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Tables of Contents for The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
List of reference tables
viii
1
List of maps
ix
1
List of contributors
x
1
Foreword
xi
Richard Dawkins
Introduction What makes us human?
1
6
David Pilbeam
Part One Patterns of primate evolution
7
32
1.1 The nature of evolution
9
8
Steve Jones
The structure of DNA
11
1
Steve Jones
The genetic code
12
1
Steve Jones
Translating the genetic message
13
2
Steve Jones
Evolution, creation and controversy
15
2
Steve Jones
1.2 Classification and evolutionary relationships
17
7
Robert Martin
Classification of primates
20
4
Robert Martin
1.3 Non-human primates
24
9
Matt Cartmill
1.4 Conservation of primates
33
6
Russell A. Mittermeier
Eleanor J. Sterling
Studying primates in the wild
36
1
A.F. Richard
Breeding primates in captivity
37
2
Robert Martin
Part Two The life of primates
39
68
2.1 Body size and energy requirements
41
5
L.C. Aiello
Scaling
42
2
Robert Martin
Human body size and energy
44
2
L.C. Aiello
2.2 Human adaptations to the physical environment
46
6
P.T. Baker
Sweating--the human response to heat
48
4
P.T. Baker
2.3 Differences between the sexes
52
4
Georgina Mace
2.4 Jaws and teeth
56
4
Christopher Dean
2.5 Diets and guts
60
5
D.J. Chivers
Primate gum-eaters
63
2
Robert Martin
2.6 Selecting and processing food
65
4
Kenneth E. Glander
Food in a primate's life
66
3
A.F. Richard
2.7 Human diet and subsistence
69
6
D.R. Harris
2.8 Primate locomotion and posture
75
5
John G. Fleagle
Walking on two legs
78
2
Robert Martin
2.9 Human locomotion
80
6
R. McNeill Alexander
Energy for walking and running
84
2
R. McNeill Alexander
2.10 Primate reproduction
86
5
Robert Martin
Posture and childbirth
88
3
M.H. Day
2.11 Hormones and sexual behaviour
91
4
A.F. Dixson
2.12 Life-history patterns
95
3
Paul H. Harvey
Rates of breeding
96
2
Robert Martin
2.13 Human growth and development
98
9
James M. Tanner
Evolution of the human growth curve
100
4
James M. Tanner
Neoteny
104
3
Brian T. Shea
Part Three The brain and language
107
36
3.1 Primate brains and senses
109
6
Terrence W. Deacon
Testing the intelligence of apes
111
2
P.C. Lee
Sleep and dreaming
113
2
Stephen Young
3.2 The human brain
115
9
Terrence W. Deacon
Impressions of ancestral brains
117
5
Terrence W. Deacon
The brain and left-handedness
122
2
Marian Annett
3.3 Vocal communication by non-human primates
124
4
Elke Zimmermann
3.4 Biological aspects of language
128
6
Terrence W. Deacon
Brain maturation and language acquisition
131
3
Terrence W. Deacon
3.5 Human speech and language
134
4
Philip Lieberman
Evolution of the speech apparatus
136
2
Philip Lieberman
3.6 Language training of apes
138
5
E.S. Savage-Rumbaugh
Part Four Primate social organisation
143
24
4.1 Social behaviour and evolutionary theory
145
5
Robin Dunbar
Genes and altruism
146
2
Robin Dunbar
Primate aggression
148
2
A.K. Turner
4.2 Mating and parental care
150
5
Robin Dunbar
Social changes
152
2
A.F. Richard
Human mating patterns
154
1
Robin Dunbar
4.3 Home range and territory
155
2
Paul H. Harvey
Andrew F. Read
4.4 Smell as a signal
157
4
R.W. Sussman
4.5 Facial patterns as signals and masks
161
6
Jonathan Kingdon
Human facial expressions
164
3
Stephen Young
Part Five Human evolution in a geological context
167
30
5.1 Land movements and species dispersal
169
5
Peter J. Whybrow
5.2 Climatic change in the past
174
5
Neil Roberts
5.3 Methods of dating
179
8
F.H. Brown
Correlating the East African hominid sites
181
3
F.H. Brown
Fossils as dating indicators
184
3
David Pilbeam
5.4 Fossil deposits and their investigation
187
4
Anna K. Behrensmeyer
Taphonomy--the science of burial
189
2
Anna K. Behrensmeyer
5.5 Reconstructing past environments
191
6
Peter Andrews
Part Six The primate fossil record
197
56
6.1 The fossil history of primates
199
10
Elwyn Simons
Evolution of prosimians
201
8
Philip D. Gingerich
6.2 Evolution of New World monkeys
209
8
A.L. Rosenberger
6.3 Evolution of Old World monkeys
217
6
Eric Delson
6.4 Evolution of apes
223
8
Jay Kelley
6.5 Evolution of australopithecines
231
10
B.A. Wood
6.6 Evolution of early humans
241
12
C.B. Stringer
Part Seven Primate genetics and evolution
253
40
7.1 Principles of genetics
255
9
D. Whitehouse
Mendel and the beginnings of genetics
259
3
Steve Jones
The bald lemur--a primate model for a human genetic disease
262
2
D. Whitehouse
7.2 Genetic diversity in humans
264
5
Steve Jones
Electrophoresis--separating giant molecules
265
2
Steve Jones
Life's fingerprints
267
1
Steve Jones
The polymerase chain reaction: amplifying life
268
1
Steve Jones
7.3 Mutation and human evolution
269
5
Steve Jones
7.4 Human chromosomes
274
7
Joy D.A. Delhanty
Techniques for studying chromosomes
275
1
Joy D.A. Delhanty
The Y chromosome
276
2
Steve Jones
Prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities
278
3
Joy D.A. Delhanty
7.5 Bottlenecks in human evolution
281
3
Shahin Rouhani
Steve Jones
Tristan da Cunha--a genetic laboratory
282
2
Steve Jones
7.6 Natural selection in humans
284
4
Steve Jones
7.7 Distribution of genetic diseases in human populations
288
5
F. Vogel
The Hardy-Weinberg rule: how genes behave in populations
290
1
Steve Jones
First-cousin marriages
291
2
F. Vogel
Part Eight Genetic clues of relatedness
293
30
8.1 Measuring relatedness
295
3
A.E. Friday
Calibrating the molecular clock
296
2
A.E. Friday
8.2 Chromosomal evolution in primates
298
5
J. Marks
8.3 Immunological evidence on primates
303
4
V. Sarich
Genetics and the immune system
304
3
Steve Jones
8.4 Reconstructing human evolution from proteins
307
6
Morris Goodman
8.5 DNA-DNA hybridisation in the study of primate evolution
313
3
C.G. Sibley
The DNA hybridisation technique
314
2
C.G. Sibley
8.6 Human evolution: the evidence from DNA sequencing
316
7
A.E. Friday
Cutting, slicing and sequencing genes
318
1
Steve Jones
Hunting for genes with a Southern blot
319
1
Steve Jones
Was Eve an African?
320
3
Steve Jones
Part Nine Early human behaviour and ecology
323
66
9.1 The hominid way of life
325
10
Richard Potts
Cannibalism or ritual dismemberment?
330
5
Paul G. Bahn
9.2 Studying human evolution by analogy
335
6
Robert Foley
9.3 Early human mental abilities
341
5
J.A.J. Gowlett
Toolmaking by apes
342
4
P.C. Lee
9.4 Evolution of human manipulation
346
4
Erik Trinkaus
9.5 Tools--the Palaeolithic record
350
11
J.A.J. Gowlett
Throwing
358
3
Barbara Isaac
9.6 Ancient art
361
4
Paul G. Bahn
9.7 Subsistence--a key to the past
365
4
Lewis R. Binford
9.8 Reconstructing prehistoric diet
369
4
N.J. van der Merwe
How bones reveal diet
371
2
N.J. van der Merwe
9.9 Origins of agriculture
373
7
Frank Hole
9.10 Domestication of animals
380
9
Juliet Clutton-Brock
Part Ten Human populations, past and present
387
52
10.1 The dispersion of modern humans
389
13
W.W. Howells
The peopling of the Pacific
394
4
Steve Jones
Genes and language
398
3
Steve Jones
Fossil DNA
401
1
Steve Jones
10.2 Reconstructing ancient populations
402
4
J. Landers
10.3 Human populations before agriculture
406
5
R.S. Meindl
10.4 People and disease
411
10
A. Dobson
Epidemiological theory
412
4
A. Dobson
Immunisation and the eradication of disease
416
5
A. Dobson
10.5 Trends in population growth
421
4
J. Landers
Demographic analysis
422
3
J. Landers
10.6 Fertility control: past, present and future
425
8
Alan S. McNeilly
Developments in fertility treatments
430
3
D.I. Lewis-Jones
10.7 Tribal peoples in the modern world
433
6
V. Luling
Tribal peoples and their ways of life
434
5
V. Luling
Conclusion The evolutionary future of humankind
439
3
Steve Jones
Eugenics
442
4
Steve Jones
Appendix I Who's who of historical figures
446
8
Appendix II Geological timescale
454
2
Appendix III World map of sites
456
2
Glossary
458
15
Further reading
473
14
Index
487
18
Acknowledgements
505