112