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Tables of Contents for Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
Concepts and Definitions
Fluids and the Continuum
1
1
Properties at a Point
2
4
Point-to-Point Variation of Properties in a Fluid
6
3
Units
9
5
Fluid Statics
Pressure Variation in a Static Fluid
14
3
Uniform Rectilinear Acceleration
17
2
Forces on Submerged Surfaces
19
4
Buoyancy
23
1
Closure
24
6
Description of a Fluid in Motion
Fundamental Physical Laws
30
1
Fluid Flow Fields: Lagrangian and Eulerian Representations
31
1
Steady and Unsteady Flows
31
2
Streamlines
33
1
Systems and Control Volumes
34
2
Conservation of Mass: Control Volume Approach
Integral Relation
36
1
Specific Forms of the Integral Expression
37
5
Closure
42
4
Newton's Second Law of Motion: Control Volume Approach
Integral Relation for Linear Momentum
46
4
Applications of the Integral Expression for Linear Momentum
50
7
Integral Relation for Moment of Momentum
57
2
Applications to Pumps and Turbines
59
5
Closure
64
9
Conservation of Energy: Control Volume Approach
Integral Relation for the Conservation of Energy
73
7
Applications of the Integral Expression
80
4
The Bernoulli Equation
84
4
Closure
88
8
Shear Stress in Laminar Flow
Newton's Viscosity Relation
96
2
Non-Newtonian Fluids
98
1
Viscosity
99
4
Shear Stress in Multidimensional Laminar Flows of a Newtonian Fluid
103
5
Closure
108
4
Analysis of a Differential Fluid Element in Laminar Flow
Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Circular Conduit of Constant Cross Section
112
3
Laminar Flow of a Newtonian Fluid Down an Inclined Plane Surface
115
2
Closure
117
3
Differential Equations of Fluid Flow
The Differential Continuity Equation
120
3
Navier-Stokes Equations
123
9
Bernoulli's Equation
132
2
Closure
134
3
Inviscid Fluid Flow
Fluid Rotation at a Point
137
2
The Stream Function
139
1
Inviscid, Irrotational Flow about an Infinite Cylinder
140
3
Irrotational Flow, the Velocity Potential
143
2
Total Head in Irrotational Flow
145
1
Utilization of Potential Flow
146
1
Closure
147
3
Dimensional Analysis
Dimensions
150
1
Geometric and Kinematic Similarity
151
1
Dimensional Analysis of the Navier-Stokes Equation
152
2
The Buckingham Method
154
2
Model Theory
156
2
Closure
158
5
Viscous Flow
Reynolds' Experiment
163
2
Drag
165
4
The Boundary-Layer Concept
169
1
The Boundary-Layer Equations
170
1
Blasius' Solution for the Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
171
5
Flow with a Pressure Gradient
176
3
von Karman Momentum Integral Analysis
179
5
Closure
184
3
The Effect of Turbulence on Momentum Transfer
Description of Turbulence
187
2
Turbulent Shearing Stresses
189
2
The Mixing-Length Hypothesis
191
1
Velocity Distribution from the Mixing-Length Theory
192
1
The Universal Velocity Distribution
193
3
Further Empirical Relations for Turbulent Flow
196
1
The Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate
196
3
Factors Affecting the Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow
199
1
Closure
199
3
Flow in Closed Conduits
Dimensional Analysis of Conduit Flow
202
2
Friction Factors for Fully Developed Laminar, Turbulent, and Transition Flow in Circular Conduits
204
4
Friction Factor and Head-Loss Determination for Pipe Flow
208
4
Pipe-Flow Analysis
212
3
Friction Factors for Flow in the Entrance to a Circular Conduit
215
4
Closure
219
4
Fundamentals of Heat Transfer
Conduction
223
1
Thermal Conductivity
224
7
Convection
231
1
Radiation
232
1
Combined Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
233
5
Closure
238
5
Differential Equations of Heat Transfer
The General Differential Equations for Energy Transfer
243
4
Special Forms of the Differential Energy Equation
247
1
Commonly Encountered Boundary Conditions
248
1
Closure
249
3
Steady-State Conduction
One-Dimensional Conduction
252
8
One-Dimensional Conduction with Internal Generation of Energy
260
4
Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces
264
8
Two- and Three-Dimensional Systems
272
14
Closure
286
10
Unsteady-State Conduction
Analytical Solutions
296
11
Temperature-Time Charts for Simple Geometric Shapes
307
3
Numerical Methods for Transient Conduction Analysis
310
4
An Integral Method for One-Dimensional Unsteady Conduction
314
6
Closure
320
5
Convective Heat Transfer
Fundamental Considerations in Convective Heat Transfer
325
1
Significant Parameters in Convective Heat Transfer
326
2
Dimensional Analysis of Convective Energy Transfer
328
3
Exact Analysis of the Laminar Boundary Layer
331
5
Approximate Integral Analysis of the Thermal Boundary Layer
336
2
Energy- and Momentum-Transfer Analogies
338
3
Turbulent Flow Considerations
341
7
Closure
348
5
Convective Heat-Transfer Correlations
Natural Convection
353
10
Forced Convection for Internal Flow
363
7
Forced Convection for External Flow
370
7
Closure
377
7
Boiling and Condensation
Boiling
384
6
Condensation
390
7
Closure
397
5
Heat-Transfer Equipment
Types of Heat Exchangers
402
2
Single-Pass Heat-Exchanger Analysis: The Log-Mean Temperature Difference
404
5
Crossflow and Shell-and-Tube Heat-Exchanger Analysis
409
5
The Number-of-Transfer-Units (NTU) Method of Heat-Exchanger Analysis and Design
414
8
Additional Considerations in Heat-Exchanger Design
422
2
Closure
424
4
Radiation Heat Transfer
Nature of Radiation
428
1
Thermal Radiation
429
2
The Intensity of Radiation
431
3
Planck's Law of Radiation
434
3
Stefan-Boltzmann Law
437
1
Emissivity and Absorptivity of Solid Surfaces
437
7
Radiant Heat Transfer Between Black Bodies
444
8
Radiant Exchange in Black Enclosures
452
1
Radiant Exchange with Reradiating Surfaces Present
453
1
Radiant Heat Transfer Between Gray Surfaces
454
5
Radiation from Gases
459
5
The Radiation Heat-Transfer Coefficient
464
1
Closure
465
7
Fundamentals of Mass Transfer
Molecular Mass Transfer
472
11
The Diffusion Coefficient
483
17
Convective Mass Transfer
500
1
Closure
501
7
Differential Equations of Mass Transfer
The Differential Equation for Mass Transfer
508
4
Special Forms of the Differential Mass-Transfer Equation
512
2
Commonly Encountered Boundary Conditions
514
3
Closure
517
6
Steady-State Molecular Diffusion
One-Dimensional Mass Transfer, Independent of Chemical Reaction
523
13
One-Dimensional Systems Associated with Chemical Reaction
536
9
Two- and Three-Dimensional Systems
545
6
Simultaneous Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer
551
9
Closure
560
12
Unsteady-State Molecular Diffusion
Analytical Solutions
572
4
Concentration-Time Charts for Simple Geometric Shapes
576
3
Numerical Methods for Transient Mass Transfer Analysis
579
4
Closure
583
6
Convective Mass Transfer
Fundamental Considerations in Convective Mass Transfer
589
1
Significant Parameters in Convective Mass Transfer
590
2
Dimensional Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer
592
3
Exact Analysis of the Laminar Concentration Boundary Layer
595
8
Approximate Analysis of the Concentration Boundary Layer
603
3
Mass, Energy, and Momentum Transfer Analogies
606
9
Models for Convective Mass-Transfer Coefficients
615
3
Closure
618
11
Interphase Mass Transfer
Equilibrium
629
4
Two-Resistance Theory
633
8
Closure
641
8
Convective Mass-Transfer Correlations
Mass Transfer to Plates, Spheres, and Cylinders
649
7
Mass Transfer Involving Turbulent Flow through Pipes
656
1
Mass Transfer in Wetted-Wall Columns
657
2
Mass Transfer in Packed and Fluidized Beds
659
2
Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction
661
1
Capacity Coefficients for Industrial Towers
661
1
Closure
662
7
Mass-Transfer Equipment
Types of Mass-Transfer Equipment
669
4
Batch Mass-Transfer Tanks or Ponds
673
2
Mass Balances for Continuous Contact Towers: Operating Line Equations
675
11
Enthalpy Balances for Continuous Contact Towers
686
1
Mass-Transfer Capacity Coefficients
687
1
Continuous-Contact Equipment Analysis
688
15
Closure
703
11
NOMENCLATURE
714
79
APPENDIXES
A Transformations of the Operators ▿ and ▿2 to Cylindrical Coordinates
722
3
B Summary of Differential Vector Operations in Various Coordinate Systems
725
3
C Symmetry of the Stress Tensor
728
2
D The Viscous Contribution to the Normal Stress
730
2
E The Navier-Stokes Equations for Constant ρ and μ in Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates
732
2
F Charts for Solution of Unsteady Transport Problems
734
13
G Properties of the Standard Atmosphere
747
3
H Physical Properties of Solids
750
3
I Physical Properties of Gases and Liquids
753
28
J Mass-Transfer Diffusion Coefficients in Binary Systems
781
4
K Lennard-Jones Constants
785
3
L The Error Function
788
1
M Standard Pipe Sizes
789
1
N Standard Tubing Gages
790
3
Author Index
793
4
Subject Index
797