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Tables of Contents for Power Electronics
Chapter/Section Title
Page #
Page Count
PART 1 INTRODUCTION
1
76
Power Electronic Systems
3
13
Introduction
3
1
Power Electronics versus Linear Electronics
4
3
Scope and Applications
7
2
Classification of Power Processors and Converters
9
3
About the Text
12
1
Interdisciplinary Nature of Power Electronics
13
1
Convention of Symbols Used
14
2
Problems
14
1
References
15
1
Overview of Power Semiconductor Switches
16
17
Introduction
16
1
Diodes
16
2
Thyristors
18
2
Desired Characteristics in Controllable Switches
20
4
Bipolar Junction Transistors and Monolithic Darlingtons
24
1
Metal--Oxide--Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
25
1
Gate-Turn-Off Thyristors
26
1
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
27
2
MOS-Controlled Thyristors
29
1
Comparison of Controllable Switches
29
1
Drive and Snubber Circuits
30
1
Justification for Using Idealized Device Characteristics
31
2
Summary
32
1
Problems
32
1
References
32
1
Review of Basic Electrical and Magnetic Circuit Concepts
33
28
Introduction
33
1
Electric Circuits
33
13
Magnetic Circuits
46
15
Summary
57
1
Problems
58
2
References
60
1
Computer Simulation of Power Electronic Converters and Systems
61
16
Introduction
61
1
Challenges in Computer Simulation
62
1
Simulation Process
62
2
Mechanics of Simulation
64
1
Solution Techniques for Time-Domain Analysis
65
4
Widely Used, Circuit-Oriented Simulators
69
3
Equation Solvers
72
5
Summary
74
1
Problems
74
1
References
75
2
PART 2 GENERIC POWER ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
77
222
Line-Frequency Diode Rectifiers: Line-Frequency ac→Uncontrolled dc
79
42
Introduction
79
1
Basic Rectifier Concepts
80
2
Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers
82
18
Voltage-Doubler (Single-Phase) Rectifiers
100
1
Effect of Single-Phase Rectifiers on Neutral Currents in Three-Phase, Four-Wire Systems
101
2
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifiers
103
9
Comparison of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Rectifiers
112
1
Inrush Current and Overvoltages at Turn-On
112
1
Concerns and Remedies for Line-Current Harmonics and Low Power Factor
113
8
Summary
113
1
Problems
114
2
References
116
1
Appendix
117
4
Line-Frequency Phase-Controlled Rectifiers and Inverters: Line-Frequency ac ↔ Controlled dc
121
40
Introduction
121
1
Thyristor Circuits and Their Control
122
4
Single-Phase Converters
126
12
Three-Phase Converters
138
15
Other Three-Phase Converters
153
8
Summary
153
1
Problems
154
3
References
157
1
Appendix
158
3
dc--dc Switch-Mode Converters
161
39
Introduction
161
1
Control of dc--dc Converters
162
2
Step-Down (Buck) Converter
164
8
Step-Up (Boost) Converter
172
6
Buck--Boost Converter
178
6
Cuk dc-dc Converter
184
4
Full Bridge dc--dc Converter
188
7
dc--dc Converter Comparison
195
5
Summary
196
1
Problems
197
2
References
199
1
Switch-Mode dc--ac Inverters: dc ↔ Sinusoidal ac
200
49
Introduction
200
2
Basic Concepts of Switch-Mode Inverters
202
9
Single-Phase Inverters
211
14
Three-Phase Inverters
225
11
Effect of Blanking Time on Output Voltage in PWM Inverters
236
3
Other Inverter Switching Schemes
239
4
Rectifier Mode of Operation
243
6
Summary
244
2
Problems
246
2
References
248
1
Resonant Converters: Zero-Voltage and/or Zero-Current Switchings
249
50
Introduction
249
3
Classification of Resonant Converters
252
1
Basic Resonant Circuit Concepts
253
5
Load-Resonant Converters
258
15
Resonant-Switch Converters
273
7
Zero-Voltage-Switching, Clamped-Voltage Topologies
280
7
Resonant-dc-Link Inverters with Zero-Voltage Switchings
287
2
High-Frequency-Link Integral-Half-Cycle Converters
289
10
Summary
291
1
Problems
291
4
References
295
4
PART 3 POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS
299
66
Switching dc Power Supplies
301
53
Introduction
301
1
Linear Power Supplies
301
1
Overview of Switching Power Supplies
302
2
dc--dc Converters with Electrical Isolation
304
18
Control of Switch-Mode dc Power Supplies
322
19
Power Supply Protection
341
3
Electrical Isolation in the Feedback Loop
344
2
Designing to Meet the Power Supply Specifications
346
8
Summary
349
1
Problems
349
2
References
351
3
Power Conditioners and Uninterruptible Power Supplies
354
11
Introduction
354
1
Power Line Disturbances
354
3
Power Conditioners
357
1
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs)
358
7
Summary
363
1
Problems
363
1
References
364
1
PART 4 MOTOR DRIVE APPLICATIONS
365
84
Introduction to Motor Drives
367
10
Introduction
367
1
Criteria for Selecting Drive Components
368
9
Summary
375
1
Problems
376
1
References
376
1
dc Motor Drives
377
22
Introduction
377
1
Equivalent Circuit of dc Motors
377
3
Permanent-Magnet dc Motors
380
1
dc Motors with a Separately Excited Field Winding
381
1
Effect of Armature Current Waveform
382
1
dc Servo Drives
383
8
Adjustable-Speed dc Drives
391
8
Summary
396
1
Problems
396
2
References
398
1
Induction Motor Drives
399
36
Introduction
399
1
Basic Principles of Induction Motor Operation
400
5
Induction Motor Characteristics at Rated (Line) Frequency and Rated Voltage
405
1
Speed Control by Varying Stator Frequency and Voltage
406
9
Impact of Nonsinusoidal Excitation on Induction Motors
415
3
Variable-Frequency Converter Classifications
418
1
Variable-Frequency PWM-VSI Drives
419
6
Variable-Frequency Square-Wave VSI Drives
425
1
Variable-Frequency CSI Drives
426
1
Comparison of Variable-Frequency Drives
427
1
Line-Frequency Variable-Voltage Drives
428
2
Reduced Voltage Starting (``Soft Start'') of Induction Motors
430
1
Speed Control by Static Slip Power Recovery
431
4
Summary
432
1
Problems
433
1
References
434
1
Synchronous Motor Drives
435
14
Introduction
435
1
Basic Principles of Synchronous Motor Operation
435
4
Synchronous Servomotor Drives with Sinusoidal Waveforms
439
1
Synchronous Servomotor Drives with Trapezoidal Waveforms
440
2
Load-Commutated Inverter Drives
442
3
Cycloconverters
445
4
Summary
445
1
Problems
446
1
References
447
2
PART 5 OTHER APPLICATIONS
449
56
Residential and Industrial Applications
451
9
Introduction
451
1
Residential Applications
451
4
Industrial Applications
455
5
Summary
459
1
Problems
459
1
References
459
1
Electric Utility Applications
460
23
Introduction
460
1
High-voltage dc Transmission
460
11
Static var Compensators
471
4
Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems to the Utility Grid
475
5
Active Filters
480
3
Summary
480
1
Problems
481
1
References
482
1
Optimizing the Utility Interface with Power Electronic Systems
483
22
Introduction
483
1
Generation of Current Harmonics
484
1
Current Harmonics and Power Factor
485
1
Harmonic Standards and Recommended Practices
485
2
Need for Improved Utility Interface
487
1
Improved Single-Phase Utility Interface
488
10
Improved Three-Phase Utility Interface
498
2
Electromagnetic Interference
500
5
Summary
502
1
Problems
503
1
References
503
2
PART 6 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
505
162
Basic Semiconductor Physics
507
17
Introduction
507
1
Conduction Processes in Semiconductors
507
6
pn Junctions
513
5
Charge Control Description of pn-Junction Operation
518
2
Avalanche Breakdown
520
4
Summary
522
1
Problems
522
1
References
523
1
Power Diodes
524
22
Introduction
524
1
Basic Structure and I--V Characteristics
524
2
Breakdown Voltage Considerations
526
5
On-State Losses
531
4
Switching Characteristics
535
4
Schottky Diodes
539
7
Summary
543
1
Problems
543
2
References
545
1
Bipolar Junction Transistors
546
25
Introduction
546
1
Vertical Power Transistor Structures
546
2
I--V Characteristics
548
2
Physics of BJT Operation
550
6
Switching Characteristics
556
6
Breakdown Voltages
562
1
Second Breakdown
563
2
On-State Losses
565
2
Safe Operating Areas
567
4
Summary
568
1
Problems
569
1
References
570
1
Power MOSFETs
571
25
Introduction
571
1
Basic Structure
571
3
I--V Characteristics
574
2
Physics of Device Operation
576
5
Switching Characteristics
581
6
Operating Limitations and Safe Operating Areas
587
9
Summary
593
1
Problems
594
1
References
595
1
Thyristors
596
17
Introduction
596
1
Basic Structure
596
1
I--V Characteristics
597
2
Physics of Device Operation
599
4
Switching Characteristics
603
5
Methods of Improving di/dt and dv/dt Ratings
608
5
Summary
610
1
Problems
611
1
References
612
1
Gate Turn-Off Thyristors
613
13
Introduction
613
1
Basic Structure and I--V Characteristics
613
1
Physics of Turn-Off Operation
614
2
GTO Switching Characteristics
616
7
Overcurrent Protection of GTOs
623
3
Summary
624
1
Problems
624
1
References
625
1
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
626
15
Introduction
626
1
Basic Structure
626
2
I--V Characteristics
628
1
Physics of Device Operation
629
2
Latchup in IGBTs
631
3
Switching Characteristics
634
3
Device Limits and SOAs
637
4
Summary
639
1
Problems
639
1
References
640
1
Emerging Devices and Circuits
641
26
Introduction
641
1
Power Junction Field Effect Transistors
641
5
Field-Controlled Thyristor
646
2
JFET-Based Devices versus Other Power Devices
648
1
MOS-Controlled Thyristors
649
7
Power Integrated Circuits
656
5
New Semiconductor Materials for Power Devices
661
6
Summary
664
1
Problems
665
1
References
666
1
PART 7 PRACTICAL CONVERTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
667
126
Snubber Circuits
669
27
Function and Types of Snubber Circuits
669
1
Diode Snubbers
670
8
Snuber Circuits for Thyristors
678
2
Need for Snubbers with Transistors
680
2
Turn-Off Snubber
682
4
Overvoltage Snubber
686
2
Turn-On Snubber
688
3
Snubbers for Bridge Circuit Configurations
691
1
GTO Snubber Considerations
692
4
Summary
693
1
Problems
694
1
References
695
1
Gate and Base Drive Circuits
696
34
Preliminary Design Considerations
696
1
dc-Coupled Drive Circuits
697
6
Electrically Isolated Drive Circuits
703
7
Cascode-Connected Drive Circuits
710
2
Thyristor Drive Circuits
712
5
Power Device Protection in Drive Circuits
717
5
Circuit Layout Considerations
722
8
Summary
728
1
Problems
729
1
References
729
1
Component Temperature Control and Heat Sinks
730
14
Control of Semiconductor Device Temperatures
730
1
Heat Transfer by Conduction
731
6
Heat Sinks
737
2
Heat Transfer by Radiation and Convection
739
5
Summary
742
1
Problems
743
1
References
743
1
Design of Magnetic Components
744
49
Magnetic Materials and Cores
744
8
Copper Windings
752
2
Thermal Considerations
754
2
Analysis of a Specific Inductor Design
756
4
Inductor Design Procedures
760
7
Analysis of a Specific Transformer Design
767
4
Eddy Currents
771
8
Transformer Leakage Inductance
779
1
Transformer Design Procedure
780
9
Comparison of Transformer and Inductor Sizes
789
4
Summary
789
1
Problems
790
2
References
792
1
Index
793