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Tables of Contents for The Cambridge History of Ancient China
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of Maps, Tables, and Figures
xiii
11
Conventions
xxiv
3
Abbreviations
xxvii
1
Acknowledgments
xxviii
Introduction
1
1
Michael Loewe, University of Cambridge
Edward L. Shaughnessy, University of Chicago
The Development of Historical Approaches and the Impact of Archaeology in the Study of Ancient China
2
5
The Sources
7
4
Literary Sources
7
3
Material Sources
10
1
China's Idealized Past
11
2
The Scope of the Present Volume
13
6
Calendar and Chronology
19
11
Edward L. Shaughnessy, University of Chicago
The Environment of Ancient China
30
1
David N. Keightley, University of California, Berkeley
Geography
30
3
The Coastline
30
1
The Major Rivers
31
2
Climate and Environment
33
4
1 China on the Eve of the Historical Period
37
37
Kwang-chih Chang, Harvard University and Academia Sinica
The Palaeographic Stage of East Asia and Its Settlement by Humans
37
5
Beginnings of the Agricultural Way of Life
42
5
Regional Cultures of the Early Farmers
47
7
Xinglongwa, Xinle, and Hongshan Cultures
48
1
Yangshao Culture (5000-3000 B.C.)
49
3
Dawenkou Culture (5000-3000 B.C.)
52
1
Majiabang and Hemudu Cultures (5000-3500 B.C.)
52
1
Daxi Culture (5000-3000 B.C.)
53
1
Dapenkeng Culture (5000-2500 B.C.)
54
1
Formation of a Chinese Interaction Sphere and the Development of Regional Cultures
54
5
The "Ten Thousand States" on the Eve of the Historical Period
59
6
Mythology, China's Origins, and the Xia Dynasty
65
6
The Cosmogony of the Ancient Periods
66
2
The Heroes
68
2
The Legendary Kings
70
1
The Question of the Xia Dynasty
71
3
2 Language and Writing
74
50
William G. Boltz, University of Washington
The Chinese Language
75
31
Austroasiatic
81
2
Indo-European
83
5
Periodization
88
3
Typology
91
4
Linguistic Philosophy
95
5
The Sound System of Old Chinese
100
6
The Chinese Script
106
18
The Zodiographic Stage
109
5
The Multivalent Stage
114
4
The Determinative Stage
118
6
3 Shang Archaeology
124
108
Robert Bagley, Princeton University
The Archaeology of the Shang Dynasty
126
10
The Archaeology of Bronze Metallurgy
136
22
A Definition of the Bronze Age
136
3
The Development of the Bronze Industry
139
16
The Archaeological Record
155
3
The Early Bronze Age
158
74
Erlitou and the Erlitou Culture
158
7
Zhengzhou: Type Site of the Erligang Culture
165
3
Panlongcheng and the Erligang Horizon
168
3
The Emergence of Regional Powers: Xin'gan and the Wucheng Culture
171
4
Sites of the Transition Period in Anhui, Hebei, and Shaanxi
175
5
Anyang ca. 1200 B.C.
180
28
The Middle Yangzi Region: Southern Hubei, Northern Hunan
208
4
The Chengdu Plain: Sanxingdui
212
7
Sufutun
219
2
The Northern Zone
221
5
The Wei River Valley
226
3
Archaeology and Traditional History
229
3
4 The Shang: China's First Historical Dynasty
232
60
David N. Keightley, University of California, Berkeley
Sources
233
14
Traditional Accounts
233
2
Bronze Inscriptions
235
1
Oracle-Bone Inscriptions
236
11
Chronology
247
2
Absolute Dating
247
2
Relative Dating
249
1
Time and the Calendar
249
2
Royal Shang Religion
251
18
The Upper Pantheon
252
3
The Ancestors
255
8
Treatment of the Dead
263
6
The Dynastic State
269
19
The Political and Cultural Landscape
269
1
The Royal Lineage
270
2
Non-Royal Lineages
272
1
Local Officers, Chiefs, and Rulers
272
1
King List and Polity
273
1
Royal Succession and Temple Names
273
1
The Royal Women
274
1
Political Geography
275
2
Agriculture
277
4
Tribute Offerings and Service
281
1
Dependent Labor
282
2
Mobilization and Warfare
284
1
Slave Society
285
1
Personnel Decisions and Incipient Bureaucracy
286
2
Political and Military Developments
288
1
The Legacy of Shang
289
3
5 Western Zhou History
292
60
Edward L. Shaughnessy, University of Chicago
Sources
293
6
Shang shu
294
1
Shi jing
295
1
Zhou Yi
295
1
Later Histories
296
1
Bronze Inscriptions
296
1
The Extent of Writing During the Western Zhou
297
2
Legendary Evidence for Zhou Before the Conquest of Shang
299
3
Inscriptional and Archaeological Evidence for Zhou Before the Conquest of Shang
302
5
Traditional Accounts
303
2
Shang Oracle-Bone Evidence
305
1
Archaeological Evidence
305
2
The Zhou Conquest of Shang
307
6
Campaigns Under King Wen
307
2
The Conquest Campaign
309
1
The Death of King Wu and the Succession Crisis
310
1
Colonization of the East
311
2
The Philosophical Foundation of Zhou Rule
313
4
The Role of Heaven in Royal Authority
314
1
The Debate Between Zhou Gong and Shao Gong
315
2
The Retirement of Zhou Gong
317
1
Consolidation of Zhou Rule
317
6
Appointments to Rule Lands as Seen in Bronze Inscriptions
318
2
Military Expansion
320
2
King Zhao's Southern Campaign
322
1
The Middle Western Zhou Reforms
323
5
War with the Xu Rong
323
2
Reform of the Zhou Military
325
1
Reform of Court Offices
326
1
Land Reforms
326
2
The Decline of the Zhou Royal House
328
3
The Development of the Late Western Zhou Worldview
331
11
Changes in Ritual and the Development of Poetry
332
6
Poetic Evocations and the Origin of the Zhou yi
338
4
The Decline and Fall of Western Zhou
342
9
The Legacy of Western Zhou
351
1
6 Western Zhou Archaeology
352
98
Jessica Rawson, Merton College, Oxford
The Material Record
353
22
Criteria for Dating
358
6
Inscriptions
364
4
Tombs, Hoards, and Archaeological Finds as Sources of Information
368
7
Pre-Conquest Shaanxi Province and the Zhou Conquest
375
15
Pre-Conquest Shaanxi
375
7
Adjacent Areas
382
3
The Conquest
385
5
Early Western Zhou
390
24
The Zhouyuan
390
3
The Capitals Feng and Hao
393
4
Small States and Outposts in Other Parts of Shaanxi
397
6
The States of Northern Central China
403
11
Middle Western Zhou
414
19
Sites and Their Bronzes
414
9
Southern Connections
423
2
Eastern China
425
2
The Han and Huai Rivers
427
1
Bells
427
3
The Use of Jade
430
3
Late Western Zhou
433
13
The Ritual Revolution
433
7
The State of Jin and Other Late Western Zhou Finds Outside Shaanxi
440
6
Conclusion
446
4
7 The Waning of the Bronze Age: Material Culture and Social Developments, 770-481 B.C.
450
95
Lothar von Falkenhausen, University of California, Los Angeles
Settlement Sites and Activity Areas
453
10
Bronzes: General Stylistic and Technological Trends
463
7
Cemeteries and Tombs in Northern and Central Henan
470
11
Finds from Jin Cemeteries
481
5
Finds from Qin Cemeteries
486
11
The Cemeteries at Qufu
497
4
Tombs of the High Elite in the Eastern Part of the Zhou Realm
501
9
The Middle Han River Basin
510
4
Early Chu Finds
514
11
The Southeastern Regional Cultures
525
14
Other Southern Regional Cultures
539
3
The Northern and Northeastern Regions
542
1
Conclusion
542
3
8 The Spring and Autumn Period
545
42
Cho-yun Hsu, University of Pittsburgh and Academia Sinica
The Fall of the Western Zhou
545
2
The Beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period
547
4
The Zhou States
547
1
The Non-Zhou Peoples
548
3
The Formation of the Ba System
551
11
The Leadership of Zheng
551
2
The Leadership of Qi
553
3
Interstate Meetings
556
2
The Leadership of Jin
558
2
The Emergence of Chu
560
2
A Multistate System
562
4
A Balance of Power
562
1
The Rise of Wu and Yue
563
2
The Transformation of the Ba System
565
1
Social Developments
566
4
Kinship Structure
566
3
Inclusion of Non-Zhou Elements
569
1
Changes in State Structure
570
5
Secondary Feudalization
570
2
State Administration
572
2
Local Administration
574
1
Economic Developments
575
8
Land Tenure and Production
576
2
Metallurgy
578
2
Commerce
580
1
The Appearance of Currency
581
2
Intellectual Developments
583
3
The Shi
583
1
A Weakening Tradition
584
1
Confucius
585
1
Conclusion
586
1
9 Warring States: Political History
587
64
Mark Edward Lewis, University of Cambridge
Sources
588
5
Chronicles
588
1
Works on Political Methods
589
1
Government Documents
589
1
Military Treatises
590
1
Persuasions
590
1
Texts of the Schools
591
1
Ritual Texts
591
1
Geographic Works
592
1
Poetry
592
1
Han Anecdotal Collections
592
1
The States
593
4
Yan
594
1
Qi
595
1
Wei
595
1
Zhao
596
1
Hann
596
1
Qin
596
1
Chu
597
1
The Ruler-Centered State
597
6
Institutions of the Warring States
603
13
The Formation of a Multistate World
616
4
The Military Arts
620
12
Composition
621
1
Armaments
622
3
Size of Armies
625
3
Scale
628
1
Defensive Walls
629
1
The Arts of War
630
2
Alliances and Persuaders
632
9
The Decline of Wei, 353-322 B.C.
634
1
Qin's Territorial Consolidation
635
1
The Period of Qi, 301-284 B.C.
635
3
The Period of Zhao, 284-260 B.C.
638
3
Scholars and the State
641
4
Human Geography
645
6
10 The Art and Architecture of the Warring States Period
651
94
Wu Hung, University of Chicago
Art and Architecture of the Living
653
54
Architecture: Cities and Palaces
653
22
Art: Vessels, Ornaments, Painting, and Sculpture
675
32
Art and Architecture for the Dead
707
38
Architecture: Graves and Graveyards
708
19
Art: Grave Furnishings
727
18
11 The Classical Philosophical Writings
745
68
David Shepherd Nivison, Stanford University
Sources
745
2
The Political Context
747
1
Basic Concepts
748
4
Confucius
752
7
As a Writer and Transmitter
753
2
Li
755
1
Consideration (shu)
756
1
Rectification of Names
757
1
Attitude to History
758
1
Mozi
759
6
Moral Values
760
3
Impartial Caring
763
2
Fourth Century: Yang Zhu, Zi Huazi
765
5
Yi ("Honor") and Its Value
765
2
The Cultivation of Sheng
767
2
The Mutual Recognition of Kings: The Jixia Academy
769
1
Mencius
770
9
The Acquisition of De
771
2
The Goodness of Human Nature and the Cultivation of Morality
773
2
Nourishment of Qi and Ethical Values
775
4
The Sophists
779
4
Hui Shi: The Fallacy of Absolute Terms
779
1
Six Mohist Chapters: Limits and Their Possibility
780
1
Four Types of Argument
781
1
Gongsun Long and the White Horse
782
1
Zhuangzi
783
7
The Basis of Knowledge: Non-Involvement
783
1
Detachment, Emotions, and Their Origin
784
4
Dao and Its Comprehension
788
1
Accommodation with Death
789
1
Xunzi
790
9
The Mind and Its Capacity
792
2
The Origins of Morality and the Need for Li
794
2
The Lessons and Values of the Past
796
1
"Zheng Ming"
797
2
Han Feizi, Laozi, Legalism, and Daoism
799
9
The Relations of Ruler and Minister
800
2
The Laozi, Zhuangzi, the Dao and De
802
4
Fa, Shu, and Shi
806
2
The Lu Shi chunqiu and Correlative Thinking
808
5
Yin-Yang and the Five Phases, or Powers
809
1
Correlative Thinking and Science
810
3
12 Warring States Natural Philosophy and Occult Thought
813
72
Donald Harper, University of Arizona
Definitions and Sources
815
5
Warring States Natural Experts and Occultists and Their Texts
820
11
Astrology and the Calendar
831
21
The Structure of Heaven
833
10
Almanacs and Other Astro-Calendrical Texts
843
9
Turtle and Milfoil Divination
852
8
Yin-Yang and Five Phases
860
6
Religion and Magic
866
8
Medicine
874
9
Conclusion
883
2
13 The Northern Frontier in Pre-Imperial China
885
82
Nicola Di Cosmo, Harvard University
Periodization of the Northern Zone Cultures
888
5
The Second Millennium B.C.
889
1
Western Zhou to Early Spring and Autumn (ca. 1000-650 B.C.)
890
1
Mid-Spring and Autumn to Early Warring States (ca. 650-350 B.C.)
890
2
Late Warring States to Qin (ca. 350-209 B.C.)
892
1
The Northern Frontier in the Second Millennium B.C.
893
16
The Northern Zone Complex: Defining Characteristics
893
3
Geographic Distribution
896
6
Relationship with the Shang Civilization
902
3
Relationship with Northern and Central Asia
905
2
Northern and Western Peoples in the Historical Records
907
2
Western Zhou to Early Spring and Autumn (ca. 1000-650 B.C.)
909
15
Transition to Pastoral Nomadism
909
3
Evidence of Pastoralism in the Northern Zone
912
2
Distribution of Northern Cultures
914
5
Historical Survey
919
5
Development of Early Nomadic Cultures in Northern China
924
3
Major Archaeological Cultures
927
17
Metal Artifacts Associated with Early Nomadic Sites
944
3
Historical Survey
947
4
Late Warring States to Qin (ca. 350-209 B.C.)
951
16
Archaeological Cultures of the Northern Zone During the Late Warring States
952
8
Relations Between the Northern Nomads and Central States
960
2
Chinese Knowledge of the Northern Peoples
962
2
The Rise of the Xiongnu
964
3
14 The Heritage Left to the Empires
967
66
Michael Loewe, University of Cambridge
The Creation of Empire and Its Hazards
969
2
The Lessons of the Past
971
7
Religious Rites
978
4
The Teachings of the Masters
982
6
Huang Lao Thought and Xing Ming
986
2
The Tradition of Kingship
988
3
A Sense of Unity
991
11
Mythology
992
1
Terminology
992
3
Zones and Hierarchies
995
2
A Cosmic System
997
1
Imperial Claims and Harsh Realities
998
4
Institutional Norms and Administrative Practice
1002
22
The Concept and Practice of Law
1003
7
Documentation
1010
2
The Calendar and Registers of the Population and the Land
1012
4
The Offices of State
1016
4
Military Organization
1020
2
Attempts at Economic Control
1022
2
Cities, Palaces, and Royal Shrines and Tombs
1024
7
Conclusion
1031
2
Bibliography
1033
80
Index
1113