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Tables of Contents for The Rhetorical Act
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART ONE Rhetorical Action
A Rhetorical Perspective
3
20
What is Rhetoric?
5
3
Rhetorical Acts
8
1
Rhetorical Purposes
9
8
Creating Virtual Experience
9
1
Altering Perception
10
3
Explaining
13
1
Formulating Belief
14
1
Initiating Action
15
2
Maintaining Action
17
1
The Discipline of Rhetoric
17
2
Criticism is Feedback
19
2
Exercises
21
1
Sources
22
1
The Rhetorical Act
23
32
Elements of Rhetorical Action
24
7
Statement of J. C. Alvarez
25
2
Descriptive Analysis
27
4
Elements of Descriptive Analysis
31
19
Testimony of J. C. Alvarez
35
5
Descriptive Analysis
40
10
Exercises
50
1
Sources
51
4
PART TWO The Rhetorical Problem
Obstacles Arising from the Audience
55
36
The Audience
57
4
The Empirical Audience
57
1
The Target Audience
58
1
The Agents of Change
58
1
The Created or Constructed Audience
59
2
Attention
61
3
Perception and Interpretation
64
6
Attitudes
64
2
Beliefs
66
1
Decoding
67
3
Needs and Values of the Audience
70
3
Needs
70
1
Values
71
2
Specific and Feasible Action
73
1
Examples of Rhetorical Problems
74
5
Sex Education and Condom Distribution
75
1
Gun Control
76
1
State-Sponsored Lotteries
77
2
Summary
79
1
Material for Analysis
80
7
Testimony of Anita F. Hill
81
5
Questions for Analysis
86
1
Exercise
87
2
Discovering Audience Beliefs and Attitudes
87
2
Sources
89
2
Obstacles Arising from Subject and Purpose
91
28
Subject-Related Obstacles
92
5
Complexity
92
2
Cultural History
94
3
Purpose-Related Obstacles
97
3
Cost
98
1
Control
99
1
Analysis of Obstacles
100
6
Health Care Reform
101
1
Gun Control
102
3
Sex Education and Condom Distribution
105
1
Summary
106
2
Material for Analysis
108
8
When Cant Becomes Can't---Or, How to Argue with Intransigents
109
7
Questions for Analysis
116
1
Exercise
116
3
Coping with Boredom and Hostility
116
3
Obstacles to Source Credibility
119
32
Prior Ethos
122
8
Reputation
122
2
Appearance
124
1
Your Introduction
125
1
The Context
126
3
The Occasion
129
1
Ethos from the Rhetorical Act
130
7
Identification
131
2
Social Power
133
1
Participation
134
3
The Rhetorical Problem: Interrelationships
137
1
Summary
137
1
Material for Analysis
138
11
Speech by Governor Bill Clinton
140
8
Questions for Analysis
148
1
Sources
149
2
Understanding the Rhetorical Problem: The Resources of Analysis
151
26
Standards for Evaluation
156
3
The Effects Criterion
156
1
The Truth Criterion
157
1
The Artistic Criterion
157
1
The Ethical Criterion
158
1
Context and Occasion
159
9
Competing Rhetorical Action
159
1
Preceding or Subsequent Events
160
2
Media of Transmission
162
3
Expectations and Requirements Created by the Occasion
165
3
Summary
168
1
Material for Analysis
168
3
Questions for Analysis
171
1
Exercise
171
2
A Group Rhetorical Analysis
171
2
Sources
173
4
PART THREE Resources for Rhetorical Action
The Resources of Evidence
177
26
Examples
178
3
Authority
181
2
Statistics
183
7
Analogies
190
4
Literal Analogies
190
1
Figurative Analogies
191
3
Summary
194
2
Material for Analysis
196
4
The Sliwa Solution
196
3
Questions for Analysis
199
1
Exercises
200
3
Adapting Evidence and Language
200
1
Using Audiovisual Aids
201
2
The Resources of Argument
203
40
Claims
204
1
Reasons
205
1
Issues
206
6
Questions of Fact
206
1
Questions of Value
207
1
Questions of Policy
208
4
Invention
212
6
Enthymemes
215
3
Dimensions of Rhetorical Action
218
6
Instrumental--Consummatory
219
1
Justificatory--Ritualistic
220
1
Logical--Associative
221
1
Literal--Figurative
222
2
Factual--Psychological
224
1
Summary
224
1
Material for Analysis
225
13
Jesus Was a Feminist
226
11
Questions for Analysis
237
1
Exercises
238
5
Name-Calling
238
1
Glittering Generalities
239
1
Transference---Guilt or Glory by Association
239
1
Begging the Question
239
1
The False Dilemma
240
1
Plain Folks Appeal
240
1
Argumentum Ad Populum
240
3
The Resources of Organization
243
42
Outlining
244
5
Forms of Organization
249
13
Through Time or Sequence
249
5
Through Facets or Aspects
254
2
Cause--Effect, Problem-Solution
256
6
Adapting Structure to the Audience
262
9
Introductions
264
3
Conclusions
267
4
Adapting Your Outline to the Audience
271
5
Deductive Structure
271
1
Inductive Structure
272
1
Two-Sided or Refutative Structure
272
4
Summary
276
1
Material for Analysis
277
7
Remarks on Breast Cancer
277
6
Questions for Analysis
283
1
Exercise
284
1
Two-Sided Presentations
284
1
The Resources of Language: Style and Strategy
285
46
The Characteristics of Language
285
6
Naming
286
2
Abstracting
288
2
Negating
290
1
Style
291
6
Formality
291
2
Precision
293
1
Literalness
294
1
Redundancy
295
1
Evaluating Style
296
1
Strategies
297
24
Strategies of Proof
298
4
Strategies to Animate and Vivify
302
11
Strategies to Change Connotations
313
8
Summary
321
2
Material for Analysis
323
6
``When the Roll Is Called Down Here''
323
5
Questions for Analysis
328
1
Sources
329
2
Nonverbal Elements in Rhetoric
331
20
Nonverbal Adjuncts to Speech
332
3
Nonverbal Meaning
335
4
Evaluations
335
1
Power
336
1
Dynamism
337
1
Responses to Nonverbal Cues
338
1
Nonverbal Rhetoric
339
3
Summary
342
1
Material for Analysis
343
5
Flagellation
345
3
Questions for Analysis
348
1
Sources
348
3
APPENDIX Your Rhetorical Act
351
41
Picking a Topic
352
2
Researching a Subject
354
11
General Sources
355
1
Specific Sources
356
8
Taking Notes
364
1
Organizing Your Material
365
9
Narrowing or Limiting Your Topic
365
2
Choosing a Thesis
367
7
Preparing Your Presentation
374
7
Delivering Your Speech
381
5
Preparing the Scene
381
1
Presenting Materials
382
1
Presenting Yourself
383
3
Exercises
386
1
Strategy Report
387
3
Sources
390
2
Index
392