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Tables of Contents for Psychology & the Legal System
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
1 Psychology and the Law: Impossible Choices
1
28
The Importance of Laws
3
4
Different Approaches to the Study of the Law
7
2
Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law
9
1
THE FIRST DILEMMA: RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS VERSUS THE COMMON GOOD
10
4
THE SECOND DILEMMA: EQUALITY VERSUS DISCRETION
14
5
THE THIRD DILEMMA: TO DISCOVER THE TRUTH OR TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS
19
4
THE FOURTH DILEMMA: SCIENCE VERSUS THE LAW AS A SOURCE OF DECISIONS
23
3
Summary
26
1
Key Terms
27
2
2 Psychologists and the Legal System
29
22
The Place of Values
30
1
The Psychologist's Relationship to Society
30
4
The Psychologist's Relationship to the Law
34
8
Ethical Considerations in Each Role
42
6
Summary
48
1
Key Terms
49
2
3 Legality, Morality, and Justice
51
22
Legality versus Morality
54
5
The Development of Conceptions of Morality
59
7
What Is Justice?
66
1
Equity Theory: An Attempt to Understand Justice
67
3
Belief in a "Just World"
70
1
Summary
71
1
Key Terms
72
1
4 Lawyers: Socialization, Training, and Ethics
73
26
Law Schools and Legal Education
74
1
The Case Method
75
1
Skills Training
76
3
Going to Law School
79
1
Women in Law School and the Legal Profession
80
5
Minorities in Law School and the Legal Profession
85
1
The Decision to Become a Lawyer
85
2
Lawyers and Ethics
87
3
Criticisms of Lawyers
90
6
Too Many Lawyers?
96
1
Summary
97
1
Key Terms
97
2
5 Theories of Crime
99
32
Theories of Crime as Explanations of Criminal Behavior
102
2
Sociological Theories of Crime
104
3
Biological Theories of Crime
107
7
Psychological Theories of Crime
114
4
Social-Psychological Theories of Crime
118
6
Integration of Theories of Crime
124
5
Summary
129
1
Key Terms
129
2
6 The Police and the Criminal Justice System
131
30
Selection of Police Officers
134
4
The Validity of Police Screening
138
1
Fitness-for-Duty Evaluations
139
1
Training of Police Officers
139
1
Training in Crisis Intervention
140
6
The Police Officer's Job
146
1
Stress and the Police
147
4
Is There a Police Personality?
151
2
Police Community Relations
153
5
Summary
158
1
Key Terms
159
2
7 Crime Investigation: Eyewitnesses
161
32
Examples of Mistaken Identification
163
1
Points at Which a Mistaken Identification Can Occur
164
3
Basic Information Processing: Perception and Memory
167
2
Repressed and Recovered Memories
169
4
Psychological Tests of Eyewitnesses' Accuracy
173
1
The Eyewitness in the Courtroom
174
1
Expert Testimony by Psychologists
175
5
Use of Hypnosis with Eyewitnesses
180
10
Summary
190
2
Key Terms
192
1
8 Identification and Evaluation of Criminal Suspects
193
28
Profiling of Criminal Suspects
194
4
"Lie Detection" through the Use of the Polygraph
198
8
Use of Confessions
206
1
The Voluntariness of Confessions
207
8
Entrapment
215
4
Summary
219
1
Key Terms
220
1
9 The Rights of Victims and the Rights of the Accused
221
26
Fairness to the Accused: The Warren Court Decisions
222
7
The Shift in Supreme Court Decisions
229
6
The Fourth Amendment Today
235
4
The Rights of Victims and Potential Victims
239
3
Advantages to the Prosecution and to the Defense in a Criminal Trial
242
1
The Future of the Dilemma
243
1
Summary
244
1
Key Terms
245
2
10 Between Arrest and Trial
247
30
Steps between Arrest and Trial
248
7
The Decision to Set Bail
255
7
The Role of the Grand Jury
262
1
Plea Bargaining
263
8
Effects of Pretrial Publicity
271
4
Summary
275
1
Key Terms
276
1
11 Forensic Assessment I: Competence and Insanity
277
38
Competence
279
14
The Insanity Defense
293
19
Summary
312
1
Key Terms
313
2
12 Forensic Assessment II: Civil Issues
315
22
The Scope of Forensic Psychology
316
1
Psychological Damages to Civil Plaintiffs
317
5
Workers' Compensation
322
3
Civil Competencies
325
2
Psychological Autopsies
327
2
Child Custody and Parental Fitness
329
3
Experts in the Adversarial System
332
2
Summary
334
1
Key Terms
335
2
13 The Trial Process
337
22
What Is the Purpose of a Trial?
339
2
Steps in the Trial Process
341
3
The Adversarial System
344
1
Judges' Decisions versus Juries' Decisions
345
12
Summary
357
1
Key Terms
358
1
14 Jury Trials I: Jury Representativeness and Selection
359
24
The O. J. Simpson Criminal Trial as an Illustration of Jury Selection
360
2
General Problems in Forming a Jury Panel
362
5
Voir Dire: A Reasonable Process with Unreasonable Outcomes?
367
11
"Scientific Jury Selection": Does It Work Any Better?
378
1
Lawyers, Psychologists, and Ethics: Problems with Jury Selection
379
1
Summary
380
1
Key Terms
381
2
15 Jury Trials II: Assumptions and Reforms
383
30
Assumptions About Jurors and Juries
385
1
The Assumption of a Tabula Rasa
385
6
The Assumption of an Evidentiary Focus
391
8
The Assumption That Jurors Are Accurate and Complete Information Processors
399
5
The Assumption That Jurors Can Suspend Judgment
404
1
The Assumption That Jury Deliberations Are Unaffected by Group Pressures or Personal Wishes
405
3
The Jury: An Institution Long on Tradition But Short on Evaluation
408
3
Summary
411
1
Key Terms
412
1
16 Psychology of Victims
413
28
The Prevalence of Victims
414
1
Offenders as Victims
414
2
Types of Victims
416
1
Sexual Harassment
416
4
Battered Women
420
3
Rape
423
15
Summary
438
1
Key Terms
439
2
17 The Rights of Special Groups
441
28
Children's Rights in Society
442
4
Rights of Children in the Legal System
446
12
Rights of Mental Patients
458
5
Rights of Prisoners
463
3
Summary
466
2
Key Terms
468
1
18 Punishment and Sentencing
469
26
Responses to Crime: The Issue of Crime Control
470
1
Sentencing: Difficult Choices
471
3
Determinants of Sentencing: Relevant and Irrelevant
474
2
Disparities in Judges' Sentences
476
1
Possible Sources of Bias in Judges
477
3
The Sentencing Process
480
1
The Death Penalty: The Ultimate Punishment
481
6
Sentencing by Jury
487
6
Summary
493
1
Key Terms
494
1
GLOSSARY
495
10
REFERENCES
505
38
CREDITS
543
2
NAME INDEX
545
14
SUBJECT INDEX
559