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Tables of Contents for British Plant Communities
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of figures
vii
Foreword
viii
Preface and acknowledgements
ix
Preamble
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3
14
The background to the work
3
1
The scope and methods of data collection
4
3
The approach to data analysis
7
1
The style of presentation
8
9
Woodlands and scrub
INTRODUCTION TO WOODLANDS AND SCRUB
17
18
The sampling of woodland vegetation
17
3
Data analysis and the description of woodland communities
20
1
Mixed deciduous and oak-birch woodlands
21
7
Major floristic trends in relation to soils
21
2
Climatic contrasts between south-east and north-west Britain
23
2
Other floristic patterns related to climate
25
1
The effects of sylvicultural treatments
26
2
Beech and yew woodlands
28
1
Pine and juniper woodlands and montane willow scrub
29
1
Wet woodlands with alder, birch and willows
30
4
Scrub and underscrub communities
34
1
KEY TO WOODLANDS AND SCRUB
35
12
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
47
322
Salix cinerea-Galium palustre woodland
48
4
Salix cinerea-Betula pubescens-Phragmites australis woodland
52
13
Salix pentandra-Carex rostrata woodland
65
7
Betula pubescens-Molinia caerulea woodland
72
8
Alnus glutinosa-Carex paniculata woodland
80
11
Alnus glutinosa-Urtica dioica woodland
91
11
Alnus glutinosa-Fraxinus excelsior-Lysimachia nemorum woodland
102
11
Fraxinus excelsior-Acer campestre-Mercurialis perennis woodland
113
45
Fraxinus excelsior-Sorbus aucuparia-Mercurialis perennis woodland
158
14
Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland
172
25
Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Oxalis acetosella woodland
197
20
Fagus sylvatica-Mercurialis perennis woodland
217
17
Taxus baccata woodland
234
7
Fagus sylvatica-Rubus fruticosus woodland
241
10
Fagus sylvatica-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland
251
12
Quercus spp.-Betula spp.-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland
263
15
Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Dicranum majus woodland
278
22
Pinus sylvestris-Hylocomium splendens woodland
300
16
Juniperus communis ssp. communis-Oxalis acetosella woodland
316
11
Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub
327
6
Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub
333
14
Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub
347
5
Ulex europaeus-Rubus fruticosus scrub
352
5
Rubus fruticosus-Holcus lanatus underscrub
357
7
Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub
364
5
Index of Synonyms to Woodlands and Scrub
369
8
Index of Species in Woodlands and Scrub
377
8
Bibliography
385
208
List of figures
viii
Preface and acknowledgements
ix
Preamble
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3
14
The background to the work
3
1
The scope and methods of data collection
4
3
The approach to data analysis
7
1
The style of presentation
8
9
Mires
INTRODUCTION TO MIRES
17
14
The sampling of mire vegetation
17
3
Data analysis and the description of mire communities
20
1
Bog and wet heath communities
20
2
Bog pool communities and poor fens
22
2
Sedge- and Schoenus-dominated rich fens
24
2
Fen-meadows and rush-pastures
26
3
Soakways and springs
29
2
KEY TO MIRES
31
316
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community
46
5
Sphagnum cuspidatum/recurvum bog pool community
51
5
Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community
56
2
Carex rostrata-Sphagnum recurvum mire
58
3
Carex rostrata-Sphagnum squarrosum mire
61
5
Carex echinata-Sphagnum recurvum/auriculatum mire
66
12
Carex curta-Sphagnum russowii mire
78
6
Carex rostrata-Sphagnum warnstorfii mire
84
4
Carex rostrata-Calliergon cuspidatum/giganteum mire
88
9
Carex dioica-Pinguicula vulgaris mire Pinguiculo-Caricetum dioicae Jones 1973 emend.
97
18
Carex demissa-Saxifraga aizoides mire Carici-Saxifragetum aizoidis McVean & Ratcliffe 1962 emend.
115
9
Carex saxatilis mire Caricetum saxatilis McVean & Ratcliffe 1962
124
4
Schoenus nigricans-Juncus subnodulosus mire Schoenetum nigricantis Koch 1926
128
12
Schoenus nigricans-Narthecium ossifragum mire
140
4
Scirpus cespitosus-Erica tetralix wet heath
144
14
Erica tetralix-Sphagnum compactum wet heath Ericetum tetralicis Schwickerath 1933
158
13
Scirpus cespitosus-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire
171
12
Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire
183
12
Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire
195
17
Eriophorum vaginatum blanket and raised mire
212
7
Narthecium ossifragum-Sphagnum papillosum valley mire Narthecio-Sphagnetum euatlanticum Duvigneaud 1949
219
8
Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow
227
17
Juncus effusus/acutiflorus-Galium palustre rush-pasture
244
12
Molinia caerulea-Cirsium dissectum fen-meadow Cirsio-Molinietum caeruleae Sissingh & De Vries 1942 emend.
256
14
Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire
270
13
Molinia caerulea-Crepis paludosa mire
283
8
Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire
291
11
Iris pseudacorus-Filipendula ulmaria mire Filipendulo-Iridetum pseudacori Adam 1976 emend.
302
8
Hypericum elodes-Potamogeton polygonifolius soakway Hyperico-Potametum polygonifolii (Allorge 1921) Braun-Blanquet & Tuxen 1952
310
5
Related vegetation of seasonally-inundated habitats Hydrocotylo-Baldellion Tuxen & Dierssen 1972
315
1
Anthelia julacea-Sphagnum auriculatum spring Sphagno auriculati-Anthelietum julaceae Shimwell 1972
316
3
Philonotis fontana-Saxifraga stellaris spring Philonoto-Saxifragetum stellaris Nordhagen 1943
319
7
Pohlia wahlenbergii var. glacialis spring Pohlietum glacialis McVean & Ratcliffe 1962
326
3
Carex demissa-Koenigia islandica flush
329
2
Ranunculus omiophyllus-Montia fontana rill
331
3
Lowland springs and streambanks of shaded situations Cardaminion (Maas 1959) Westhoff & den Held 1969
334
1
Cratoneuron commutatum-Festuca rubra spring
335
5
Cratoneuron commutatum-Carex nigra spring
340
7
Heaths
INTRODUCTION TO HEATHS
347
12
The sampling of heath vegetation
347
2
Data analysis and the description of heath communities
349
1
Lowland dry heaths
350
2
Transitions to wet heaths in the lowlands
352
1
Maritime heaths
353
1
Sub-montane heaths of the north and west
354
2
Sub-alpine transitions to snow-bed vegetation
356
1
Montane heaths with lichens and mosses
356
3
KEY TO HEATHS
359
234
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Calluna vulgaris-Festuca ovina heath
372
11
Calluna vulgaris-Ulex minor heath
383
8
Ulex minor-Agrostis curtisii heath
391
7
Ulex gallii-Agrostis curtisii heath
398
14
Erica vagans-Schoenus nigricans heath
412
10
Erica vagans-Ulex europaeus heath
422
12
Calluna vulgaris-Scilla verna heath
434
14
Calluna vulgaris-Ulex gallii heath
448
12
Calluna vulgaris-Deschampsia flexuosa heath
460
11
Calluna vulgaris-Erica cinerea heath
471
13
Calluna vulgaris-Carex arenaria heath
484
8
Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus heath
492
12
Calluna vulgaris-Cladonia arbuscula heath
504
10
Calluna vulgaris-Racomitrium lanuginosum heath
514
8
Calluna vulgaris-Juniperus communis ssp. nana heath
522
5
Calluna vulgaris-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi heath
527
11
Calluna vulgaris-Arctostaphylos alpinus heath
538
7
Vaccinium myrtillus-Deschampsia flexuosa heath
545
11
Vaccinium myrtillus-Cladonia arbuscula heath
556
9
Vaccinium myrtillus-Racomitrium lanuginosum heath
565
11
Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus-Sphagnum capillifolium heath
576
9
Vaccinium myrtillus-Rubus chamaemorus heath
585
8
Index of Synonyms to Mires and Heaths
593
12
Index of Species in Mires and Heaths
605
10
Bibliography
615
List of figures
viii
Preface and acknowledgements
ix
Preamble
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3
14
The background to the work
3
1
The scope and methods of data collection
4
3
The approach to data analysis
7
1
The style of presentation
8
9
Mesotrophic grasslands
INTRODUCTION TO MESOTROPHIC GRASSLANDS
17
9
The sampling of mesotrophic grasslands
17
3
Data analysis and the description of mesotrophic grassland communities
20
1
Arrhenatherum elatius grasslands
21
1
Well-drained permanent pastures and meadows
22
1
Long-term leys and related grasslands
23
1
Ill-drained permanent pastures
24
1
Inundation grasslands
24
2
KEY TO MESOTROPHIC GRASSLANDS
26
81
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Arrhenatherum elatius grassland Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-B1. 1919
32
11
Arrhenatherum elatius-Filipendula ulmaria tall-herb grassland Filipendulo-Arrhenatheretum elatioris Shimwell 1968a
43
6
Anthoxanthum odoratum-Geranium sylvaticum grassland
49
7
Alopecurus pratensis-Sanguisorba officinalis grassland
56
4
Cynosurus cristatus-Centaurea nigra grassland Centaureo-Cynosuretum cristati Br.-B1. & Tx 1952
60
7
Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland Lolio-Cynosuretum cristati (Br.-B1. & De Leeuw 1936) R.Tx 1937
67
7
Lolium perenne leys and related grasslands Lolio-Plantaginion Sissingh 1969 p.p.
74
5
Cynosurus cristatus-Caltha palustris grassland
79
3
Holcus lanatus-Deschampsia cespitosa grassland
82
6
Holcus lanatus-Juncus effusus rush-pasture Holco-Juncetum effusi Page 1980
88
6
Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland
94
5
Festuca arundinacea grassland Potentillo-Festucetum arundinaceae Nordhagen 1940
99
4
Agrostis stolonifera-Alopecurus geniculatus grassland
103
4
Calcicolous grasslands
INTRODUCTION TO CALCICOLOUS GRASSLANDS
107
10
The sampling of calcicolous grasslands
107
3
Data analysis and the description of calcicolous grassland communities
110
1
Calcicolous grasslands of the south-east lowlands
111
3
Calcicolous grasslands of the north-west uplands
114
2
Sesleria albicans grasslands
116
1
KEY TO CALCICOLOUS GRASSLANDS
117
160
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Festuca ovina-Carlina vulgaris grassland
126
14
Festuca ovina-Avenula pratensis grassland
140
26
Bromus erectus grassland
166
10
Brachypodium pinnatum grassland
176
6
Bromus erectus-Brachypodium pinnatum grassland
182
6
Avenula pubescens grassland
188
6
Festuca ovina-Hieracium pilosella-Thymus praecox/pulegioides grassland
194
17
Sesleria albicans-Scabiosa columbaria grassland
211
7
Sesleria albicans-Galium sterneri grassland
218
16
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Thymus praecox grassland
234
12
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Alchemilla alpina grass-heath
246
8
Festuca ovina-Alchemilla alpina-Silene acaulis dwarf-herb community
254
5
Dryas octopetala-Carex flacca heath
259
8
Dryas octopetala-Silene acaulis ledge community
267
10
Calcifugous grasslands and montane communities
INTRODUCTION TO CALCIFUGOUS GRASSLANDS AND MONTANE COMMUNITIES
277
12
The sampling of calcifugous grasslands and montane vegetation
277
1
Data analysis and the description of calcifugous grassland and montane communities
278
2
Sub-montane calcifugous grasslands
280
2
Calcifugous vegetation of low- and middle-alpine snow-fields
282
2
Moss- and rush-heaths of low- and middle-alpine plateaus
284
1
Mesotrophic montane swards and herb-rich banks and ledges
285
2
Calcifuge fern communities
287
2
KEY TO CALCIFUGOUS GRASSLANDS AND MONTANE COMMUNITIES
289
214
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Rumex acetosella grassland
300
17
Deschampsia flexuosa grassland
317
7
Agrostis curtisii grassland
324
7
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland
331
21
Nardus stricta-Galium saxatile grassland
352
16
Juncus squarrosus-Festuca ovina grassland
368
11
Nardus stricta-Carex bigelowii grass-heath
379
10
Carex bigelowii-Polytrichum alpinum sedge-heath
389
7
Juncus trifidus-Racomitrium lanuginosum rush-heath
396
7
Carex bigelowii-Racomitrium lanuginosum moss-heath
403
14
Polytrichum sexangulare-Kiaeria starkei snow-bed
417
7
Salix herbacea-Racomitrium heterostichum snow-bed
424
6
Deschampsia cespitosa-Galium saxatile grassland
430
10
Alchemilla alpina-Sibbaldia procumbens dwarf-herb community
440
6
Saxifraga aizoides-Alchemilla glabra banks
446
6
Luzula sylvatica-Vaccinium myrtillus tall-herb community
452
9
Luzula sylvatica-Geum rivale tall-herb community
461
17
Cryptogramma crispa-Athyrium distentifolium snow-bed
478
5
Thelypteris limbosperma-Blechnum spicant community
483
4
Pteridium aquilinum-Galium saxatile community
487
12
Cryptogramma crispa-Deschampsia flexuosa community
499
4
Index of Synonyms to Grasslands and Montane Communities
503
10
Index of Species in Grasslands and Montane Communities
513
12
Bibliography
525
List of figures
ix
Preface and acknowledgements
xi
Preamble
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3
14
The background to the work
3
1
The scope and methods of data collection
4
3
The approach to data analysis
7
1
The style of presentation
8
9
Aquatic communities
INTRODUCTION TO AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
17
6
The sampling of aquatic vegetation
17
1
Data analysis and the description of aquatic communities
18
1
Duckweed and frogbit communities
19
1
Free-floating and submerged pondweed communities
20
1
Water-lily and pondweed vegetation with floating leaves
21
1
Crowfoot and starwort communities
22
1
Hairgrass and quillwort communities
22
1
Sphagnum-bladderwort vegetation
22
1
KEY TO AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
23
4
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
27
82
Lemna gibba community Lemnetum gibbae Miyawaki & J. Tx. 1960
28
2
Lemna minor community Lemnetum minoris Soo 1947
30
3
Spirodela polyrhiza-Hydrocharis morsus-ranae community
33
3
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae-Stratiotes aloides community
36
4
Azolla filiculoides in aquatic vegetation
39
1
Ceratophyllum demersum community Ceratophylletum demersi Hild 1956
40
3
Ceratophyllum submersum community Ceratophylletum submersi Den Hartog & Segal 1964
43
2
Nymphaea alba community Nymphaeetum albae Oberdorfer & Mitarb. 1967
45
3
Nuphar lutea community
48
5
Potamogeton natans community
53
3
Polygonum amphibium community
56
3
Potamogeton pectinatus-Myriophyllum spicatum community
59
6
Potamogeton pectinatus community
65
3
Potamogeton perfoliatus-Myriophyllum alterniflorum community
68
6
Myriophyllum alterniflorum community Myriophylletum alterniflori Lemee 1937
74
2
Elodea canadensis community
76
4
Elodea nuttallii in aquatic vegetation
79
1
Callitriche stagnalis community
80
3
Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community
83
2
Ranunculus fluitans community Ranunculetum fluitantis Allorge 1922
85
2
Ranunculus aquatilis community Ranunculetum aquatilis Gehu 1961
87
3
Ranunculus peltatus community Ranunculetum peltati Sauer 1947
90
2
Ranunculus baudotii community Ranunculetum baudotii Br.-B1. 1952
92
3
Littorella uniflora-Lobelia dortmanna community
95
6
Isoetes lacustris/setacea community
101
3
Juncus bulbosus community
104
5
Swamps and tall-herb fens
INTRODUCTION TO SWAMPS AND TALL-HERB FENS
109
10
The sampling of swamps and tall-herb fens
109
2
Data analysis and the description of swamp and tall-herb fen communities
111
4
Swamps
115
2
Water-margin vegetation
117
1
Tall-herb fens
117
2
KEY TO SWAMPS AND TALL-HERB FENS
119
8
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
127
136
Carex elata swamp Caricetum elatae Koch 1926
128
3
Cladium mariscus swamp and sedge-beds Cladietum marisci Zobrist 1933 emend. Pfeiffer 1961
131
5
Carex paniculata swamp Caricetum paniculatae Wangerin 1916
136
4
Carex appropinquata in fens
139
1
Phragmites australis swamp and reed-beds Phragmitetum australis (Gams 1927) Schmale 1939
140
12
Glyceria maxima swamp Glycerietum maximae (Nowinski 1928) Hueck 1931 emend. Krausch 1965
152
5
Carex riparia swamp Caricetum ripariae Soo 1928
157
3
Carex acuta in swamps and fens
159
1
Carex acutiformis swamp Caricetum acutiformis Sauer 1937
160
2
Scirpus lacustris ssp. lacustris swamp Scirpetum lacustris (Allorge 1922) Chouard 1924
162
4
Carex rostrata swamp Caricetum rostratae Rubel 1912
166
6
Carex lasiocarpa in swamps and fens
170
1
Carex aquatilis in swamps and fens
171
1
Equisetum fluviatile swamp Equisetetum fluviatile Steffen 1931 emend. Wilczek 1935
172
4
Carex vesicaria swamp Caricetum vesicariae Br.-B1. & Denis 1926
176
3
Typha latifolia swamp Typhetum latifoliae Soo 1927
179
6
Typha angustifolia swamp Typhetum angustifoliae Soo 1927
185
3
Sparganium erectum swamp Sparganietum erecti Roll 1938
188
6
Acorus calamus swamp Acoretum calami Schulz 1941
194
3
Sagittaria sagittifolia swamp
197
1
Carex pseudocyperus swamp
198
2
Carex otrubae swamp Caricetum otrubae Mirza 1978
200
3
Eleocharis palustris swamp Eleocharitetum palustris Schennikow 1919
203
3
Scirpus lacustris ssp. tabernaemontani swamp Scirpetum tabernaemontani Passarge 1964
206
3
Scirpus maritimus swamp Scirpetum maritimi (Br.-B1. 1931) R.Tx. 1937
209
7
Glyceria fluitans water-margin vegetation Glycerietum fluitantis Wilczek 1935
216
2
Other water-margin vegetation Glycerio-Sparganion Br.-B1. & Sissingh apud Boer 1942 emend. Segal
218
2
Phragmites australis-Peucedanum palustre tall-herb fen Peucedano-Phragmitetum australis Wheeler 1978 emend.
220
19
Phragmites australis-Eupatorium cannabinum tall-herb fen
239
6
Phragmites australis-Urtica dioica tall-herb fen
245
7
Carex rostrata-Potentilla palustris tall-herb fen Potentillo-Caricetum rostratae Wheeler 1980a
252
7
Phalaris arundinacea tall-herb fen Phalaridetum arundinaceae Libbert 1931
259
4
Index of Synonyms to Aquatic Communities, Swamps and Tall-Herb Fens
263
6
Index of Species in Aquatic Communities, Swamps and Tall-Herb Fens
269
6
Bibliography
275
192
List of figures
x
Preface and Acknowledgements
xi
Preamble
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
3
14
The background to the work
3
1
The scope and methods of data collection
4
3
The approach to data analysis
7
1
The style of presentation
8
9
Salt-marsh communities
INTRODUCTION TO SALT-MARSH COMMUNITIES
17
6
The sampling and analysis of salt-marsh vegetation
17
1
The description of salt-marsh communities
18
1
Eel-grass and tassel-weed communities of tidal flats, pools and ditches
19
1
Lower salt-marsh communities
19
1
Middle salt-marsh communities
20
2
Upper salt-marsh communities
22
1
Other vegetation types on salt-marshes
22
1
KEY TO SALT-MARSH COMMUNITIES
23
98
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Zostera communities Zosterion Christiansen 1934
30
5
Ruppia maritima salt-marsh community Ruppietum maritimae Hocquette 1927
35
1
Eleocharis parvula salt-marsh community Eleocharitetum parvulae (Preuss 1911/12) Gillner 1960
36
1
Spartina maritima salt-marsh community Spartinetum maritimae (Emb. & Regn. 1926) Corillion 1953
37
1
Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh community Spartinetum alterniflorae Corillion 1953
38
1
Spartina anglica salt-marsh community Spartinetum townsendii (Tansley 1939) Corillion 1953
39
4
Arthrocnemum perenne stands
43
2
Annual Salicornia salt-marsh community Salicornietum europaeae Warming 1906
45
2
Suaeda maritima salt-marsh community Suaedetum maritimae (Conrad 1935) Pignatti 1953
47
2
Transitional low-marsh vegetation with Puccinellia maritima, annual Salicornia species and Suaeda maritima
49
2
Aster tripolium var. discoideus salt-marsh community Asteretum tripolii Tansley 1939
51
3
Rayed Aster tripolium on salt-marshes
54
1
Puccinellia maritima salt-marsh community Puccinellietum maritimae (Warming 1906) Christiansen 1927
55
9
Halimione portulacoides salt-marsh community Halimionetum portulacoidis (Kuhnholtz-Lordat 1927) Des Abbayes & Corillion 1949
64
4
Juncus maritimus-Triglochin maritima salt-marsh community
68
3
Festuca rubra salt-marsh community Juncetum gerardi Warming 1906
71
13
Artemisia maritima salt-marsh community Artemisietum maritimae Hocquette 1927
84
2
Juncus maritimus salt-marsh community
86
4
Blysmus rufus salt-marsh community Blysmetum rufi (G. E. & G. Du Rietz 1925) Gillner 1960
90
2
Eleocharis uniglumis salt-marsh community Eleocharitetum uniglumis Nordhagen 1923
92
2
Suaeda vera-Limonium binervosum salt-marsh community
94
3
Halimione portulacoides-Frankenia laevis salt-marsh community Limonio vulgaris-Frankenietum laevis Gehu & Gehu-Franck 1975
97
2
Spergularia marina-Puccinellia distans salt-marsh community Puccinellietum distantis Feekes (1934) 1945
99
3
Elymus pycnanthus salt-marsh community Atriplici-Elymetum pycnanthi Beeftink & Westhoff 1962
102
2
Suaeda vera drift-line community Elymo pycnanthi-Suaedetum verae (Arenes 1933) Gehu 1975
104
3
Inula crithmoides on salt-marshes
107
2
Ephemeral salt-marsh vegetation with Sagina maritima Saginion maritimae Westhoff, van Leeuwen & Adriani 1962
109
1
Elymus repens salt-marsh community Elymetum repentis maritimum Nordhagen 1940
110
11
Shingle, strandline and sand-dune communities
INTRODUCTION TO SHINGLE, STRANDLINE AND SAND-DUNE COMMUNITIES
The sampling and analysis of the vegetation
115
1
Strandline and shingle communities
116
1
Foredune and mobile dune communities
117
1
Fixed dune communities
118
1
Dune-slack communities
119
1
Other vegetation types on sand-dunes
120
1
KEY TO SHINGLE, STRANDLINE AND SAND-DUNE COMMUNITIES
121
137
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Rumex crispus-Glaucium flavum shingle community
128
8
Honkenya peploides-Cakile maritima strandline community
136
4
Matricaria maritima-Galium aparine strandline community
140
4
Elymus farctus ssp. boreali-atlanticus foredune community
144
4
Leymus arenarius mobile dune community
148
5
Ammophila arenaria mobile dune community
153
10
Ammophila arenaria-Festuca rubra semi-fixed dune community
163
11
Festuca rubra-Galium verum fixed dune grassland
174
14
Ammophila arenaria-Arrhenatherum elatius dune grassland
188
6
Carex arenaria dune community
194
7
Carex arenaria-Cornicularia aculeata dune community
201
7
Carex arenaria-Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris dune grassland
208
6
Sagina nodosa-Bryum pseudotriquetrum dune-slack community
214
4
Salix repens-Campylium stellatum dune-slack community
218
6
Salix repens-Calliergon cuspidatum dune-slack community
224
6
Salix repens-Holcus lanatus dune-slack community
230
6
Potentilla anserina-Carex nigra dune-slack community
236
6
Hippophae rhamnoides dune scrub
242
5
Phleum arenarium-Arenaria serpyllifolia dune annual community Tortulo-Phleetum arenariae (Massart 1908) Br.-B1. & de Leeuw 1936
247
11
Maritime cliff communities
INTRODUCTION TO MARITIME CLIFF COMMUNITIES
The sampling of maritime cliff vegetation
253
1
Data analysis and the description of maritime cliff communities
254
1
Maritime cliff crevice and ledge vegetation
255
1
Maritime grasslands of sea cliffs
256
1
Vegetation of sea-bird cliffs
257
1
KEY TO MARITIME CLIFF COMMUNITIES
258
57
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Crithmum maritimum-Spergularia rupicola maritime rock-crevice community Crithmo-Spergularietum rupicolae Gehu 1964
264
4
Armeria maritima-Ligusticum scoticum maritime rock-crevice community
268
2
Rhodiola rosea-Armeria maritima maritime cliff-ledge community
270
2
Brassica oleracea maritime cliff-ledge community
272
1
Armeria maritima-Cerastium diffusum ssp. diffusum maritime therophyte community
273
8
Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community Atriplici-Betetum maritimae J.-M. & J. Gehu 1969
281
3
Stellaria media-Rumex acetosa sea-bird cliff community
284
2
Festuca rubra-Armeria maritima maritime grassland
286
7
Festuca rubra-Holcus lanatus maritime grassland
293
7
Festuca rubra-Plantago spp. maritime grassland
300
5
Festuca rubra-Daucus carota ssp. gummifer maritime grassland
305
5
Festuca rubra-Hyacinthoides non-scripta maritime bluebell community
310
5
Vegetation of open habitats
INTRODUCTION TO VEGETATION OF OPEN HABITATS
315
10
The sampling of weed vegetation and other assemblages of open habitats
315
1
Data analysis and the description of weed and other communities
316
1
Arable weed and track-side communities of light, less-fertile acid soils
317
1
Arable weed and wasteland communities of fertile loams and clays
318
1
Arable weed communities of light, limey soils
319
1
Gateways, tracksides and courtyard vegetation
320
1
Tall-herb weed communities
320
1
Inundation communities
321
1
Dwarf-rush communities of ephemeral ponds
322
1
Crevice, scree and spoil vegetation
323
2
KEY TO VEGETATION OF OPEN HABITATS
325
142
COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
Viola arvensis-Aphanes microcarpa community
336
2
Briza minor-Silene gallica community
338
2
Papaver rhoeas-Viola arvensis community Papaveretum argemones (Libbert 1933) Kruseman & Vlieger 1939
340
2
Chrysanthemum segetum-Spergula arvensis community Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segetum (Br.-B1. & De Leeuw 1936) R.Tx. 1937
342
3
Digitaria ischaemum-Erodium cicutarium community
345
2
Cerastium glomeratum-Fumaria muralis ssp. boraei community
347
4
Veronica persica-Veronica polita community Veronico-Lamietum hybridi Kruseman & Vlieger 1939
351
2
Veronica persica-Alopecurus myosuroides community Alopecuro-Chamomilletum recutitae Wasscher 1941
353
2
Matricaria perforata-Stellaria media community
355
5
Poa annua-Senecio vulgaris community
360
5
Poa annua-Stachys arvensis community
365
3
Poa annua-Myosotis arvensis community
368
2
Stellaria media-Capsella bursa-pastoris community
370
4
Urtica urens-Lamium amplexicaule community
374
2
Anagallis arvensis-Veronica persica community Kickxietum spuriae Kruseman & Vlieger 1939
376
4
Papaver rhoeas-Silene noctiflora community Papaveri-Sileneetum noctiflori Wasscher 1941
380
2
Reseda lutea-Polygonum aviculare community Descurainio-Anchusetum arvensis Silverside 1977
382
2
Polygonum aviculare-Chamomilla suaveolens community
384
3
Poa annua-Matricaria perforata community
387
5
Poa annua-Sagina procumbens community Sagino-Bryetum argentii Diemont, Sissingh & Westhoff 1940
392
3
Poa annua-Plantago major community
395
3
Poa annua-Taraxacum officinale community
398
3
Lolium perenne-Dactylis glomerata community
401
5
Urtica dioica-Galium aparine community
406
4
Urtica dioica-Cirsium arvense community
410
4
Epilobium hirsutum community
414
5
Epilobium angustifolium community
419
6
Agrostis stolonifera-Ranunculus repens community Agrostio-Ranunculetum repentis Oberdorfer et al. 1967
425
3
Alopecurus geniculatus-Rorippa palustris community Ranunculo-Alopecuretum geniculati R.Tx. (1937) 1950
428
2
Bidens tripartita-Polygonum amphibium community Polygono-Bidentetum tripartitae Lohmeyer in R.Tx. 1950
430
2
Rorippa palustris-Filaginella uliginosa community
432
2
Myosotis scorpioides-Ranunculus sceleratus community Ranunculetum scelerati R.Tx. 1950 ex Passarge 1959
434
2
Polygonum lapathifolium-Poa annua community
436
2
Allium schoenoprasum-Plantago maritima community
438
3
Lythrum portula-Ranunculus flammula community
441
2
Lythrum hyssopifolia-Juncus bufonius community
443
3
Festuca ovina-Minuartia verna community Minuartio-Thlaspietum alpestris Koch 1932
446
4
Gymnocarpium robertianum-Arrhenatherum elatius community Gymnocarpietum robertianae (Kuhn 1937) R.Tx. 1937
450
3
Asplenium trichomanes-Asplenium ruta-muraria community Asplenietum trichomano-rutae-murariae R.Tx. 1937
453
5
Asplenium viride-Cystopteris fragilis community Asplenio viridis-Cystopteridetum fragilis (Kuhn 1939) Oberdorfer 1949
458
3
Parietaria diffusa community Parietarietum judaicae (Arenes 1928) Oberdorfer 1977
461
3
Cymbalaria muralis community Cymbalarietum muralis Gors 1966
464
3
Index of Synonyms to Maritime Communities and Vegetation of Open Habitats
467
6
Index of Species in Maritime Communities and Vegetation of Open Habitats
473
12
Bibliography
485
13
Phytosociological Conspectus of British Plant Communities
498